他克莫司国内首例换脸术患者的个体化用药

目的:研究他克莫司(FK506)在换脸术患者体内药动学特征及规律,并以此为依据制定个体化给药方案,确保免疫抑制剂FK506用药的安全有效.方法:口服FK506达稳态后,给药前和给药后0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,4,6,8 和12 h 抽取全血样品,采用MEIA法进行全血药物浓度测定,以DAS2.0药动学软件程序拟合求算FK506在体内药动学参数;基于此临床药动学特征,结合该患者临床疗效和不良反应制定合理安全的给药方案,总结出适合该患者的治疗窗.结果:口服FK506达稳态时,其主要的药动学参数:达峰时间Tmax为1.5 h,最大全血浓度Cmax为51.4 ng/mL,消除半衰期T1/2为13.4 h,曲线下面积AUC0-12为600.58 ng/(mL·h);治疗窗谷浓度范围控制在15～20 ng/mL ,活检检验和实验室检查结果显示FK506的剂量控制在安全的治疗窗内,移植术后未出现严重的排异反应和明显的免疫抑制剂的毒副作用.结论:FK506治疗窗谷浓度范围15～20 ng/mL具有良好的免疫抑制效果,此浓度范围既可满足此患者免疫抑制作用,又可减少FK506的毒副作用.     

普乐可复在肾移植患者体内的药代动力学

目的　了解肾移植患者体内普乐可复 (FK5 0 6 )药代动力学特征 ,为临床制定个体化用药方案提供依据 .方法　采用微粒子酶免分析仪测定用药前后不同时间全血中 FK5 0 6浓度 ,以 3P97药动学程序拟合求算 FK5 0 6药动学参数 .结果　在患者 po FK5 0 6 (9m g/ 12 h)达稳定态后 FK5 0 6在体内处置为一室开放模型 ,药动力学参数 Tmax,ρmax,T1 /2 ke,AUC分别为 1.2 h,75 .3mg· L- 1 ,3.9h和 5 2 6 .6 mg· h· L- 1 ,全血浓度波动差值为 6 3.4mg· L- 1 .结论　为降低 FK5 0 6全血浓度波动范围 ,采用 8h一次 po FK5 0 6更为适宜 ,同时应加强 FK5 0 6血药浓度监测 ,确保用药安全和有效     

普乐可复在国内首例亲体小肠移植患者的个体化用药

目的　了解普乐可复 (FK5 0 6 )在亲体小肠移植患者体内药代动力学的规律 ,为临床小肠移植患者制定个体化用药方案 .方法　在患者 FK5 0 6血药浓度达稳态条件下 ,于一个给药周期 (τ)内间隔采集患者全血 11次 ,以微粒子酶免分析法 (MEIA)测定 FK5 0 6全血浓度 ,以 3P97药动学程序拟合求算 FK5 0 6在患者体内的药动学参数 ,以该患者个体的药动学参数为依据 ,为其实施个体化用药 .结果　在患者 poFK5 0 6 (5 mg· 12 h- 1 )稳态时 ,FK5 0 6在该患者体内的处置为一室开放模型 ,其主要的药动学参数 :达峰时间 Tmax、最大全血浓度ρmax、消除相半衰期 t1 / 2 ke、曲线下面积 AUC分别为1.4h,2 5 .1μg· L- 1 ,8.8h和 35 5 .7μg· h- 1 ·L- 1 ,FK5 0 6全血浓度波动差值为 13.7μg· L- 1 .结论　为降低 FK5 0 6全血浓度波动范围 ,采用 8h1次 po FK5 0 6更为适宜 ,同时应加强 FK5 0 6血药浓度监测 ,确保用药安全和有效     

FK506的药代动力学及临床研究

目的 探讨FK506血药浓度与急性排斥反应及毒副反应的关系。方法 10例肾移植术后患者,予FK506为基础的免疫抑制治疗,首次服药后进行药代动力学测定,并记录术后FK506的用药量、急性排斥反应、药物毒副反应的发生情况。结果 峰值时间t（peak）为（1.4797±1.2174）h,分布相半衰期（t1/2β beta）为（10.8065±12.0799）h,平均滞留时间（MRT）为（8.0535±4.4750）h。2例病人在术后1月内发生急性排斥反应; 2例病人在术后1月内发生糖尿病。术后1月内急性排斥反应组与非排斥反应组的FK506浓度无明显差异,术后1月内糖尿病组的FK506浓度显著高于非糖尿病组。结论 我国肾移植成人患者口服FK506药代动力学个体差异大,用药应个体化;FK506具有很强的免疫抑制效应,能很好地预防急性排斥反应;在一定的浓度范围内,FK506的血药浓度与急性排斥反应的发生没有相关性,但随着药物浓度的增加,FK506的毒副反应明显增加;小剂量低谷值浓度用药能取得良好疗效。     

肾移植患者低FK-506血药浓度与早期急性排斥的关系研究

目的 探讨肾移植患者低FK506血药浓度与早期急性排斥发生的关系.方法 本文通过EIISA方法检查来自30例肾移植患者349份血标本.根据血清肌酐的升高来判断器官排斥的发生,12例被考虑有排斥,其中5个病人通过活检确证,移植术后一个月或到第一次排斥的排斥患者与非排斥患者进行FK506血药浓度分析.结果 活检诊断的排斥患者比非排斥患者的FK506血药浓度要低(P＝0.03),所有排斥患者比非排斥患者的FK506血药浓度同样要低(P＝0.04).活检诊断的排斥患者平均血药浓度为5.09±1.16 ng/mL(±s),而非排斥患者为9.20±3.52 ng/mL;排斥患者平均FK506血药浓度为5.57±1.47 ng/mL,而非排斥患者为9.20±3.52 ng/mL.55%排斥患者血药浓度为0～10 ng/mL,血药浓度为10～15 ng/mL时没有观察到排斥患者. 结论 肾移植术后第一个月内血药浓度与肾移植早期急性排斥有显著性相关.低FK506血药浓度患者更易于发生排斥.肾移植术后第一个月内FK506血药浓度应大于10 ng/mL.     

甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的人体药代动力学

目的:研究甲磺司特活性代谢物4-(3-乙氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-丙烯酰苯胺(M-1)在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学特征。方法:10名健康志愿者男女各半,单次及多次口服甲磺司特颗粒剂后,采用HPLC-MS法测定人血浆中甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的浓度,计算药代动力学参数。结果:单次口服甲磺司特颗粒剂100 mg后,甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的血药达峰浓度为(9.84±2.41)ng/mL;达峰时间为(3.0±1.3)h;AUC为(80.58±10.49)ng.h/mL;消除半衰期为(6.5±1.4)h。多次口服甲磺司特颗粒剂后,甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的血药达峰浓度为(14.08±1.79)ng/mL;达峰时间为(2.5±1.2)h;AUC为(82.20±12.17)ng.h/mL;消除半衰期为(8.3±1.6)h。结论:多次给药后甲磺司特活性代谢物M-1的人体药代动力学参数与单次给药的药代动力学参数基本一致,AUC与tmax均与性别无关。     

头孢拉定对黄芩苷大鼠体内药动学的影响

目的研究头孢拉定对黄芩苷在大鼠体内药动学的影响。方法用HPLC-ECD方法测定头孢拉定和黄芩苷合并给药组与黄芩苷单独给药组黄芩苷在大鼠体内的血药浓度,比较两者的药动学参数。结果头孢拉定和黄芩苷合并给药组黄芩苷Cmax为(782.63±469.37)ng/mL,AUC0~24h为(8407.86±3476.14)ng/mL·h;黄芩苷单独给药组黄芩苷Cmax为(2645.62±601.42)ng/mL,AUC0~24h为(28952.90±5731.42)ng/mL·h。结论两者药动学参数存在显著性差异(P<0.05),口服头孢拉定严重降低了黄芩苷的血药浓度。提示临床应合理用药。     

国产和进口格列吡嗪片在健康人体内的药动学比较

目的:比较国产和进口格列吡嗪片在健康志愿者体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄. 方法:健康男性志愿受试者12例,单剂量口服国产和进口格列吡嗪片10 mg,用标准二阶段交叉设计自身对照实验方法,以高效液相色谱法测定血浆中格列吡嗪的经时浓度,计算药动学参数. 结果:国产和进口格列吡嗪片在健康志愿者体内的药-时曲线均符合一级吸收的单室模型,两种格列吡嗪片的主要药动学参数Tmax, Cmax和 AUC(0-17)分别为(2.6±0.5) h和(2.6±0.5) h; (609.7±112.9) ng/mL和(568.8±101.9) ng/mL;(4499.8±969.0)ng/mL和(4108.3±724.9) ng/mL. 结论:国产和进口格列吡嗪片的药代动力学参数无差异.     

甲巯咪唑大鼠经皮给药的药代动力学

目的:研究甲巯咪唑在大鼠体内经皮吸收的药代动力学,并与口服吸收动力学进行比较.方法:采用HPLC法测定大鼠口服(2 mg/kg)或经皮(1,2,4 mg/kg)给药后血清和甲状腺组织中的甲巯咪唑浓度.色谱柱为Lichrospher C18柱,流动相为甲醇-水(10:90),流速1.0 min,柱温30℃,检测波长UV 254 nm.结果:口服或经皮(2 mg/kg)给药后,甲巯咪唑的tmax分别为1.5 h和2.5 h,cmax分别为1 716.6和817.2ng/mL,AUC分别为4 606.2和3 739.6 ng·h/mL,t1/2分别为2.64 h和2.70 h,甲状腺组织中的药物浓度分别于给药后2 h和1 h达到峰值,其峰浓度分别为307.7和320.9 ng/50 mg.经皮给予高、中和低3个剂量甲巯咪唑后,其AUC与剂量呈现线性相关性.结论:甲巯咪唑口服给药的血药浓度明显高于经皮给药的血药浓度,但甲状腺组织中的药物浓度无显著性差异,提示经皮给药的全身不良反应小于口服给药.     

吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统的大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 研究吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统(IDM-SMEDDS)在大鼠体内的药动学特征.方法 大鼠灌胃给予IDM-SMEDDS(给药剂量按IDM计为8.0 mg/kg),采用HPLC法测定IDM在大鼠血浆中的药物浓度,以IDM原料药制备混悬液作为参比,绘制两者血药浓度-时间曲线,DAS Ver2.0药动学软件计算药动学参数.结果 IDM-SMEDDS的药动学过程符合二室模型,权重因子为1/C2,IDM混悬液的药动学过程符合一室模型,权重因子为1/C2;大鼠口服IDM-SMEDDS的Cmax为42.56 μg/mL、Tmax为1h、AUC0-48h为814.25(μg·h)/mL,口服IDM混悬液的Cmax为9.72 μg/mL、Tmax为6h、AUC0-48 h为134.57(μg·h)/mL.结论 自微乳化给药系统可以提高吲哚美辛的口服生物利用度.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.