人格维度与自我和谐的相关研究

目的：探讨人格度与自我和谐之间的关系。方法：对991名被试施测人格量表(QZPS)和自我和谐量表(SCCS)，通过回归和相关分析探讨两者之间的关系。结果：所有的人格维度和小因素都至少与自我和谐量表的一个分量表(自我与经验的不和谐、自我灵活性、或自我刻板性)存在显著相关(r=0．11-0．64)，而且行事风格、才干及淡泊与自我不和谐呈正相关(r=0.11-0．54)，其它人格因素与自我不和谐负相关(r=0．11-0．58)。控制人格因素间的相关之后，进入每个预测自我和谐回归方程的人格因素分别为6-9个(β值-0．08-0．32)，其中绝大多数都与相关关系一致。结论：人格维度对自我和谐有一定的预测能力，其中外向、善良和人际关系等人格维度有利于个体的自我和谐，而行事风格和才干以及淡泊因素上的高分者则既表现较高的自我不和谐，又表现较高的自我的灵活性。     

军校医学生生活事件、应付方式与心理健康的相关分析

目的 :探讨军校医学生生活事件、应付方式与心理健康状况之间的关系。方法 :采用SCL - 90、青少年生活事件量表 (ASLEC)、应付方式问卷测试某军校医学生 30 9名。结果 :SCL - 90各因子与生活事件大部分因子平均刺激量呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,与成熟应付方式呈负相关 ,与不成熟应付方式呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。生活事件的应激量也与成熟应付方式呈负相关或弱相关 ,与不成熟应付方式呈正相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :心理健康水平与生活事件和应付方式有关     

青少年创伤经历与抑郁症状及人格特征的关系

目的:探讨青少年创伤经历、抑郁症状及其人格特征之间的关系。方法:选取武汉市(10～17岁)中小学生5793例,使用儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ)测评创伤经历,流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)筛检被试的抑郁症状,大五人格量表简版(NEO-FFI)评定五种人格特征的水平。结果:本调查中青少年抑郁症状(CES-D≥16分认为有抑郁症状)的检出率为16. 2%(937/5793)。CTQ总分及各维度得分与CES-D总分及各维度得分均呈正相关; CES-D总分及各维度得分与NEO-FFI神经质人格得分均存在正相关,与外向性、开放性、宜人性和严谨性人格得分均存在负相关(均P 0. 05)。人格特征在早期创伤和抑郁症状之间存在部分中介效应(β=0. 22,95%CI:0. 19～0. 25,P 0. 001),中介效应占总效应的比例为32. 4%。结论:创伤经历与青少年抑郁症状呈正相关,人格特征可能在两者之间起中介作用。     

海洛因依赖者人格特征分析及与首次吸毒年龄的关系

目的:分析海洛因依赖者与正常人群的人格特征的不同特点,探讨人格特征与首次吸毒年龄的关系。方法:采用气质性格问卷(Temperament and character inventory,TCI)分别对100例海洛因依赖者与88例正常对照者进行人格评定。结果:①与正常对照组相比,海洛因依赖组的探求新奇性和伤害回避性得分高于对照组(P<0.05),而海洛因依赖组合作性、自我定向维度得分均数低于对照组(P<0.01)。②海洛因依赖者的TCI问卷不同维度的得分与首吸年龄无相关性,P>0.05。结论:①寻求刺激、冲动、探索、看事情悲观、害怕不确定、易疲劳等是海洛因依赖的易感人格特征。②首次吸毒年龄与TCI的不同人格维度之间无相关性。     

大学生在人格问卷测谎量表上的得分与反应时的关系

目的：探索大学生在人格问卷测谎量表上的得分与反应时之间的关系，并且验证测谎量表得分与其他人格维度的关系。方法：采用“艾森克人格问卷”和“明尼苏达多相人格测试”中的测谎量表，对132名高校学生进行测查。结果：大学生在测谎量表上的得分与反应时间存在正相关（P〈0．05），测谎量表得分高的被试反应时间显著长于得分低的被试的反应时间（P〈0．01）。此外，测谎量表的得分与神经质存在负相关（P〈0．01），与精神质存在负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：本研究发现了反应时与测谎量表得分的关系．为直接测量手段引入传统量表测验做了一定的铺垫。     

独生子女大学生森田质性格与人格和心理健康的关系

目的探讨独生子女大学生森田质性格与其人格特征和心理健康的关系。方法采用森田质性格调查表、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对大学生独生子女进行测试。结果 1森田质性格在求助方式与父亲性格因素上存在差异(P0.05或P0.01);2森田质性格与N维度存在显著正相关(r=0.598,P0.01),与E维度存在显著负相关(r=-0.279,P0.01);不同人格类型森田质性格得分上存在显著差异(P0.01);3森田质性格与SCL-90总分、阳性项目数及9个因子都存在显著性相关关系(P0.01);有无明显心理健康问题者在森田质性格得分和N、E、P维度上存在差异。结论独生子女大学生森田质性格与人格特征和心理健康状况密切相关。     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者事件相关电位P300研究

目的 :探讨慢性肾功能衰竭患者事件相关电位P30 0的变化特征。方法 :对 32例慢性肾功能衰竭患者进行事件相关电位P30 0测定并以 30例年龄性别匹配的正常人作对照。结果 :慢性肾功能衰竭患者P30 0潜伏期为 40 0 16± 5 1 36ms,波幅为 7 2 0± 4 71μV ,与正常对照组相比有显著性差异 ;P30 0异常率为 90 %,其中PL延长者占 41%(12例 ) ,PL及Amp均异常者 37%(11例 ) ,仅Amp降低者2 0 %(6例 ) ;P30 0异常 (PL延长及Amp降低 )与代谢异常密切相关 ,随代谢异常改善而改善。结论 :事件相关电位P30 0对慢性肾功能衰竭患者认知功能的评定及治疗效果的观察有一定临床意义。     

人格特征与防御方式的相关研究

目的 :尝试用防御机制解释EPQ各维度的特征。方法 :采用EPQ人格问卷、DSQ防御方式问卷、16PF中的G量表对 2 2 0例成人进行测试。结果 :本样本中EPQ各维度与成熟防御方式均无显著相关 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,N维度和P维度均与不成熟防御方式、中间型防御方式有显著正相关 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :本研究显示 ,可以用防御机制解释EPQ各维度的某些特征。     

人格特征、应付方式与大学生自测健康状况的相关研究

目的:探讨大学生人格特征,应付方式与自测健康状况的关系。方法:应用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ),应付方式问卷,自测健康评定量表对567名某高校大学生进行调查。结果:性格的内外向维度,积极的应付方式与自测健康呈正相关,而神经质维度,精神质维度及消极的应付方式与自测健康呈负相关。多元回归分析结果表明,人格的内外向和神经质维度,解决问题,求助,自责是影响大学生自测健康状况的主要因素。结论:大学生健康状况与人格、应付方式有明显相关。     

年轻已婚女性人格、社会支持与婚姻质量的相关研究

目的探索人格特质、社会支持与婚姻质量的相关关系。方法使用五因素人格量表、社会支持量表与婚姻调试测定量表,对126名年轻的已婚女性进行横断面问卷调查。结果 1被试婚姻调试平均分低于100分,婚姻失谐风险者占多数(61.91%);2有子女的已婚女性婚姻调试得分显著低于尚未有子女的已婚女性(t=-3.16,P0.001);中低学历者婚姻调试得分显著低于高学历者(F=-29.35～-49.14,P0.001);3神经质与婚姻质量显著负相关(r=-0.24,P0.01),经验开放性及社会支持各维度均与婚姻质量显著正相关(r=0.24～0.30,P0.01)。结论神经质性的人格特点对婚姻有消极影响,良好的社会支持可提升婚姻幸福感。     

P300 and personality: an investigation with the Cloninger's model.

The relationships between P300 and personality have been explored mainly in reference to the model of personality described by Eysenck because of its biological bases. Recently, Cloninger and his colleagues have proposed a model of personality based on four temperaments and three characters. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a 226-item self-questionnaire developed to assess these seven dimensions of personality. In the present study, the relationships between these dimensions of personality and P300 have been investigated in 43 normal subjects. The results show that P300 amplitude is positively correlated with the novelty seeking dimension and negatively correlated with the harm avoidance dimension. In contrast, the other dimensions of the TCI were not related to P300 amplitude. Moreover, P300 latency and reaction time were not associated with the TCI dimensions of personality. This study confirms that personality is related to P300.     

Early maladaptive schemas,temperament and character traits in clinically depressed and previously depressed subjects

The Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) have been suggested as vulnerability markers for depression. One‐ hundred forty clinically depressed subjects(CD), previously depressed subjects(PD) and never depressed (ND) controls completed the YSQ, the TCI and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results showed that CD and PD differed significantly on early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character traits compared with ND. In accordance with previous research, higher levels of harm avoidance and lower levels of self‐directedness were found in CD and in recovered PD. Moreover, CD and PD showed substantial variability in the scores on the YSQ and the TCI when controlling for concurrent depression severity. In multiple regression analyses, YSQ domain scales of disconnection, impaired autonomy, restricted self‐expression and impaired limits emerged as significant predictors of depression severity. Likewise, as concerns TCI higher order scales, high harm avoidance, low self‐directedness and high persistence emerged as significant predictors of depression severity. Harm avoidance was positively related to several early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), whereas self‐directedness was negatively related to a majority of the EMSs. Our findings indicate the presence of maladaptive personality characteristics in CD and PD. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish their causal role in relation to first‐onset and recurrent depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: ? Early maladaptive schemas, high harm [correction made here after initial online publication] avoidance and low self‐directedness may be a part of vulnerability to depression. ? The finding of these personality characteristics in subjects recovered from depression indicates malfunctioning to some degree. ? Addressing such characteristics in therapy should be considered in order to prevent and treat depression from its relapsing and recurring course.     

健康人事件相关电位及心理学相关性研究

目的：探讨不同年龄健康人听觉事件相关电位（ERP）及其与心理测验间关系。方法：对不同年龄组健康者进行听觉ERP检测，以"oddball序列"刺激从Cz点引出P3，测其波幅和潜伏期。对其中30名成人进行韦氏智力量表和记忆量表测验。结果：P3潜伏期以儿童期最短，并随年龄增长逐渐延长，P3波幅儿童期明显高于成年人。成年组P3潜伏期与总智商、记忆商、及某些分测验呈显著负相关，而P3波幅与心理测验无明显相关关系。结论：不同年龄者ERP正常值不同，ERP能够反映智能的某些方面，特别倾向于反映言语和记忆能力。     

Association between cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 polymorphisms and harm avoidance in Japanese.

Polymorphic enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 is expressed not only in the liver but also in the brain and mediates the biotransformation of 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT). We investigated possible association between genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 and individual personality traits, possibly influenced by neurotransmitters. Mentally and physically healthy Japanese subjects were enrolled in this study (n = 352). Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and CYP2C19 genotyping were performed in all subjects. We detected CYP2C19*2 and *3 (http://www.imm.ki.se/CYPalleles/) using Amplichip CYP450 DNA tip. The number of genotypes classified as homozygous extensive metabolizer (EM), heterozygous EM, and poor metabolizer were 113, 181, and 58, respectively. Significant difference was found in TCI score in harm avoidance (HA; F = 3.138, P < 0.05). Post hoc analysis showed that TCI score in harm avoidance in homozygous EM was significantly lower than that in heterozygous EM (P < 0.05) or PM (P < 0.05). In sub-item analyses, HA3 (shyness with strangers, P < 0.01) and HA1 (anticipatory worry, P < 0.05) of TCI scores were significantly different among CYP2C19 genotypes. Meanwhile, there were no differences in TCI scores of novelty seeking (NS; F = 0.350, n.s.), reward dependence (RD; F = 1.080, n.s.), or persistence (P; F = 0.786, n.s.) among CYP2C19 genotypes. This study demonstrated that a significant association between CYP2C19 activity and HA is present in Japanese.     

模拟盗窃者与熟悉现场者在测谎实验中事件相关电位的比较研究

目的：探讨Ｐ３００用于测谎的可行性。方法：志愿者３０人，随机分为模拟盗窃组、熟悉现场组和对照组，模拟组参与模拟盗窃，熟悉现场再曾到过模拟现场，对组未到过现场，以模拟现场的被盗之物照片为相关刺激，并与无关照片组成刺激序列，诱发Ｐ３００，比较两种刺激的Ｐ３００波幅，波面积和潜伏期，并建立判别方程，对每一个体进行判别。结果：模拟组相关照片的Ｐ３００波幅较熟悉组大（Ｐ〈０．００１），判别的准确率为１００％     

躯体形式障碍患者认知功能情况与事件相关电位P300的研究

目的 探讨躯体形式障碍患者认知功能状况与事件相关电位P300特征.方法 随机将年龄在18～65岁之间符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版》(CCMD--3)躯体形式障碍诊断标准患者35例作为实验组,选择35例健康者作为对照组.各组分别给予听觉P300检测和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)筛查实验,将两组结果加以分析、比较.结果 与对照组相比,实验组CZ、PZ点N1、P2、N2、P3波、FZ点P3波及OZ点P2、P3波潜伏期明显延长(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);实验组FZ、CZ、PZ、OZ点波幅明显延长(P＜0.05或0.01);实验组蒙特利尔认知评估量表中7个因子分及总分值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);PZ点潜伏期及波幅与MoCA中7个因子分具有相关性,PZ点潜伏期与各因子分值呈负相关(P＜0.01),波幅则呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 躯体形式障碍患者存在认知功能障碍.P300电位可作为评价躯体形式障碍患者认知状况的客观指标之一应用于临床.     

P300 and time of day: circadian rhythms, food intake, and body temperature

The P300 or P3 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) was obtained from five groups of 24 young adult subjects, with each group measured at a different time of day (8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m., 5 p.m., 8 p.m.). An activity-preference questionnaire was used to ensure that an equitable number of morning- and evening-preferring subjects were obtained for each testing time. P3 measures, physiological (body temperature, heart rate, subjective alertness), and cognitive performance (digit span, prose memory, digit symbol) variables were assessed. P3 amplitude and latency were not affected directly by the time of day. However, P3 amplitude was smaller in subjects who had not eaten within 6 hours of testing relative to subjects who had a recent meal, and P3 latency was correlated negatively with body temperature. The findings suggest that although the P3 ERP is not influenced by circadian rhythms, it is related to recency of food intake and physiological factors which change with time of day.     

抑郁症患者的多导联听觉P3a和P3b事件相关电位研究

目的：研究抑郁症患者的16导联听觉事件相关电位P300的脑区强度分布。方法：选择抑郁症患者27例和正常人30名，用脑诱发电位仪记录受试者16导事件相关电位P3a和P3b，分析受试者在额区、颞区、中央区和顶区的P300幅度分布，比较抑郁症患者和正常对照组的显著差异。结果：抑郁症患者的P3a、P3b幅度的额区／顶区比值较正常对照组都发生显著降低（P〈0．01），颞区／顶区比值也显著降低（P〈0．01），中央区／顶区比值同样显著降低（P〈0．01），另外，抑郁症患者的额1区／额2区P3b幅度比值显著降低。结论：通过多导联记录P300，并分析P300幅度在脑区间的相对强弱关系，将能获得抑郁症患者的异常ERPs特征，并能提示主要相关脑区的功能状况，因此，有助于提高P300诊断抑郁症的特异性水平。     

Cognitive brain potentials and psychological deficits in Alzheimer's dementia and Korsakoff's amnesic syndrome

Auditory-event-related potentials, including the P300 response, were recorded from 20 patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD), 17 patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and 23 age-matched control subjects. Each of the subjects was assessed using a version of the Luria Neuropsychological Investigation. Prolonged P300 latency and reduced P300 latency and reduced P300 amplitude, which are features of normal ageing and which also occur, to a greater degree, in ATD, correlated significantly with degree of impairment of language ability in both Alzheimer patients and controls. On the other hand, the association between P300 latency changes and various tests of memory was not consistent across the three subject groups; there was a significant negative correlation between P300 latency and visual memory in ATD and a significant positive correlation in KS, whereas in controls no significant correlation was found. By contrast, P300 latency and memory for words were significantly negatively correlated in controls, but in neither of the patient groups. Detailed studies of language function may further elucidate the complex relationships between neuropsychological measures and P300 changes in normal ageing and dementia.     

老年糖尿病人P300认知电位改变及相关因素分析

目的：了解老年糖尿病人P300认知电位的改变及与病程、糖代谢及并发症的关系。方法：采用听觉oddball序列刺激的诱发电位方法对50例老年糖尿病人及20例健康老年人进行测试。结果：糖尿病组与对照组比较,糖尿病并腔隙性脑梗塞组与无脑梗塞组比较P300波潜伏期显著延长,P300波波幅显著降低,糖尿病组P300波潜伏期和波幅与病程长短、糖化血红蛋白及有无高血压病无明显相关。结论：老年糖尿病人比正常老年人P300波潜伏期明显延长,P300波波幅明显降低,合并腔隙性梗塞可能是其P300波改变的主要原因之一。