大学生自杀意念与心理健康状况调查

目的 探究大学生中有自杀意念者的心理健康状况,为科学干预提供理论依据.方法 采用自编自杀调查问卷、自尊调查表(SES)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、Beck抑郁问卷对湘南学院在校大学生进行调查.结果 大学生中自杀意念检出率较高(20.31%),有自杀意念的大学生心理问题多,自尊水平低.结论 不良的心理健康水平和低自尊是大学生自杀意念产生的重要因素.     

大学生自杀意念与特质应对方式的相关分析

大学生情绪波动大,遇到挫折时易出现自杀意念甚至自杀行为。特质应对是相对稳定的行为表现,积极的应对方式可以减少自杀意念及自杀行为的发生。采用自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、特质应对量表(TCSQ)对嘉兴市某大学的大学生进行心理健康状况调查。结果发现大学生的自杀意念发生率较高,且女生相对高于男生。存在自杀意念的学生特质应对能力较弱,积极应对能力与自杀意念的绝望、乐观、睡眠水平呈负相关,而消极应对能力与之相反。加强应对能力的培养和训练,加强面对压力的心理准备,减少自杀意念甚至自杀行为的发生,对于大学生的健康成长、人才塑造等具有重要的社会指导意义。     

大学生自杀意念与特质应对方式的相关分析

大学生情绪波动大,遇到挫折时易出现自杀意念甚至自杀行为。特质应对是相对稳定的行为表现,积极的应对方式可以减少自杀意念及自杀行为的发生。采用自杀意念自评量表（SIOSS）、特质应对量表（TCSQ）对嘉兴市某大学的大学生进行心理健康状况调查。结果发现大学生的自杀意念发生率较高,且女生相对高于男生。存在自杀意念的学生特质应对能力较弱,积极应对能力与自杀意念的绝望、乐观、睡眠水平呈负相关,而消极应对能力与之相反。加强应对能力的培养和训练,加强面对压力的心理准备,减少自杀意念甚至自杀行为的发生,对于大学生的健康成长、人才塑造等具有重要的社会指导意义。     

有无自杀意念军校研究生自杀态度与心理健康状况的比较

目的探讨军校研究生自杀意念与自杀态度、心理健康状况的关系。方法整群抽取342名军校研究生,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自杀态度问卷(QSA)对其进行测评。结果22.51%的军校研究生出现过自杀意念,有自杀意念的学员与无自杀意念的学员在对自杀行为性质的认识和对待安乐死的态度上存在显著差异(P<0.001);有自杀意念研究生的SCL-90各因子分均明显高于无自杀意念的研究生(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001)。结论军校研究生的自杀意念和自杀态度有一定关系;提高其心理健康水平有助于危机的预防。     

大学生完美主义、自尊、自我和谐和自杀意念的关系研究

目的了解大学生的完美主义、自尊、自我和谐和自杀意念状况,分析影响大学生自杀意念产生的主要因素。方法采用完美主义量表、自尊量表、自我和谐量表和自杀意念自评量表对河南省7所高校800名大学生进行统一问卷调查。结果完美主义和自杀意念在是否独生子上不存在显著差异(P>0.05),而自杀意念在性别上存在显著差异(P<0.01);完美主义及其维度、自尊、自我和谐与自杀意念之间存在显著相关,并且完美主义的4个维度——担心错误、行动的疑虑、条理性,自尊和自我和谐可以预测自杀意念。结论应采取措消除完美主义的消极影响,培养适中的自尊水平和自我和谐的人格,降低自杀意念的产生。     

生活事件、自尊和抑郁对大学生自杀意念的影响

目的:探讨生活事件、自尊和抑郁对大学生自杀意念的影响,为大学生自杀预防提供依据。方法:采用青少年生活事件量表、自尊量表、症状自评量表—抑郁分量表、贝克抑郁自评量表—"自杀想法"条目对2802名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:自杀意念检出率为16.95%,有自杀意念组的生活事件各因素得分及总分、抑郁总分显著高于无自杀意念组,人际关系(t=-17.039,P0.001)、学习压力(t=-13.000,P0.001)、受惩罚(t=-11.000,P0.001)、丧失(t=-8.800,P0.001)、健康适应(t=-15.631,P0.001)、其他(t=-12.240,P0.001)、生活事件总分(t=-16.060,P0.001)、抑郁总分(t=-29.821,P0.001),有自杀意念组的自尊总分(t=-3.92,P0.001)显著低于无自杀意念组;生活事件、抑郁与自杀意念呈显著正相关(r=0.179,0.638,P0.01),自尊与自杀意念呈显著负相关(r=-0.259,P0.01);生活事件通过自尊和抑郁的中介效应间接影响自杀意念(中介效应值分别为0.054和0.255),生活事件通过自尊作用于抑郁,又通过抑郁间接影响自杀意念(中介效应值为0.112)。结论:减少负性生活事件,消除抑郁情绪,提高自尊水平,能够有效降低大学生自杀意念的发生率。     

高中生自杀意念现状及其影响因素的调查分析

采用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、青少年自杀意念量表(SIQ)、自杀态度问卷量表(QSA)评定了2 836名高中生的抑郁水平、自杀意念和自杀态度,运用因素分析的方法探讨影响高中生自杀意念的主要因素。结果发现:(1)有6.3%的学生存在明显的自杀意念。(2)高中生自杀意念存在年级的差异,年级间有自杀意念的关系是:高一、高二大于高三。(3)高中生自杀意念存在性别的差异,男生比女生有较多的自杀意念。(4)高中生自杀意念存在宗教信仰的差异,有宗教信仰比无宗教信仰高中生有较多的自杀意念。(5)抑郁、自杀态度、领悟社会支持、家庭亲密度和适应性、自动思维、自尊是影响高中生自杀意念的重要因素。(6)抑郁、对自杀者家属的态度、自动思维、自尊共4个因子与自杀意念呈正相关;对自杀行为性质的认识、对安乐死的态度、领悟社会支持、家庭亲密度和适应性共5个因子与自杀意念呈负相关。     

生活事件与大学生自杀意念的相关研究

目的 了解生活事件对大学生自杀意念的影响.方法 采用自编一般资料调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90),对3564名新生进行心理健康调查,根据症状自评量表第15题"想结束自己的生命"回答轻重程度筛选有自杀意念组和对照组,二组进行"青少年生活事件量表"测试.结果 大学新生1个月内自杀意念发生率为5.13%,1年内自杀意念发生率为6.14%,有自杀意念组心理健康水平低于对照组,影响大学生产生自杀意念的生活事件依次是人际关系、学习压力和丧失因子.结论 社会生活事件是引起自杀意念的一种诱发因素,生活事件与抑郁情绪密切相关.     

潍坊市中小学生自杀意念与心理健康状况的相关性

目的:分析潍坊市中小学生自杀意念与心理健康现状,探讨二者之间的相关性,为潍坊市有效开展中小学生心理健康教育和干预提供参考。方法:采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取潍坊市4250名中小学生,利用自制基本情况调查表、Kessler10(K10)和自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)对其心理健康和自杀意念状况进行调查。结果:4250名中小学生中有自杀意念的人数为288名,检出率为6.8%;中小学生心理健康状况各因子得分与自杀意念总分呈显著正相关(P0.01);是否经常无缘无故感到劳累、是否经常感到很无助及是否经常感到很沮丧等7个项目是影响中小学生自杀意念形成的重要因素。结论:中小学生心理健康状况是影响自杀意念的主要危险因素,心理健康状况越好,自杀意念越低。     

生活事件、自尊和抑郁对大学生自杀意念的影响

目的 探讨生活事件、自尊和抑郁对大学生自杀意念的影响,为大学生自杀预防提供依据。方法 采用青少年生活事件量表、自尊量表、症状自评量表—抑郁分量表、贝克抑郁自评量表—“自杀想法”条目对2802名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 自杀意念检出率为16.95%,有自杀意念组的生活事件各因素得分及总分、抑郁总分显著高于无自杀意念组,人际关系（t= -17.039,p0.001）、学习压力（t= -13.000,p0.001）、受惩罚（t= -11.000,p0.001）、丧失（t= -8.800,p0.001）、健康适应（t= -15.631,p0.001）、其他（t= -12.240,p0.001）、生活事件总分（t= -16.060,p0.001）、抑郁总分（t= -29.821,p0.001）,有自杀意念组的自尊总分（t= -3.92,p0.001）显著低于无自杀意念组;生活事件、抑郁与自杀意念呈显著正相关（r= 0.179,0.638,p0.01）,自尊与自杀意念呈显著负相关（r= -0.259,p0.01）;生活事件通过自尊和抑郁的中介效应间接影响自杀意念（中介效应值分别为0.054和0.255）,生活事件通过自尊作用于抑郁,又通过抑郁间接影响自杀意念（中介效应值为0.112）。结论 减少负性生活事件,消除抑郁情绪,提高自尊水平,能够有效降低大学生自杀意念的发生率。     

优秀大学生自杀意念及其影响因素分析

目的探讨优秀大学生自杀意念及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,对湖南某高校2007、2008年700名获国家励志奖学金的大学生应用自编自杀意念问卷、自杀态度问卷等8个量表,采用非条件logistic回归筛查出自杀意念的危险因素。结果优秀大学生中有14.6%的人最近1年内出现自杀意念,女生比男生高(χ2=5.292,P=0.021),多因素logistic回归分析揭示负性生活事件是自杀意念的诱发因素,但不起主要作用,父亲情感温暖与理解,对自杀性质的认识,担心错误,心理疾病倾向是产生自杀意念的主要因素(P=0.00)。结论心理健康状况、父母教养方式、人格特征三者相互作用产生自杀意念,其中过度追求完美是优秀大学生自杀意念的人格因素。     

Incidence of suicide ideation and attempts in adults: the 13-year follow-up of a community sample in Baltimore, Maryland.

BACKGROUND: Utilizing a prospectively designed community sample, we set out to estimate the rate of newly-incident suicidal ideation and attempts (non-fatal suicide behaviour) in a community sample, to evaluate antecedent sociodemographic characteristics and psychiatric disorders, and to assess use of mental health services in relation to non-fatal suicide behaviour. METHOD: Prospectively-gathered data was utilized from 3481 continuing participants in the 13-year follow-up of the Baltimore sample of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey interviewed in 1981, 1982 and 1993/6. RESULTS: The incidence of suicide attempts was estimated at 148.8 per 100,000 person-years and ideation at 419.9 per 100,000 person-years. Persons in the youngest age group, in the lowest socioeconomic status, and previously married persons were at increased risk for non-fatal suicide behaviour during the follow-up interval. Persons who reported suicidal ideation at baseline were more likely to report having attempted suicide at follow-up (RR = 6.09, 95% CI 2.58-14.36). Psychiatric disorders, especially depression and substance abuse, were associated with new-onset of non-fatal suicidal behaviour. While persons who reported newly-incident suicidal behaviour were more likely to report use of mental health services, few said that suicidal ideation or attempts were the reason for the visits. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation is a common and important antecedent to suicide attempts and deserves more attention in community and general medical settings.     

Childhood adversities and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts: a longitudinal population-based study

BACKGROUND: Developmental adversities may be risk factors for adult suicidal behavior, but this relationship has rarely been studied prospectively. The present study examined the association between childhood adversities and new onset suicidal ideation and attempts in an adult population-based sample. METHOD: The study used a large community mental health survey (the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study; n=7076, age range 18-64 years). Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between childhood adversities and new onset of suicidal ideation and attempts over 3 years of longitudinal follow-up. RESULTS: During the study period 85 new cases of suicidal ideation and 39 new onset suicide attempts were observed. The incidence rate for new suicide ideation was 0.67% per year and the incidence rate for new suicide attempts was 0.28% per year. Childhood neglect, psychological abuse and physical abuse were strongly associated with new onset suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 2.80 to 4.66 for new onset suicidal ideation and from 3.60 to 5.43 for new onset suicide attempts. The total number of adversities reported had a strong graded relationship to new onset suicidal ideation and attempts. These associations remained significant after controlling for the effects of mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood abuse and multiple adversities are strongly associated with future suicidal behavior and the mental disorders assessed in the present study do not fully account for this effect. A comprehensive understanding of suicidal behavior must take childhood adversities into account.     

Suicidal behaviours in South East London: Prevalence,risk factors and the role of socio-economic status

Background

Low socio-economic status (SES) is an established risk factor of suicidal behaviours, but it is unknown to what extent its association is direct, indirect or confounded, given its strong association to mental health. We aimed to (I) estimate the prevalence of suicidal behaviours; (II) describe relevant risk factors; and (III) investigate direct and indirect effects of SES on suicidal behaviours.

Methods

We used cross-sectional community survey data of adults from randomly selected South East London households (SELCoH). Suicidal outcome measures replicated the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England (APMS). Lifetime prevalence was described by socio-demographics, SES, mental health indicators, and life events. Structured symptom screens and a drug use questionnaire measured mental health. Structural equation models estimated direct and indirect effects of a latent SES variable on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, adjusting for covariates.

Results

20.5% (95% CI: 18.4–22.7) reported suicidal ideation and 8.1% (95% CI: 6.8–9.7) reported suicide attempts (higher than APMS estimates: 13.7%, 4.8%, respectively). Unadjusted risk factors included poor mental health, low SES, and non-married/non-cohabitating relationship status. Black African ethnicity was protective, and women reported more suicide attempts. SES was directly associated to suicide attempts, but not suicidal ideation. SES had indirect effects on suicidal outcomes via mental health and life events.

Limitations

The cross-sectional design and application of measures for different time periods did not allow for causal inferences.

Conclusions

Suicidal behaviours were more prevalent than in the general UK population. Interventions targeting low SES individuals may prove effective in preventing suicide attempts.     

Suicidal ideation among medical students and young physicians: a nationwide and prospective study of prevalence and predictors

BACKGROUND: Despite an increased risk of suicide among physicians we lack studies on prevalence and predictors of suicidal ideation among medical students and young doctors. METHOD: A prospective study of Norwegian medical students (n=522) re-examined after the first postgraduate year, comprising suicidal thoughts and attempts, perceived study stress, job stress, and personality. RESULTS: The previous year prevalence of suicidal thoughts was 14% at both points of time. The lifetime prevalence was 43%, while 8% had planned suicide, and 1.4% had attempted suicide. Suicidal ideation in medical school was predicted by lack of control, personality trait, single marital status, negative life events and mental distress (anxiety and depression). In the first postgraduate year, mental distress was the most important predictor, but before controlling for this variable, job stress, vulnerability (neuroticism), single status, and less working hours were independent predictors. Prospectively, suicidal thoughts and vulnerability as student predicted postgraduate suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: The level of suicidal thoughts was high, but the level of attempts was low. Clinical implications: Preventive efforts should be directed both at the students' abilities to cope with stress and at mental health services for young doctors. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY: The lower response rate at follow-up (57%) may reduce external validity.     

罪犯自杀意念及其相关因素研究

目的探讨罪犯自杀意念的发生率及其相关的心理因素,为监狱有效预防罪犯自杀,确保刑罚得到执行提供参考。方法采取随机抽样的方法,抽取某监狱180名罪犯,用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查,对测试资料运用t检验和逐步回归分析。结果有31.1%的罪犯有不同程度的自杀意念;自杀意念与心理健康各因子的相关系数在0.46~0.66之间(P<0.01);有、无自杀意念两组罪犯在SCL-90各因子上的差异显著(t≥5.93,P<0.01);逐步回归分析表明,影响自杀意念的相关因素有抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和敌对等因素。结论罪犯群体中存在的自杀意念比例要高于普通人群,预防罪犯自杀是监狱机关需要重点研究的课题;罪犯的自杀与其心理健康状况存在极为密切的关系。     

心理健康症状对大学生自杀倾向预测模型的构建

目的构建大学生自杀倾向的预测模型。方法随机抽取某高校900名大学生为研究对象,采用SCL-90症状自评量表和自编大学生自杀倾向调查问卷。结果心理健康症状对自杀倾向存在0.79的直接预测效应。自杀倾向、自杀意念、自杀企图和自伤想法与心理健康症状及抑郁、焦虑和精神病性等相关较高。结论建立心理健康症状对自杀倾向预测模型。     

Suicidal behaviour in adolescence and subsequent mental health outcomes in young adulthood

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the linkages between suicidal ideation and attempt in adolescence and subsequent suicidal behaviours and mental health in young adulthood. METHOD: Data were gathered during the course of a 25-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand children. The information collected included: (a) measures of suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescence (< 18 years); (b) measures of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, major depression, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders in young adulthood (18-25 years); and (c) measures of childhood and family background, individual characteristics, and mental disorders in adolescence. RESULTS: After statistical adjustment for confounding factors, suicide attempt in adolescence was associated with increased risks of subsequent suicidal ideation (OR 5.7) suicide attempt (OR 17.8) and major depression (OR 1.5). Those reporting suicidal ideation without suicide attempt showed moderate increases in risks of later suicidal ideation (OR 2.5), suicide attempt (OR 2.0) and major depression (OR 1.6). In addition, there was evidence of an interactive relationship in which suicidal behaviour in adolescence was associated with increased risks of later substance use disorders in females but not males. CONCLUSIONS: Young people reporting suicidal ideation or making a suicide attempt are an at-risk population for subsequent suicidal behaviour and depression. Further research is needed into the reasons for suicidal adolescent females being at greater risk of later substance use disorder.