共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Inga Zerr Matthias Schmitz André Karch Anna Villar-Piqué Eirini Kanata Ewa Golanska Daniela Díaz-Lucena Aikaterini Karsanidou Peter Hermann Tobias Knipper Stefan Goebel Daniela Varges Theodoros Sklaviadis Beata Sikorska Pawel P. Liberski Isabel Santana Isidro Ferrer Henrik Zetterberg Franc Llorens 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(6):751-763
Introduction
Neurofilament light (NFL) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are increased in several neurodegenerative dementias. However, their diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnostic context is unknown.Methods
Cerebrospinal fluid NFL levels were quantified in nonprimarily neurodegenerative neurological and psychiatric diseases (n = 122), mild cognitive impairment (n = 48), Alzheimer's disease (n = 108), dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson's disease dementia (n = 53), vascular dementia (n = 46), frontotemporal dementia (n = 41), sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD, n = 132), and genetic prion diseases (n = 182).Results
The highest NFL levels were detected in sCJD, followed by vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson's disease dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and mild cognitive impairment. In sCJD, NFL levels correlated with cerebrospinal fluid tau and disease duration. NFL levels were able to differentiate sCJD from nonprimarily neurodegenerative neurological and psychiatric diseases (area under the curve = 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1) and from the other diagnostic groups showing cognitive impairment/dementia of a non-CJD etiology (area under the curve = 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.87–0.92). Compared to nonprimarily neurodegenerative neurological and psychiatric diseases, NFL was also elevated in genetic prion diseases associated with the E200K, V210I, P102L, and D178N prion protein gene mutations.Discussion
Increased NFL levels are a common feature in neurodegenerative dementias. 相似文献2.
Tobias Skillbäck Ronald Lautner Niklas Mattsson Jonathan M. Schott Ingmar Skoog Katarina Nägga Lena Kilander Anders Wimo Bengt Winblad Maria Eriksdotter Kaj Blennow Henrik Zetterberg 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(7):895-901
Introduction
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its implication in other dementias is less well studied.Methods
We used a data set on 2858 subjects (1098 AD, 260 vascular dementia [VaD], 145 mixed AD and VaD, 90 other dementia diagnoses, and 1265 controls) to examine the association of APOE polymorphisms with clinical dementia diagnoses, biomarker profiles, and longevity.Results
The ε4 allele was associated with reduced longevity as ε4 versus ε3 homozygotes lived on average 2.6 years shorter (P = .006). In AD, ε4 carriers lived 1.0 years shorter than noncarriers (P = .028). The ε4 allele was more prevalent in AD, mixed AD and VaD, and VaD patients compared to controls, but not in other dementia disorders.Discussion
The APOE ε4 allele is influential in AD but might also be of importance in VaD and in mixed AD and VaD, diseases in which concomitant AD pathology is common. 相似文献3.
Lana Fani Frank J. Wolters M. Kamran Ikram Marco J. Bruno Albert Hofman Peter J. Koudstaal Sarwa Darwish Murad M. Arfan Ikram 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(10):1377-1382
Introduction
Helicobacter pylori infection might increase risk of dementia, but available evidence is inconsistent, and longitudinal studies are sparse. We investigated the association between H. pylori serology and dementia risk in a population-based cohort.Methods
Between 1997 and 2002, we measured H. pylori serum IgG titers in 4215 nondemented participants of the Rotterdam Study with a mean age of 69 years. We determined the association between H. pylori at baseline and dementia incidence until 2015, per natural log (U/mL) increase in titer, and for seropositive/seronegative, using Cox models adjusting for cohort, sex, age, education, and cardiovascular risk factors.Results
During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 529 participants developed dementia, of which 463 had Alzheimer's disease. H. pylori was not associated with risk of dementia (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] for antibody titer: 1.04 [0.90–1.21]; for seropositivity 1.03 [0.86–1.22]), or Alzheimer's disease.Discussion
In this community-dwelling population, H. pylori was not associated with dementia risk. 相似文献4.
Peng Li Lei Yu Andrew S.P. Lim Aron S. Buchman Frank A.J.L. Scheer Steven A. Shea Julie A. Schneider David A. Bennett Kun Hu 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(9):1114-1125
Introduction
Healthy physiological systems exhibit fractal regulation (FR), generating similar fluctuation patterns in physiological outputs across different time scales. FR in motor activity is degraded in dementia, and the degradation correlates to cognitive decline. We tested whether degraded FR predicts Alzheimer's dementia.Methods
FR in motor activity was assessed in 1097 nondemented older adults at baseline. Cognition was assessed annually for up to 11 years.Results
Participants with an FR metric at the 10th percentile in this cohort had a 1.8-fold Alzheimer's disease risk (equivalent to the effect of being ～5.2 years older) and 1.3-fold risk for mild cognitive impairment (equivalent to the effect of being ～3.0 years older) than those at the 90th percentile. Consistently, degraded FR predicted faster cognitive decline. These associations were independent of physical activity, sleep fragmentation, and stability of daily activity rhythms.Discussion
FR may be a useful tool for predicting Alzheimer's dementia. 相似文献5.
Katrine L. Rasmussen Anne Tybjærg-Hansen Børge G. Nordestgaard Ruth Frikke-Schmidt 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(1):71-80
Introduction
In recent prospective studies, low plasma levels of apolipoprotein E (apoE) are associated with high risk of dementia. Whether this reflects a causal association remains to be established.Methods
Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we studied 106,562 and 75,260 individuals from the general population in observational and genetic analyses, respectively.Results
In observational analyses risk of Alzheimer's disease and all dementia increased stepwise as a function of stepwise lower apoE levels (P for trend, 2 × 10?17 and 9 × 10?21). APOE-weighted allele scores were associated with stepwise decreases in apoE (P for trend, <1 × 10?300). In instrumental variable analysis, the causal risk ratios for a 1 mg/dL genetically determined lower apoE were 1.41 (1.27–1.57) for Alzheimer's disease and 1.33 (1.25–1.43) for all dementia (F-statistics = 3821).Discussion
Genetic and hence lifelong low apoE is associated with high risk of dementia in the general population. The concordance between observational and genetic estimates suggests a potential causal relationship. 相似文献6.
Sven J. van der Lee Charlotte E. Teunissen René Pool Martin J. Shipley Alexander Teumer Vincent Chouraki Debora Melo van Lent Juho Tynkkynen Krista Fischer Jussi Hernesniemi Toomas Haller Archana Singh-Manoux Aswin Verhoeven Gonneke Willemsen Francisca A. de Leeuw Holger Wagner Jenny van Dongen Johannes Hertel Cornelia M. van Duijn 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(6):707-722
Introduction
Identifying circulating metabolites that are associated with cognition and dementia may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of dementia and provide crucial readouts for preventive and therapeutic interventions.Methods
We studied 299 metabolites in relation to cognition (general cognitive ability) in two discovery cohorts (N total = 5658). Metabolites significantly associated with cognition after adjusting for multiple testing were replicated in four independent cohorts (N total = 6652), and the associations with dementia and Alzheimer's disease (N = 25,872) and lifestyle factors (N = 5168) were examined.Results
We discovered and replicated 15 metabolites associated with cognition including subfractions of high-density lipoprotein, docosahexaenoic acid, ornithine, glutamine, and glycoprotein acetyls. These associations were independent of classical risk factors including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes. Six of the cognition-associated metabolites were related to the risk of dementia and lifestyle factors.Discussion
Circulating metabolites were consistently associated with cognition, dementia, and lifestyle factors, opening new avenues for prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. 相似文献7.
Gladys E. Maestre Luis J. Mena Jesus D. Melgarejo Daniel C. Aguirre-Acevedo Gloria Pino-Ramírez Milady Urribarrí Inara J. Chacon Carlos A. Chávez Luis Falque-Madrid Ciro A. Gaona Joseph D. Terwilliger Joseph H. Lee Nikolaos Scarmeas 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(2):140-147
Introduction
There are few longitudinal studies of dementia in developing countries. We used longitudinal data from the Maracaibo Aging Study to accurately determine the age- and sex-specific incidence of dementia in elderly Latin Americans.Methods
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) was used to diagnose dementia, which was classified as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or other. Age- and sex-specific incidence was estimated as the number of new cases of dementia divided by person-years (p-y) of follow-up.Results
The incidence of all dementia diagnoses was 9.10 per 1000 p-y (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.13–11.44; 8026 total p-y), 5.18 for Alzheimer's disease (95% CI 3.72–7.03; 7916 total p-y), and 3.35 for vascular dementia (95% CI 2.19–4.91; 7757 total p-y).Discussion
Among Maracaibo Aging Study participants younger than 65 years, the incidence of dementia was higher than that of US Whites. Among individuals older than 65 years, the incidence was comparable to the mean of previous incidence estimates for other populations worldwide. 相似文献8.
Sirwan K.L. Darweesh Frank J. Wolters M. Arfan Ikram Frank de Wolf Daniel Bos Albert Hofman 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(11):1450-1459
Introduction
Inflammatory markers are often elevated in patients with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether inflammatory markers are associated with the risk of developing dementia.Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library for prospective population-based studies reporting associations between inflammatory markers and all-cause dementia or AD. We used random effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals of inflammatory markers (highest vs. lowest quantile) for all-cause dementia and AD.Results
Fifteen articles from 13 studies in six countries reported data that could be meta-analyzed. C-reactive protein (HR = 1.37 [1.05; 1.78]), interleukin-6 (HR = 1.40 [1.13; 1.73]), α1-antichymotrypsin (HR = 1.54 [1.14; 2.80]), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity (HR = 1.40 [1.03; 1.90]), and fibrinogen were each associated with all-cause dementia, but neither was significantly associated with AD.Discussion
Several inflammatory markers are associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia; however, these markers are not specific for AD. Whether inflammatory markers closely involved in AD pathology are associated with the risk of AD remains to be elucidated. 相似文献9.
May A. Beydoun Hind A. Beydoun Martine Elbejjani Gregory A. Dore Alan B. Zonderman 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(9):1148-1158
Introduction
Infectious agents were recently implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and etiology of other dementias, notably Helicobacter pylori.Methods
We tested associations of H. pylori seropositivity with incident all-cause and AD dementia and with AD-related mortality among US adults in a retrospective cohort study. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys III, phase 1 (1988–1991) and 1999–2000 linked with Medicare and National Death Index registries, were used (baseline age ≥45 y, follow-up to 2013, Npooled = 5927).Results
A positive association between H. pylori seropositivity and AD mortality was found in men (hazard ratioadj, pooled = 4.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.51–12.41, P = .006), which was replicated for incident AD and all-cause dementia, with hazard ratioadj, pooled = 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.04, P = .035) and hazard ratioadj, III = 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.98, P = .022), respectively. These associations were also positive among higher socioeconomic status groups.Discussion
In sum, H. pylori seropositivity's direct association with AD mortality, all-cause dementia, and AD dementia was restricted to men and to higher socioeconomic status groups. 相似文献10.
Catherine Feart Catherine Helmer Bénédicte Merle François R. Herrmann Cédric Annweiler Jean-François Dartigues Cécile Delcourt Cécilia Samieri 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2017,13(11):1207-1216
Introduction
Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with several chronic conditions; yet, its association with cognitive decline and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been inconsistent.Methods
The study population consisted of 916 participants from the Three-City Bordeaux cohort aged 65+, nondemented at baseline, with assessment of vitamin D status and who were followed for up to 12 years.Results
In multivariate analysis, compared with individuals with 25(OH)D sufficiency (n = 151), participants with 25(OH)D deficiency (n = 218) exhibited a faster cognitive decline. A total of 177 dementia cases (124 AD) occurred: 25(OH)D deficiency was associated with a nearly three-fold increased risk of AD (hazard ratio = 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.37–5.97).Discussion
This large prospective study of French older adults suggests that maintaining adequate vitamin D status in older age could contribute to slow down cognitive decline and to delay or prevent the onset of dementia, especially of AD etiology. 相似文献11.
Heather M. Snyder William R. Perlman Robert Egge Maria C. Carrillo 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(4):522-531
Introduction
The National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease stresses the need for public-private partnerships to be coordinated and cooperative to accelerate the state of research and reach the ultimate goal of preventing and effectively treating Alzheimer's disease by the year 2025.Methods
The Alzheimer's Association, in collaboration with the International Alzheimer's disease Research Funder Consortium, compiles this annually updated compendium to centralize this inventory of partnerships in an effort to synergize these activities.Results
This article reflects the 2017 landscape of nonprofit organizations who engage in public-private partnerships to promote and support dementia research.Discussion
The private-public partnerships in the Alzheimer's disease community continue to increase, addressing much needed complex challenges in the field. 相似文献12.
Shoichi Sasaki 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(12):1615-1622
Introduction
The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of the coexistence of parkinsonism in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods
Outpatients were evaluated with Mini–Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, NIA-AA criteria, MRI, and 123I-IMP SPECT (3D-SSP). Parkinsonism in patients diagnosed with MCI (Mini–Mental State Examination ≥24, n = 63) or mild AD (Mini–Mental State Examination 20–23, n = 43) was examined using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale–III and 123I-FP-CIT dopamine transporter SPECT.Results
One hundred six patients (60–97 years) were enrolled. Fifty-six patients (52.8%) were diagnosed as having concomitant parkinsonism with rigidity and resting tremor and dopamine transporter reduction in the basal ganglia. The mean (SD) age (n = 56) was 80.6 (6.1) years, significantly older than patients without parkinsonism [77.6 (7.0) years, n = 50] (P < .05). The mean (SD) UPDRS–III score was 5.8 (2.4).Conclusion
The prevalence rate of the coexistence of mild parkinsonism in MCI or mild AD may be higher than previously recognized. 相似文献13.
Coronary heart disease,heart failure,and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Frank J. Wolters Reffat A. Segufa Sirwan K.L. Darweesh Daniel Bos Mohammad Arfan Ikram Behnam Sabayan Albert Hofman Sanaz Sedaghat 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(11):1493-1504
Introduction
Cardiovascular risk factors are closely linked with dementia risk, but whether heart disease predisposes to dementia is uncertain.Methods
We systematically reviewed the literature and meta-analyzed risk estimates from longitudinal studies reporting the association of coronary heart disease (CHD) or heart failure (HF) with risk of dementia.Results
We identified 16 studies (1,309,483 individuals) regarding CHD, and seven studies (1,958,702 individuals) about HF. A history of CHD was associated with a 27% increased risk of dementia (pooled relative risk [RR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.27 [1.07–1.50]), albeit with considerable heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 80%). HF was associated with 60% increased dementia risk (pooled RR 1.60 [1.19–2.13]) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 59%). Among prospective population-based cohorts, pooled estimates were similar (for CHD, RR 1.26 [1.06–1.49], nine studies; and HF, RR 1.80 [1.41–2.31], four studies) and highly consistent (I2 = 0%).Conclusion
CHD and HF are associated with an increased risk of dementia. 相似文献14.
Richard A. Goodman Kimberly A. Lochner Madhav Thambisetty Thomas S. Wingo Samuel F. Posner Shari M. Ling 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2017,13(1):28-37
Introduction
Rapid growth of the older adult population requires greater epidemiologic characterization of dementia. We developed national prevalence estimates of diagnosed dementia and subtypes in the highest risk United States (US) population.Methods
We analyzed Centers for Medicare & Medicaid administrative enrollment and claims data for 100% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries enrolled during 2011–2013 and age ≥68 years as of December 31, 2013 (n = 21.6 million).Results
Over 3.1 million (14.4%) beneficiaries had a claim for a service and/or treatment for any dementia subtype. Dementia not otherwise specified was the most common diagnosis (present in 92.9%). The most common subtype was Alzheimer's (43.5%), followed by vascular (14.5%), Lewy body (5.4%), frontotemporal (1.0%), and alcohol induced (0.7%). The prevalence of other types of diagnosed dementia was 0.2%.Discussion
This study is the first to document concurrent prevalence of primary dementia subtypes among this US population. The findings can assist in prioritizing dementia research, clinical services, and caregiving resources. 相似文献15.
Pamela L. Lutsey Jeffrey R. Misialek Thomas H. Mosley Rebecca F. Gottesman Naresh M. Punjabi Eyal Shahar Richard MacLehose Rachel P. Ogilvie David Knopman Alvaro Alonso 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(2):157-166
Introduction
This study tested the hypotheses that late-midlife obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and short and long sleep duration are associated with dementia over 15 years of follow-up.Methods
A total of 1667 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants underwent in-home polysomnography (1996–1998) and were followed for dementia. Dementia was defined by (1) hospitalization diagnosis codes (1996–2012) and (2) a comprehensive neurocognitive examination (2011–2013) with adjudication.Results
OSA and sleep duration were not associated with risk of incident dementia. When using adjudicated outcomes, severe OSA (≥30 vs. <5 apnea-hypopnea events/hour) was associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia (risk ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.35 [1.06–5.18]) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (1.66 [1.03–2.68]); associations were attenuated with cardiovascular risk factor adjustment. Sleeping <7 versus 8 to ≤9 hours was associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia (2.00 [1.03–3.86]).Discussion
When adjudicated outcome definitions were used, late-midlife OSA and short sleep duration were associated with all-cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia in later life. 相似文献16.
Paul K. Crane Emily Trittschuh Shubhabrata Mukherjee Andrew J. Saykin R. Elizabeth Sanders Eric B. Larson Susan M. McCurry Wayne McCormick James D. Bowen Thomas Grabowski Mackenzie Moore Julianna Bauman Alden L. Gross C. Dirk Keene Thomas D. Bird Laura E. Gibbons Jesse Mez 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2017,13(12):1307-1316
Introduction
There may be biologically relevant heterogeneity within typical late-onset Alzheimer's dementia.Methods
We analyzed cognitive data from people with incident late-onset Alzheimer's dementia from a prospective cohort study. We determined individual averages across memory, visuospatial functioning, language, and executive functioning. We identified domains with substantial impairments relative to that average. We compared demographic, neuropathology, and genetic findings across groups defined by relative impairments.Results
During 32,286 person-years of follow-up, 869 people developed Alzheimer's dementia. There were 393 (48%) with no domain with substantial relative impairments. Some participants had isolated relative impairments in memory (148, 18%), visuospatial functioning (117, 14%), language (71, 9%), and executive functioning (66, 8%). The group with isolated relative memory impairments had higher proportions with ≥ APOE ε4 allele, more extensive Alzheimer's-related neuropathology, and higher proportions with other Alzheimer's dementia genetic risk variants.Discussion
A cognitive subgrouping strategy may identify biologically distinct subsets of people with Alzheimer's dementia. 相似文献17.
Hugh C. Hendrie Mengjie Zheng Kathleen A. Lane Roberta Ambuehl Christianna Purnell Shanshan Li Frederick W. Unverzagt Michael D. Murray Ashok Balasubramanyam Chris M. Callahan Sujuan Gao 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(12):1572-1579
Introduction
Changes in glucose levels may represent a powerful metabolic indicator of dementia in African-Americans with diabetes. It is unclear whether these changes also occur in Caucasians.Methods
A secondary data analysis using electronic medical records from 5228 African-Americans and Caucasians aged ≥65 years was carried out. Mixed effects models with repeated serum glucose measurements were used to compare changes in glucose levels between African-Americans and Caucasian patients with and without incident dementia.Results
African-Americans and Caucasians with diabetes had significantly different changes in glucose levels by dementia status (P < .0001). African-Americans experienced a significant decline in glucose levels before the dementia diagnosis (estimated glucose decline 1.3421 mg/dL per year, P < .0001) than those who did not develop dementia. Caucasians with and without dementia showed stable glucose levels over time (P = .3071).Discussion
Significant changes in glucose levels precede dementia in African-American patients with diabetes but not in Caucasians. 相似文献18.
Lidia Sarro Nirubol Tosakulwong Christopher G. Schwarz Jonathan Graff-Radford Scott A. Przybelski Timothy G. Lesnick Samantha M. Zuk Robert I. Reid Mekala R. Raman Bradley F. Boeve Tanis J. Ferman David S. Knopman Giancarlo Comi Massimo Filippi Melissa E. Murray Joseph E. Parisi Dennis W. Dickson Ronald C. Petersen Kejal Kantarci 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2017,13(3):257-266
Introduction
Cerebrovascular lesions on MRI are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, but less is known about their frequency and impact on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).Methods
White-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and infarcts on MRI were assessed in consecutive DLB (n = 81) and AD dementia (n = 240) patients and compared to age-matched and sex-matched cognitively normal subjects (CN) from a population-based cohort.Results
DLB had higher WMH volume compared to CN, and WMH volume was higher in the occipital and posterior periventricular regions in DLB compared to AD. Higher WMH volume was associated with history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes but not with clinical disease severity in DLB. Frequency of infarcts in DLB was not different from CN and AD dementia.Discussion
In DLB, WMH volume is higher than AD and CN and appears to be primarily associated with history of vascular disease. 相似文献19.
Rachel F. Buckley Elizabeth C. Mormino Rebecca E. Amariglio Michael J. Properzi Jennifer S. Rabin Yen Ying Lim Kathryn V. Papp Heidi I.L. Jacobs Samantha Burnham Bernard J. Hanseeuw Vincent Doré Annette Dobson Colin L. Masters Michael Waller Christopher C. Rowe Paul Maruff Michael C. Donohue Dorene M. Rentz Reisa A. Sperling 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(9):1193-1203
Introduction
Our objective was to investigate the effect of sex on cognitive decline within the context of amyloid β (Aβ) burden and apolipoprotein E genotype.Methods
We analyzed sex-specific effects on Aβ-positron emission tomography, apolipoprotein, and rates of change on the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite-5 across three cohorts, such as the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle, and Harvard Aging Brain Study (n = 755; clinical dementia rating = 0; age (standard deviation) = 73.6 (6.5); female = 55%). Mixed-effects models of cognitive change by sex, Aβ-positron emission tomography, and apolipoprotein ε4 were examined with quadratic time effects over a median of 4 years of follow-up.Results
Apolipoprotein ε4 prevalence and Aβ burden did not differ by sex. Sex did not directly influence cognitive decline. Females with higher Aβ exhibited faster decline than males. Post hoc contrasts suggested that females who were Aβ and apolipoprotein ε4 positive declined faster than their male counterparts.Discussion
Although Aβ did not differ by sex, cognitive decline was greater in females with higher Aβ. Our findings suggest that sex may play a modifying role on risk of Alzheimer's disease–related cognitive decline. 相似文献20.