紫花地丁烫伤酊治疗大鼠烫伤模型试验

目的评价紫花地丁烫伤酊治疗大鼠浅Ⅱ度烫伤和深Ⅱ度烫伤作用及机制。方法预试验确定浅Ⅱ度烫伤和深Ⅱ度烫伤标准;SD大鼠分组后连续给药21 d,与给药后第7、14和21天观察创面结痂时间、测定创面结痂面积、计算创面愈合率和脱痂愈合时间,免疫组化法检查创面组织修复中Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原表达。结果紫花地丁烫伤酊可减少浅Ⅱ度及深Ⅱ度烫伤创面结痂面积、提高烫伤创面愈合率;减少浅Ⅱ度和深Ⅱ度烫伤创面脱痂时间;升高深Ⅱ度烫伤创面组织中Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达;降低深Ⅱ度烫伤创面组织中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达。结论紫花地丁烫伤酊具有治疗浅Ⅱ度和深Ⅱ度烫伤作用,其作用机制与升高创面组织中Ⅲ型胶原表达,降低Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达有关。     

茶蛤烧伤膏药效学研究

目的研究外用茶蛤烧伤膏在大白鼠、小白鼠烫伤病理模型中的药效。方法外用茶蛤烧伤膏由儿茶、煅蛤壳等5味中药,以黄凡士林为基质调膏而成,质量分数有55%,80%及110%3种。选用Wistar大白鼠、小白鼠,分别进行大白鼠烫伤性感染试验、小白鼠二甲苯致炎试验、大白鼠足趾肿胀试验、去肾上腺大白鼠足趾肿胀试验及药物体外抑菌试验。结果 55%和80%外用茶蛤烧伤膏给药组与金霉素软膏给药组的烫伤愈合率无显著性差异(P>0.05);对组织胺和新鲜蛋白液所致足趾肿胀均有明显抑制作用,其效果与消炎痛相近。结论外用茶蛤烧伤膏能明显促进烫伤愈合,具有抗烧伤和生肌作用。     

芩柏复方烫伤膏对大鼠实验性烫伤模型的保护作用

目的:研究芩柏复方烫伤膏对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型烫伤创面的保护作用。方法:SD大鼠100只,建立大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,随机分为5组:模型对照组,芩柏复方烫伤膏组(0.4,0.2,0.1 g浸膏/g生药),湿润烧伤膏组(0.32 g浸膏/g生药),创面外用药物,每天一次,连续21 d。在伤后不同时间点取材,测定药物对烫伤创面的结痂面积和脱痂愈合时间、病理组织学和微血管密度(MVD)的影响;测定药物对烫伤大鼠血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果:芩柏复方烫伤膏(0.4,0.2,0.1 g浸膏/g生药)在不同时相点可不同程度地减少大鼠烫伤创面结痂面积,明显缩短脱痂愈合时间;改善烫伤创面病理组织学变化;升高烫伤创面MVD含量;降低烫伤大鼠血清升高的MDA含量,升高SOD水平。结论:芩柏复方烫伤膏对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤具有良好的保护作用,能明显促进大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合,改善创面病理组织学的变化,其机制可能与促进创面微血管生成,降低烫伤大鼠血清MDA含量,提高SOD活力,抗脂质过氧化等有关。     

广地龙凝胶剂治疗烫伤的药效学研究

目的探讨广地龙凝胶剂治疗小鼠皮肤深Ⅱ度烫伤的效果。方法以卡泊姆．940为基质制备广地龙凝胶荆,采用小鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型。以创面愈合率、含水量、羟脯氨酸含量作为指标,评价广地龙无糖凝胶、广地龙含糖凝胶的疗效。结果广地龙含糖凝胶能够促进烫伤小鼠皮肤愈合。减轻小鼠烫伤组织水肿程度。结论广地龙凝胶剂具有促进小鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合的作用。     

刘氏烫伤膏对深Ⅱ度烫伤新西兰兔创面治疗作用的研究

目的研究刘氏烫伤膏对深Ⅱ度烫伤新西兰兔创面治疗作用。方法将新西兰兔麻醉后,采用恒温水浴法复制深Ⅱ度烫伤模型;每只动物采用自身对照法,各有5 个烫伤部位,分别给予生理盐水、5% 磺胺嘧啶锌软膏、刘氏烫伤膏低、中、高剂量;采用透明硫酸纸法比较各组动物烫伤创面愈合率;比较5 个部位创面完全愈合时间;取创缘组织制作病理切片,苏木精-伊红染色,按照组织学标准定量评价,比较各组创面愈合情况。结果在给药后第4,7,10,14,21 和28 天,与阴性对照组比较,阳性对照组、刘氏烫伤膏各剂量组创面愈合率明显提高（P 〈0. 01）;创面完全愈合时间缩短（P 〈 0. 05）;第7 和21 天各组病理组织切片评分之间无显著性差别（P 〉0.05）,但第14 天各组组织病理切片表皮结构、胶原束和皮肤结构、表皮再生、粒细胞浸润评分有显著性差别（P 〈0. 05）,阴性对照组评分低于阳性对照组、刘氏烫伤膏各剂量组。结论刘氏烫伤膏可明显提高深Ⅱ度烫伤新西兰兔创面愈合率,缩短创面愈合时间,加速创面愈合。     

烫伤治疗和探讨

烫伤是各种热力因素作用于人体而致伤的外科常见病之一。我国每年因各种原因发生的烫伤患者约占总人口的7‰到10‰。患者烫伤后,尽管病情复杂,变化多端,常需要多种措施综合治疗,但是其中心问题仍然离不开创面的处理。本文旨在探讨烫伤的治疗,就烫伤治疗作一综述。     

烫伤散治疗Ⅱ°烫伤30例临床观察

自1990年～1997年,应用自制烫伤散治疗烫伤30例,收到满意效果,介绍如下。1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 经治患者30例,其中Ⅱ°烫伤29例(浅Ⅱ°27例,深Ⅱ°2例),Ⅲ°烫伤1例,年龄出生10天～74岁,烫伤面积约占人体总面积的0.5％～4％。     

烫伤膜的药效学研究

目的：观察烫伤膜的抗感染和促创面愈合作用。方法：选择健康新西兰兔用蒸汽烫伤制成烫伤病理模型，烫伤膜予以治疗。结果：烫伤膜具有明显的促进创面愈合、抗炎、透气、皮肤刺激性小等作用。结论：烫伤膜是一种值得进一步研究开发和推广应用的外用药物。     

汽油治疗烫伤

我县农村很多群众烫伤后,自用煤油滴于患处治疗,效果良好,由此启示,采用汽油滴治烫伤,疗效很好。办法:将汽油滴于烫伤部,每日五次。(包括水泡和感染部,水泡用消毒针头挑破再滴)按桂世初氏手掌法估计烫伤面积,从70年11月至79     

冰黄凝胶烫伤膏对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合的实验研究

目的：观察冰黄凝胶烫伤膏对大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤创面愈合影响。方法：采用大鼠深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,实验组创面外用冰黄凝胶烫伤膏,通过伤后不同时间点创面取材,检测创面组织新生毛细血管数目,创面组织含水量,创面愈合率及组织病理学变化,以湿润烫伤膏做阳性对照,基质乳膏做阴性对照。结果：烫伤创面外用冰黄凝胶烫伤膏后创面新生毛细血管数目和创面愈合率均高于烫伤对照组,而创面组织含水量低于烫伤对照组。结论：冰黄凝胶烫伤膏可减轻烫伤创面早期水肿,促进烫伤创面愈合。并且对于创面修复过程肉芽组织中新生毛细血管数量与形态具有良好的调节作用。     

药剂学实验教学改革探讨

药剂学是药学专业中比较重要的专业课,其中药剂学实验在培养学生的创新能力和主动能动性方面显得极为重要。因此本文通过讨论传统药剂学实验模式,从实验内容、教学模式、实验报告的完成方式及实验结果的考核方式等方面提出了几点意见。     

Dose-time-response cumulative multinomial generalized linear model

In toxicological and pharmaceutical experiments, a type of quantal bioassay experiment is designed in which a response, such as mortality, in a group of animals is recorded over time points under different dose levels in the course of the experiment. The application of the typical logit and probit analyses is no longer valid in this situation because it neglects the dependency on time and also the possible interaction of time and dose concentration on the response in the experiment. In this paper, a dose-time-response model is proposed for this type of experiment and a cumulative multinomial generalized linear model that incorporates time and the other experimental conditions as covariates is developed by the theory of maximum likelihood estimation. Both the point estimator and confidence bands for ED50(t), the concentration of a toxicant that will kill 50% of the animals by a specific time, t; as well as LT50(d), the time to 50% mortalities for a specific concentration, d, is then formulated in closed form from the newly proposed dose-time-response model. Finally, the newly proposed model is considered for a real data set to demonstrate the application.     

A linear mixed-effects calibration in qualifying experiments

In many applications, controls are used to monitor the process or experiment and to assess whether the process is in control or the experiment is valid. In this case, the traditional fixed-effects calibration is usually not adequate, but a mixed-effects model is appropriate. In this article, a linear mixed-effects calibration model is considered to qualify an experiment. Two estimating methods for the controls based on maximum likelihood and restricted maximum likelihood are proposed. The bias and mean squared error performances are studied by simulation. Five different methods to construct confidence intervals for the controls are compared. A dataset is used to demonstrate the advantages of the mixed-effects model.     

一种纳米粒细胞动力学的生理药动学模型的建立与解析

目的：以纳米粒与细胞的相互作用过程为基础,建立一种纳米粒细胞动力学的生理药动学模型。方法：以受体介导的纳米粒细胞摄取过程为基础,建立描述纳米粒细胞摄取和细胞清除的动力学模型,对纳米粒的细胞摄取和清除数据进行拟合,获取模型参数,并将拟合结果与实验数据进行对比。结果：建立了一种包含纳米粒隔室和纳米粒清除隔室的动力学模型,并且获得了细胞内纳米粒含量和纳米粒消除量的数值计算方法。通过对白蛋白纳米粒的细胞摄取数据和细胞清除数据的拟合,获取了模型参数,并且模型的拟合结果与实验测定结果相符。结论：该模型能较好地对纳米粒的细胞摄取-细胞清除的动力学进行模拟。同房室模型相比,该模型含有与细胞生理因素有关的模型参数,因此该模型在对纳米粒多细胞动力学研究中具有较大的优势。     

药物制剂稳定性实验教学改革

药物制剂稳定性实验是药剂学实验课的重要内容之一,为了解决以维生素c或青霉素G钾盐作为模型药物而存在的实验时间过长、青霉素过敏等问题,作者进行了稳定性实验教学改革,在预实验的基础上,选择替莫唑胺作为实验的模型药物,并对整个实验进行了整体设计安排,通过本科生的课堂实践,收到了良好的效果,作为本次实验改革的教师,对本次教改实验谈一下体会。     

Observable tumours, risk assessment and experimental design

The first goal of this article is to outline a design for an efficient experiment for testing each of many chemicals for carcinogenic potential by dermal exposure, including a risk assessment when appropriate. The second is to validate a general mathematical model for the dose-response function in this situation by using the results from a large experiment in skin painting done by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. These two goals are related because the general model is used as a guide in the choice of an efficient design for testing the many chemicals on which information is required.     

Dose-Time-Response Cumulative Multinomial Generalized Linear Model

In toxicological and pharmaceutical experiments, a type of quantal bioassay experiment is designed in which a response, such as mortality, in a group of animals is recorded over time points under different dose levels in the course of the experiment. The application of the typical logit and probit analyses is no longer valid in this situation because it neglects the dependency on time and also the possible interaction of time and dose concentration on the response in the experiment. In this paper, a dose–time-response model is proposed for this type of experiment and a cumulative multinomial generalized linear model that incorporates time and the other experimental conditions as covariates is developed by the theory of maximum likelihood estimation. Both the point estimator and confidence bands for ED₅₀ (t), the concentration of a toxicant that will kill 50% of the animals by a specific time, t; as well as LT₅₀ (d), the time to 50% mortalities for a specific concentration, d, is then formulated in closed form from the newly proposed dose-time-response model. Finally, the newly proposed model is considered for a real data set to demonstrate the application.     

程序变温法确定药物降解反应级数

通过电子计算机模拟程序升温加速试验,从理论上阐明了常规的程序升温法不能确定药物降解反应级数的原因是因为同一组数据可由不同的反应级数和活化能的组合所拟合;解决这一问题的关键是在一个变温程序中包含升温和降温部分;据此提出了一种新的程序变温方法(程序升降温法)。利用这种方法,可以真正做到只通过一次程序变温加速试验,就获得包括反应级数在内的药物降解的动力学参数,且确定反应级数的能力与恒温法相近似。     

Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride (MCI-2016) on experimental amnesia (passive avoidance failure) in rodents

To further predict the possible activity on memory disorders, the effect of MCI-2016 (bifemelane hydrochloride) was examined using the passive avoidance (PAR) failure technique as an experimental model of amnesia. The amnesia was produced either by post training treatments of electroconvulsive shock (ECS), scopolamine (mice) and cycloheximide or by pre-test injection of scopolamine (rats). In ECS-PAR failure model, the retention test was carried out 3 hr (3 hr experiment) or 24 hr (24 hr experiment) after ECS. MCI-2016 showed a significant improvement when administered just after ECS (3 hr experiment, 30 mg/kg, i.p.) or 0.5 hr before the retention test (24 hr experiment, 10-30 mg/kg, i.p.). Cahopantenate was only active in the 3 hr experiment (500 mg/kg, i.p.), and piracetam was rather active in the 24 hr experiment (60 mg/kg, i.p.). MCI-2016 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) prevented the scopolamine-induced PAR-failure. In this model, physostigmine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a tendency to improve the failure. In another scopolamine-induced PAR failure model in mice, all of the test drugs showed a significant improvement at different dose levels. The effect of MCI-2016 (25-100 mg/kg, p.o.) was superior to those of piracetam, aniracetam and choline chloride. Higher doses of MCI-2016 were required to improve the cycloheximide-induced PAR failure. Considering the experimental conditions and results, it may be suggested that MCI-2016 ameliorates the amnesia possibly through its influence on memory consolidation and retrieval processes.     

探究性实验教学模式的构建及实施

传统的验证性实验教学已经不适应学生科研素质的培养,建立一种可以培养学生创新能力和科研能力的实验教学模式十分必要,本论文通过与发达国家实验教学的比较以及对探究性实验教学内涵的探讨,探索了探究性实验教学模式。通过对传统验证性实验教学的改革,能够培养出更多具有科学素养的创新性人才。