股前外侧游离皮瓣修复手部及前臂深度热压伤12例分析

手部、前臂深度热压伤是一种常见的外伤，处理相对困难。过去常以传统的腹部或胸脐带蒂皮瓣修复，疗效欠佳。近年来，随着显微外科技术的发展，带蒂游离皮瓣修复其创面已成为其治疗方法之一。2004年6月至2007年6月，本科行股前外侧游离皮瓣修复手部及前臂深度热压伤12例，术后患肢外形、功能恢复满意。     

真皮下血管网皮瓣在手部深度烧伤的应用

手是人的重要器官,且多暴露在外,烧伤机会多。深度烧伤后常致手部畸形和功能障碍,尤其是电击伤和热压伤。因此,对于手部深度烧伤,需尽快修复创面并尽量减少其功能障碍,同时使其具有较好的外观,这是最理想的治疗效果。作者等采用早期切痂真皮下血管网皮瓣移植修复手部深度烧伤创面10例,效果满意,现报道如下。     

应用真皮下血管网带蒂薄皮瓣修复手部热压伤

目的:探讨真皮下血管网带蒂薄皮瓣移植修复手部热压伤的治疗效果。方法:对我科从1999年1月至2006年12月间收治的42例手部热压伤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:32例Ⅰ期愈合,10例Ⅱ期愈合,手外观及功能均较理想。结论:正确处理是手部热压伤功能恢复的关键,早期行真皮下血管网带蒂薄皮瓣移植修复创面是一种比较理想的方法。     

急诊腹部带蒂皮瓣修复手部热压伤的护理

目的探讨急诊腹部带蒂皮瓣移植修复手部热压伤的护理措施及效果。方法对27例手部热压伤患者行急诊腹部带蒂皮瓣移植术修复,并加强术前及术后的护理。结果27例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣质地,外观,功能均满意。结论根据手部热压伤创面缺损部位大小及功能要求,在急诊情况下充分利用腹部组织的皮瓣,可使多数创面得到理想的修复。加强术前、术后护理,尤其是术后皮瓣血运的观察,维持有效的血液循环,采取有效措施预防感染,保持正确体位及有效的姿势固定等护理及有效的康复训练,是保证治疗成功的重要措施。     

手部热压伤59例综合治疗效果分析

目的 :比较不同的治疗方法对手部热压伤的治疗效果。方法 :对我科 1999年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 1月收治的 5 9例手部热压伤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :早期皮瓣修复的疗效最好 ,优良率达 96 0 % ;早期大张中厚皮片和移植晚期皮瓣修复稍差 ,优良率分别为 81 2 %和 80 0 % ;而晚期肉芽创面植皮效果最差 ,优良率仅为5 7 0 %。结论 :早期正确处理是手部热压伤功能恢复的关键 ,早期行腹部皮瓣修复创面是一种比较理想的方法     

手部热压伤64例临床治疗分析

目的:探讨手部热压伤的临床治疗效果。方法:对我科从1997年1月至2007年1月收治的64例手部热压伤病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:早期皮瓣修复的疗效最好,优良率达92%;早期大张中厚皮片,优良率为78%;而晚期肉芽创面植皮效果最差,优良率仅为38%。结论:正确处理是手部热压伤功能恢复的关键,早期行腹部皮瓣修复创面是一种比较理想的方法。     

股前外侧皮瓣早期修复手及前臂严重热压伤创面

手部重度热压伤不仅有深度烧伤的特点,而且受到挤压伤,易造成手部皮肤、肌腱及骨组织损伤外露,如处理方法选择不当会加重损伤的程度造成手部严重的功能丧失。本科2003年3月至2005年12月应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复手部热压伤创面19例,效果理想,现报道如下。     

皮瓣修复治疗手部热压伤的疗效观察

目的探讨皮瓣修复治疗手部热压伤的疗效。方法对我院56例手部热压伤患者采用皮瓣修复术进行治疗。结果本组病人均在术后10d左右断蒂,断蒂前行蒂部夹压阻断血流试验,有的虽见皮瓣略现青紫色,但毛细血管充盈试验良好,皮瓣全部成活45例,大部分成活11例。成活后的皮瓣颜色、外形、质地佳,有弹性及一定的滑动性,功能恢复满意。随访6～12个月,优35例,良19例,差2例,优良率96．4％。结论采用皮瓣修复手热压伤,手术操作简便,供区隐蔽,技术要求低,成活率高,美学价值高,更有利于手部外形与功能的恢复,适宜推广应用。     

手部热压伤患者腹部带蒂皮瓣修复术后的康复护理

总结手部热压伤患者腹部带蒂皮瓣修复术后的康复护理体会。对38例手部热压伤患者进行康复护理,指导患者在腹部带蒂皮瓣修复术后应用压力治疗和支具固定,并进行正确康复训练,尤其是患手各关节主动活动和生活活动能力（ADL）的训练。三期手术后半年,本组患者患手总的主动活动度（TAM）恢复满意;ADL与康复前比较,除了穿衣和穿鞋袜外,其余项目均有明显提高。手部热压伤后最大限度地恢复手功能不仅取决于伤情及手术修复的效果,也离不开早期、全程的康复护理。     

手部重度热压伤的皮瓣移植修复22例

目的:重度热压伤者深层组织暴露,断层或全厚皮片移植不能覆盖神经、肌腱、皮质骨,临床常采用早期皮瓣移植修复,本组观察22例手部重度热压伤患者的治疗效果,进行了重复性的经验验证。方法:选择2001-01/2006-06解放军第八五医院烧伤整形外科收治的皮瓣移植修复治疗手部重度热压伤患者22例,对治疗方案均知情同意。其中选择手部局部皮瓣4例,上臂管型皮瓣3例,腹部随意带蒂皮瓣10例,腹部轴型皮瓣5例。术后进行康复治疗,定期随访,根据伤情和手功能恢复情况评估疗效。结果:①术后各种皮瓣全部成活,随访6￣12个月,皮瓣颜色质地均佳,手外形和功能恢复满意。②22例患者治疗效果优、良、差者分别为10,7,5例。③伤后急诊手术及1周内手术者17例,愈合优良率为82%;2周内手术者5例,愈合优良率为60%。结论:根据不同的热压伤创面选用相应的皮瓣进行早期移植修复,术后同时进行康复治疗,可最大限度地恢复手的外形和功能。     

Physical and quality of life outcomes of patients with isolated hand burns--a prospective audit

Hand burns can have major implications on function, appearance, and quality of life. Our clinical practice has changed over the last 10 years, with a steady increase in the proportion of hand burns receiving early and aggressive surgical management using Biobrane? sheets/gloves and a concomitant fall in the proportion requiring excision and split skin grafting. The aim of this study was to measure a comprehensive range of outcomes for patients admitted with isolated hand burns to review our outcomes and provide us with the "expected" patterns of recovery. A prospective audit was performed over a 14-month period, with outcomes measured during hospital admission and at 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury (depending on the method of management). Outcomes comprised pain, the Burns Specific Health Scale (abbreviated version B), return to work/leisure, total active range of motion, grip strength, the Michigan Hand Questionnaire, and scar appearance using Matching Assessment with Photographs of Scars. A total of 52 patients (35 male, mean age 39 years) with 57 burned hands participated. Patients whose burn injuries were such that they were able to be managed conservatively or with Biobrane? showed rapid recovery in all outcomes, with normal or near-normal values achieved within 2 weeks to 1 month postinjury. The patients whose burn injuries required excision and split skin grafting demonstrated more marked initial deterioration, a slower rate of improvement, but eventual good recovery. In conclusion, for this sample of patients with isolated hand burns, recovery was good and rapid for those whose burn injuries were such that they were managed conservatively or with Biobrane?.     

The use of the Millard "crane" flap for deep hand burns with exposed tendons and joints.

Deep hand burns with exposed tendons and joints are rare but devastating injuries. They cannot be grafted and require flaps. Abdominal or groin flaps are commonly used, but they are bulky and require separation of the digits. We tried the Millard "crane" flap for these burns and compared our patients' results with those of patients who had received standard abdominal skin flaps. Eleven deep hand burns that had been treated with flaps were evaluated. Six patients had been treated with the crane flap and 5 had been treated with conventional abdominal skin flaps. All crane procedures provided graftable wound beds. The total active ranges of motion of all 11 patients 6 months after the surgical procedures showed no statistical difference. The crane method also provides good cosmetic results. None of the hands treated with crane flaps required procedures to separate the digits or debulk the flaps, but all of the hands treated with conventional abdominal skin flaps required these types of procedures.     

腹部联合超大皮瓣修复手及前臂皮肤缺损的护理

目的:探讨腹部联合超大皮瓣修复手及前臂皮肤缺损的护理方法。方法:对2006年6月~2010年7月收治的7例腹部联合超大皮瓣修复手及前臂大面积皮肤缺损术的患者,术前给予系统的心理护理、生命体征监测、营养支持、创面血管破裂出血的监护,术后从体位护理、皮瓣血运观察、饮食指导、并发症预防等方面进行护理。结果:7例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣质地良好,3~4周断蒂,平均住院时间37.5 d。出院时7例患者肩、肘活动度均达优。4例患者腕关节活动度达优,3例患者腕关节因损伤严重活动度为良。结论:系统规范的围手术期护理是腹部联合超大皮瓣修复手及前臂皮肤缺损术成功的保证。     

含真皮下血管网薄皮瓣在手部软组织缺损中的应用

目的总结含真皮下血管网薄皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损的临床治疗经验。方法 1992年6月~2010年3月期间,应用含真皮下血管网薄皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损27例。术后随访时间为3个月~3年。结果 27个皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣外形较好,术后3~6个月有触觉及痛温觉。患者手部功能恢复满意。手部外形接近正常,未见肌腱粘连及关节僵硬发生。结论真皮下血管网薄皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损效果好。     

前臂静脉皮瓣对手指离断合并皮肤缺损的修复及术后功能恢复

背景手指离断合并邻近部位皮肤软组织缺损常有发生.传统的处理方法常导致再植手指过短或伤指缺失,而且软组织缺损还要二期覆盖,因此治疗结果不尽理想.目的观察应用游离的前臂内侧静脉皮瓣修复手指离断合并软组织缺损,对其功能恢复的影响.设计以患者为研究对象,前后对照观察研究.单位一所大学医院骨科.对象选择2000-10/2004-05中山大学附属第三医院骨科收治的创伤性手指离断合并指背或手背软组织缺损的患者11例,男8例,女3例;年龄20～45岁.方法切取同侧前臂内侧静脉皮瓣,面积为1.5 cm×1.0 cm～5.0 cm×6.5 cm,根据缺损软组织性质原方向或倒置后覆盖软组织缺损处.皮瓣远近两端静脉和创面相应处动脉或静脉行端端吻合;一期行13个离断手指再植.供区创面根据缺损大小直接缝合或游离植皮覆盖.术后在专业人员指导下进行早期功能锻炼.主要观察指标①手指运动和感觉功能恢复情况.②术后皮瓣成活情况.结果移植的11例静脉皮瓣中9例完全存活,再植的13个手指中12个成活.7例1年随访时,再植的手指运动功能良好;修复皮瓣的感觉恢复不理想.结论游离的前臂内侧静脉皮瓣可以应用于伴有手指离断的指背、手背的软组织缺损修复重建.该皮瓣具有取材方便、厚薄适中、柔韧性好的优点.感觉恢复不良是其主要缺陷.     

外科皮瓣重建修复指端缺损

【目的】探讨应用外科皮瓣重建指端缺损的疗效并探讨其治疗策略。【方法】回顾性分析2003年1月至2008年12月采用伤指邻近皮瓣和游离足趾皮瓣修复手指指端缺损285例328指的临床资料。【结果】术后伤指邻近皮瓣中有13例手指袁浅坏死,游离足趾皮瓣全部成活。术后随访2周～1年,皮瓣的血运、质地、弹性良好,感觉以指神经血管束蒂皮瓣恢复最佳,与术前相近似;游离足趾皮瓣、侧支血管皮瓣的两点辨别觉为5～10mm,手指活动好,外观令人满意。【结论】严格掌握手术适应证,选择伤指邻近皮瓣和游离足趾皮瓣可修复指端缺损创面,并获得良好的修复外形和满意的功能恢复。     

Repair of a severe palm injury with anterolateral thigh and ilioinguinal flaps: A case report

BACKGROUNDIn daily life and work, there are more and more patients with trauma to the hand, which often results in skin and soft tissue defects. Although there are many repair methods, the function and appearance of the fingers will be adversely affected if the repair is inadequate. CASE SUMMARYIn the present report we describe an 18-year-old male patient whose right hand was mangled by a machine. X-ray imaging showed that a right hand bone (middle finger) was absent and the alignment was poor. After hospitalization, he was diagnosed with a severe right hand injury, skin and soft tissue defects, partial finger defects, and a skin degloving injury. He underwent reconstructive surgery with anterolateral thigh and ilioinguinal flaps. After two repair operations, satisfactory results were obtained, including good fracture healing, good skin flap shape, and good wrist joint function.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights the good effect of anterolateral thigh and ilioinguinal flaps repair technique on severe palm injury.     

手部皮肤软组织缺损皮瓣修复78例效果观察

【目的】探讨应用不同的前臂背侧岛状皮瓣修复手背皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。【方法】应用骨问背侧动脉岛状皮瓣（35例）,骨间前动脉桡侧骨皮支逆行岛状皮瓣（15例）,桡神经浅支营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣（12例）,尺神经腕背支营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣（8例）,桡动脉鼻烟窝皮支逆行岛状皮瓣（8例）5种不同的前臂背侧岛状皮瓣逆行转移修复78例手背皮肤软组织缺损。【结果】术后71例皮瓣完全成活,i例骨间背侧动脉岛状皮瓣,2例骨间前动脉桡侧骨皮支逆行岛状皮辩,2例桡神经浅支营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮瓣,2例尺神经腕背支营养血管为蒂的逆行岛状皮辩远端皮瓣部分坏死,经局部换药2～4周,创面愈合。术后经3个月至2年随访,皮瓣血运、弹性、质地良好。【结论】应用前臂背侧岛状皮瓣逆行转移修复手背部皮肤软组织缺损,手术操作简单、安全,临床效果满意。     

颞浅筋膜瓣吻合移植修复手部软组织损伤及重建手功能

背景:颞浅筋膜瓣吻合移植在手伴有骨、肌腱、关节外露的脱套手损伤治疗中具有诸多优点,但在国内几乎没有报道。目的:评估颞浅筋膜瓣吻合移植修复手部软组织缺损术后患者的手部功能及其外观。设计:病例回顾分析。单位:中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学整形外科医院颌面外科。对象:选择2001-01/2005-05在中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学整形外科医院颌面外科就诊的采用颞浅筋膜瓣吻合移植的手损伤患者11例,均自愿参加观察分析。所有病例均有肌腱、骨或肌腱外露。方法:术前采用多普勒或触摸的方法行定位并标记颞浅血管神经束的走向,切取筋膜瓣尺寸于10cm×9cm和4cm×6cm之间。通过全厚皮肤移植行筋膜瓣表面再皮肤化。随访时间8个月(6～11个月),随访项目包括手的功能检查和外形的满意程度。功能评估采用伤及关节的总主动活动度与相应未受伤关节的比值进行评价,中位为零。功能康复按比值大小分3等:大于0.75为良好,小于0.5为差,二者之间为较好。手部外形的评价包括患者和医生的双方满意程度,包括是否臃肿和有可见瘢痕。主要观察指标:颞浅筋膜瓣吻合移植术后患者手功能恢复情况。结果:纳入手外伤患者11例,4例失访。①9例患者的筋膜瓣完全成活,1例因取瓣操作中损伤静脉,术后出现部分坏死,创面通过换药自行愈合。1例3d后出现静脉危象,手术探查发现,因静脉过长,术后出现静脉折叠,形成血栓,再次吻合后静脉通畅,但创面形成散在疤痕。②手部功能恢复4例良好,3例较好,4例失访。医生和患者对手部外观恢复情况满意。结论:应用颞浅筋膜瓣吻合移植同时再皮肤化是修复骨、肌腱外露的手部组织缺损的良好选择。不需要二次皮瓣修整,能获得良好的美学效果。而最重要的是柔软的筋膜组织特点为肌腱、关节的功能恢复提供了良好的组织环境。且供区的瘢痕隐蔽而且无功能损害。     

Management of pediatric perineal and genital burns: twenty-year review

Between 1966 and 1986, fifty-seven pediatric patients with partial and/or full-thickness perineal and genital burns with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were identified. Fifty percent of the patients with genital burns and 20% of the patients with perineal and/or buttock burns required skin grafting in the acute stage. No patient required suprapubic cystostomies, diverting colostomies, or local flap coverage of exposed testicles. Burn scar contractures were the most frequent complications. Thirty-two patients (56%) required contracture release of the perineum and coverage with either skin grafts or local skin flaps. In three patients (6%) contracture required release of the penis and scrotum. One patient lost a testicle. Three patients developed rectal prolapse and were treated without surgery. Four patients developed rectal stenosis with fecal incontinence because of burn scar contracture and were treated by anal dilatation, local transposition flaps, and/or excision of the scar and primary closure. Acute management of pediatric patients with such injuries can be conservative. Delayed complications of contractures of the perineum and genitals can be easily corrected with scar excisions, skin grafts, or the use of local skin flaps.