Initial experience with ESWL therapy of pancreatic duct calculi]

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of pancreatic stones was performed in four patients with chronic pancreatitis and a dilated duct system harbouring stones 5-12 mm in diameter. The stones were disintegrated by shock waves using a Dornier lithotripter in one or more sessions. Disintegration of stones was achieved in 4/4 patients, initial (6-11 months) relief of pain in 3/4 patients, and total clearance of pancreatic duct in 3/4 patients. No complications were observed. In the first patient in whom ESWL was not completely successful, underwent an operation: a longitudinal pancreato-gastrostomy and the stones were found completely disintegrated. From these early data they conclude that ESWL of pancreatic duct stones is a provisional new alternative for surgery in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.     

Experiences with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in 61 children

Between March 1985 and January 1987 2547 ESWL treatments were performed on 2064 patients, including 33 boys and 28 girls younger than 18 years. Almost identical results were obtained in children as in adults. All stones desintegrated and success was achieved in 97%; 79% was considered stone-free after 6 months and 18% had passable asymptomatic residual fragments (biggest fragments less than 3 mm) which did not grow larger during a mean follow-up of 17.8 months. One patient had a recurrent stone, after having been stone-free for 13 months. Post-ESWL complications and morbidity were minimal. Auxiliary measures were necessary in 5 patients before ESWL and in 6 patients after ESWL. Failure to render the kidney free of stones occurred in 2 patients with complex urolithiasis. Because of these results ESWL should be considered the treatment of choice in the paediatric age group for urolithiasis.     

Initial experience with ultrasonic examination of the rectum]

The authors report their initial results obtained by the use of transrectal sonography in examination of known or suspected rectal and perirectal masses. 42 patients were examined with commercially available endosonographic probes. 22 patients had known rectal cancer. 13 patients underwent surgical exploration. Malignant infiltration of perirectal fat were detected as accurately with US as with histology in 9 cases. Lymph node involvement was accurately identified in 11 cases. They recommend this new technique for the assessment of invasion of rectal tumours and lymph node involvement, for postoperative follow-up and for examination of benign diseases of the rectum.     

HB-ESWL-VG型体外冲击波碎石机定位X光机故障检修

介绍了体外冲击波碎石机定位医用X射线机的故障分析与检修处理方法。     

气压弹道式体外冲击波设备在骨肌系统疾病治疗中的应用

与传统的聚焦型体外冲击波技术相比,气压弹道式体外冲击波属于放散状（非聚焦）体外冲击波,该项技术在骨肌系统疾病治疗中有其独特的优点,尤其适合于肌腱末端病、肌筋膜疼痛综合征的治疗。     

膀胱充盈与空虚对膀胱结石体外冲击波碎石疗效的影响及分析

目的 分析并比较膀胱充盈与空虚时行体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗膀胱结石的疗效、碎石排出时通畅情况、碎石排净时间及并发症.方法 对因导尿管、结石等刺激致膀胱痉挛而无法留尿,只能在膀胱空虚状态下行ESWL的20例膀胱结石患者(空虚组)和同期在膀胱充盈下行ESWL的50例膀胱结石患者(充盈组)进行疗效、碎石排出时通畅情况、碎石排净时问及并发症的比较.结果 空虚组术后B超追踪:碎石直径≤4mm8例,8～10mm 8例,》10mm4例;术后排石感觉疼痛、排尿不畅10例,尿道石街并嵌顿3例,复打7例.1～2 d排净8例,3～5d及以后排净12例.充盈组:碎石直径≤4 mm 42例,8～10 mm 8例,2例出现尿道结石嵌顿,经多喝水后自行排出.50例均于1～5 d内顺畅排出、排净结石.结论 膀胱充盈时碎石效果优于空虚状态,膀胱充盈有利于结石外壳粉碎后及时、充分散开,以便后续冲击波能进一步粉碎结石核心,使结石粉碎更充分、均匀、细小,易于排出,减少复打率及并发症,提高一次碎石成功率.     

Initial experience with selection procedures for admission to medical school

Admittance to a medical school in the Netherlands has for decades been based on a grade point average weighted lottery system of secondary school leavers. Since 2000, the Dutch Higher Education and Scientific Research Act has given medical schools the option of selecting candidates. In 2000, two of the eight Dutch medical schools started selection experiments for 10 percent of their places. Leiden University Medical Center invited school leavers who had studied a more varied range of extra subjects to attend a 10-day summer school. All 54 candidates were ranked on the basis of assessments and tests; 24 of them were admitted. Utrecht University invited students with a higher education degree to a selection day. An application form, a structured interview and a questionnaire determined the ranking of 53 candidates; 24 of them were admitted. Both schools were satisfied with the manner in which the selection procedure worked. However, it is not yet possible to draw any definite conclusions about the effectiveness of the selection procedure.     

老年人急性结石性胆囊炎的临床特点与治疗体会

目的:探讨老年人急性结石性胆囊炎的临床特点及手术问题.方法:对我院1998～2003年经手术治疗的46例老年人急性结石性胆囊炎的临床表现及治疗进行回顾性分析.结果:46例全部治愈.术后切口感染、电解质紊乱、肺部感染等并发症高达19.5%.结论:老年人的急性结石性胆囊炎,术前充分准备,积极治疗合并症,采取合理的手术方式是手术安全的保证.