改良乳房下锥形真皮瓣巨乳缩小术

为进一步保证巨乳缩小术后乳头乳晕的血供和感觉，简化手术操作。设计乳房下锥形真皮瓣，同时把皮肤磨削术应用于巨乳缩小术。自１９９４年１月至１９９７年６月为８例（１６侧）巨乳患者实施手术。全部患者术后乳头乳晕无并发症。并能大大缩短手术时间。认为皮肤磨削术乳房下锥形真皮瓣不仅可以确保乳头、乳晕的血供和感觉，且可以大大缩短手术时间，减少术后并发症     

改良垂直上蒂乳房组织瓣乳房缩小成形术

目的探讨应用一种新的可适用于各种程度乳房肥大及乳房下垂的巨乳缩小术。方法在乳房中下部设计1条横向的弧形切口，切口须低于第4肋间水平的高度。切除该切口与乳房下皱襞之间多余的乳房组织，并在乳晕两侧各切除1块三角形的表皮真皮全层皮肤，然后将所余乳房组织塑形成新乳房。结果共行45例手术，术后外观令人满意，组织切除量及乳头提升达到预期要求，未伤及第4肋间神经外侧皮神经前支。除3例乳房伤口轻度裂开，经局部治疗后愈合，未影响手术效果外，无其他并发症发生。结论本手术方法可适用于各种程度的乳房肥大及乳房下垂，术后乳头乳晕复合体感觉正常，乳头勃起状态良好，乳房外形自然饱满，是一种简单、实用、令人满意的手术方法。     

Reduction mammoplasty

The concept of the author's technique foresees that the long-term appearance after reduction mammoplasty is dictated by the volume and shape of the remaining glandular adipose tissue, on which the skin gradually contracts. The resection of this tissue obeys the same orientation for small, medium, and large hypertrophic breasts. The design for skin resection is chosen according to the quality and quantity of the skin to be removed. Three different designs are presented.Presented at the VIII International Congress, of the Confederation of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montreal, June 26–July 1, 1983     

Reduction mammoplasty for macromastia

Macromastia is a common cause of physical and emotional suffering. Reduction mammoplasty can provide relief from shoulder grooving, back and neck pain, intertrigo, and symptoms of ulnar nerve compression. Similarly, emotional well being is enhanced by improved self-image, increased capacity to participate in sports and work, and the ability to wear normal, attractive clothes. In the last three years, we have performed reduction mammoplasty using the inferior pedicle technique or free nipple graft in 75 patients. Preoperative symptoms typically included back pain, shoulder grooving, and a stooped posture. Fat necrosis was the most common complication and was associated with large resections. Patient satisfaction was high for both procedures.     

Reduction mammoplasty utilizing nipple-areola transplantation

Reduction mammoplasty using nipple-areola transplantation has proved to be a satisfactory procedure. It will probably be performed in an ever-increasing number of patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty as more surgeons realize that aesthetically pleasing results can be achieved.     

用改良“L”形骨切开术降低颧骨颧弓突度

目的：探讨一种改良型＂L＂形骨切开术降低颧骨颧弓突度的可行性与美容效果。方法：经口腔唇颊侧前庭沟切口,用＂L＂形骨切开术切开颧骨体前部,通过发际内皮肤小切口将颧弓根部完全折断,将松动的颧骨颧弓复合体内推后用螺钉固定。结果：通过43例患者的临床应用获得了满意整形与美容效果。结论：采用口内-耳前联合入路行＂L＂形骨切开术,是一种具有操作简便、固位稳定与较低颧面部软组织下垂风险的缩小颧骨颧弓突度的手术方法。     

隆乳术后乳房形态不佳的处理

目的：分析隆乳术后乳房形态不佳的原因，探讨手术纠正的方法。方法：采用原腔穴针刺定位缝扎法，调整假体位置后，纠正乳房形态。结果：11例(13侧)乳房假体位于胸犬肌下的病例，皆经本法手术处理，4例(5侧)乳房假体位于乳腺下的病例，改作胸犬肌下置入，随访6～18个月，效果满意。结论：针刺定位缝扎在纠正隆乳术后乳房假体位置偏移，缩小隆乳腔穴中具有操作简便，定位准确，效果满意，便于推广应用等优点。     

Reduction mammoplasty with the peixoto technique

Summary A technique of reduction mammoplasty, first described by Peixoto, has been utilized in 25 patients. Advantages include reduced scars, maintenance of lactation, and a more natural breast form. This technique depends on the skin's ability to retract (reverse expansion). It is indicated in young women with moderate hypertrophy and good quality skin.     

乳腺中心蒂乳房肥大缩小术

目的 探寻一种保证乳房肥大缩小手术后乳头乳晕的良好血运和感觉及哺乳功能、并减少手术并发症的术式。方法 选择乳头乳晕深部中心区的乳腺组织做乳头乳晕蒂，蒂中包含支配乳头乳晕的乳腺中央支血管、感觉神经，术中一直可观察到刺激乳头后的勃起反应，并使中心区保留的乳腺组织与乳头间有输乳管相连，以保留该部的哺乳功能。术中切除多余的乳腺及相应脂肪组织，缩小后的乳房容易塑形。结果 自1996年开展此项手术以来，共已完成17例，无1例发生乳头乳晕的并发症，感觉正常，并有1例曾经历哺乳。结论 乳腺中心蒂乳房肥大缩小术，不但可以保证乳头乳晕的血运，而且可避免对感觉神经的损伤，保留部分哺乳功能，并获得良好形态。     

Reduction mammoplasty: Some observations and reflections

The ideal procedure for reduction mammoplasty should: (a) create a breast of desired size with an aesthetically pleasing shape; (b) leave small "invisible" scars; (c) preserve the nursing capacity; (d) leave the erotic sensibility intact; and (e) have no postoperative complications. Most of the unfavorable results can be avoided by careful preoperative planning and restrictive patient selection, with special attention being given to very young patients and to those with unrealistic expectations.     

Reduction mammoplasty by the total dermoglandular pedicle

The use of a total dermoglandular pedicle in 700 cases of reduction mammoplasty are described by this team of authors. They emphasize that their modification of the dermoglandular pedicle provides an extremely reliable blood supply to the areola and is quick and easy to perform. There is no anesthesia of the nipple postoperatively, and the shape of the breast is favorable both in the immediate postoperative period and over the longterm follow-up observation between the years 1979 and 1984.     

Reduction mammoplasty by the central pedicle,avoiding a vertical scar

Reduction of the macromamma that causes posture malformations, neck and back pain, and psychological problems is very important. I performed the technique on 13 patients whose ages ranged between 17 and 60 years during 1990 and 1993. I observed no complications in the controls. To obtain a better result in reduction mammoplasty, I use a technique that can be performed on patients of any age, without causing any problems in vascularization, sensitivity, and lactation, and that avoids the vertical scar.     

Reduction mammoplasty and back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Spine Journal - There is anecdotal evidence that many patients who undergo reduction mammoplasty (RM) procedures, to relieve symptoms of large breasts, also report improvement in existing...     

Fibula lengthening using a modified Ilizarov method

A combination of external and internal fixation techniques for a fibular lengthening procedure using the Ilizarov method is described. The technique is minimally invasive, allows precise deformity correction, enables early weight bearing, and minimizes the time that the patient wears the external fixator.     

Reduction mammoplasty: General approach and basic considerations

Reduction mammoplasties must take into consideration volume, mammary base, and forward projection in establishing criteria for a standard breast. Any reduction procedure involves the mammary gland or mass, the skin, and the nipple-areola complex.Since 1969, we have used a dermal vault technique on over 1,200 patients with satisfactory results. It produces a short, well-situated scar, a pleasing form, ideal residual mammary volume, and good stability.     

Reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy: A personal technique

Surgical correction of the ptotic or hypertrophic breast is performed with increasing frequency. Many different techniques are widely practiced and give predictably reliable results. Greater consideration needs to be given to the long-term aesthetic results, breast shape, quality of scars, and preservation of nipple sensation. This paper presents a personal technique practiced for the past 10 years in which consideration is given to achieving better nipple projection and less conspicuous scars. In addition, a method of wide tissue overlapping is advocated to maintain better long-term breast contour.     

改良乳房下真皮乳腺单蒂瓣巨乳缩小术

目的为了进一步保证巨乳缩小术后乳头乳晕的血供和感觉,减少手术并发症。方法设计应用乳房下真皮单蒂瓣,并保留部分乳腺组织的垂直乳腺蒂,及切除的乳腺组织位于乳房下方两侧的巨乳缩小术,自1994年1月至1995年11月,为67例(132侧)巨乳患者在法国斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所进行治疗。结果术后全部患者无乳头乳晕并发症,感觉正常。结论结合乳腺垂直蒂和乳房下真皮单蒂瓣的改良巨乳缩小术,不但可以确保乳头乳晕的血供,且可减少感觉损伤,降低手术并发症,及提供良好形态。     

Reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy with limited inversed T scar

Our retrospective study done on 184 cases of hypertrophic mammary gland and ptosis on little, medium, and high grade confirms that we have approached an original technique, giving an inversed T scar, reducing the horizontal part of our scar instead of the original Pitanguy scar.