Correlation of in vivo bone formation capability and in vitro differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells

Although human bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been used for clinical bone reconstruction, how the physiological status of patients and culture conditions of MSCs affect the result of bone reconstruction must be clarified to use MSCs in a clinical stage. If in vitro parameters of the status of MSCs may be correlate with in vivo bone formation capability, the better cells for clinical bone reconstruction can be defined by the parameters. In order to explore the parameters and define the optimum cells for clinical use, the proliferation and differentiation capabilities in vitro and the in vivo bone formation capability of MSCs were analyzed. An age-related proliferation capability was found. The in vitro alkaline phosphatase activity of bone formation finding groups was higher than that of the no bone formation group. This may be provide a parameter to obtain the optimum cells for clinical use to benefit improving the cure efficiency. In this study, it is preferable that MSCs of passage 1 have stronger osteogenic potential than those of passage 2 and 3 in vitro, and might be suitable for clinical application to bone tissue engineering.     

骨髓基质干细胞诱导内皮细胞与自体骨髓基质干细胞低氧条件下培养后的成骨能力

目的:探讨骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)诱导内皮细胞(ECs)与自体BMSCs低氧条件下联合培养对BMSCs成骨能力的影响.方法:体外分离培养兔BMSCs并向ECs诱导培养,用CD34免疫细胞化学染色鉴定内皮细胞表型:实验分组为BMSCs常氧成骨诱导培养组,BMSCs低氧成骨诱导培养组,BMSCs+ ECs常氧成骨诱导联合培养组BMSCs+ECs低氧成骨诱导联合培养组,持续培养7d,前6d应用PNPP法每天固定时间测定碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性并作统计学分析;茜素红染色观察第7d矿化结节形成情况.低氧组为1.0％O2浓度.采用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行方差分析和q检验.结果:BMSCs在一定诱导条件下可诱导为ECs,CD34免疫细胞化学染色为阳性;统计学分析表明,BMSCs+ ECs低氧成骨诱导联合培养组的ALP活性表达显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05).只有BMSCs+ ECs低氧成骨诱导联合培养组有钙化结节形成,茜素红染色呈橘红色.结论:在一定时间内,由BMSCs诱导来源的ECs与自体BMSCs低氧条件下联合培养,BMSCs的成骨活性可显著提高.     

骨髓间充质干细胞向成纤维细胞分化的研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)由于能向骨、软骨、脂肪等多个细胞系分化并且分离方便,所以在组织工程及再生医学中有广泛的应用.在特定的微环境刺激下,BMSCs可以向多种细胞系分化,但是其向成纤维细胞分化的研究较少.BMSCs源性成纤维细胞与肿瘤、纤维化等疾病的发生有密切关系.该文就BMSCs的分离、分化条件及相关疾病作一综...     

Osteoblastic differentiation of cultured rat bone marrow cells on hydroxyapatite with different surface topography

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgery as a bone substitute. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of surface topography produced by the presence of microporosity on the response of the rat bone marrow cells, evaluating: cell attachment, proliferation, total protein content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-like nodule formation. METHODS: Cells were cultured on HA discs manufactured by a combination of uniaxial powder pressing and different sintering conditions, with different percentage of microporosity (<5%-HA5, 15%-HA15, and 30%-HA30). For attachment evaluation, cells were cultured for 2 h. Proliferation was evaluated after 7 and 14 days. After 14 days, total protein content and ALP activity were measured. For bone-like nodule formation, cells were cultured for 21 days. Data were compared by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test when appropriate. RESULTS: Cell attachment was not affected by surface topography (p=0.37). Proliferation (p=0.001), total protein content (p=0.039), ALP activity (p=0.050), and bone-like nodule formation (p=0.00001) were all significantly decreased by the most irregular surface (HA30). SIGNIFICANCE. These results suggest that initial cell events were not affected by the surface topography of the HA. However, intermediary and final events such as proliferation, protein synthesis, ALP activity, and bone-like nodule formation favored surfaces with a more regular topography, such as that presents in HA with 15% or less of microporosity.     

小鼠骨髓细胞和脾细胞诱导形成破骨细胞潜能的比较

目的在体外破骨细胞分化因子(RANKL)和巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)联合应用的情况下,比较小鼠骨髓细胞和脾细胞形成破骨细胞的能力。方法选用小鼠M-CSF依赖性非附着性骨髓细胞和脾细胞,以不同的细胞密度在含有25ng/mlsM-CSF和30ng/mlsRANKL的(-MEM培养液中培养5、9天后,计数形成的抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(TRAP)阳性多核细胞的数目和骨吸收面积。结果脾细胞形成的破骨样细胞与骨髓形成的细胞形态与功能均无明显差异,但所需的细胞密度为骨髓细胞的10~20倍。结论在特殊情况下,脾细胞可替代骨髓细胞进行体外破骨细胞实验,但培养条件应适当调整。     

Effect of therapeutic levels of doxycycline and minocycline in the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow osteoblastic cells

Semi-synthetic tetracyclines (TCs) have been reported to reduce pathological bone resorption through several mechanisms, although their effect over bone physiological metabolism is not yet fully understood. The present study aims at evaluate the behaviour of osteoblastic-induced human bone marrow cells regarding proliferation and functional activity, in the presence of representative therapeutic concentrations of doxycycline and minocycline. First passage human osteoblastic bone marrow cells were cultured for 35 days in conditions known to favor osteoblastic differentiation. Doxycycline (1-25 micro g/ml) or minocycline (1-50 micro g/ml) were added continuously, with the culture medium, twice a week with every medium change. Cultures were characterised at several time points for cell proliferation and function. Present data showed that 1 micro g/ml of both tetracyclines, level representative of that attained in plasma and crevicular fluid with the standard therapeutic dosage, increased significantly the proliferation of human bone marrow osteoblastic cells without altering their specific phenotype and functional activity. Long-term exposure to these TCs induced a significant increase in the number of active osteoblastic cells that yielded a proportional amount of a normal mineralised matrix, suggesting a potential application in therapeutic approaches aiming to increase bone formation. The presence of higher levels of these agents led to a dose-dependent deleterious effect over cell culture, delaying cell proliferation and differentiation.     

雌激素对大鼠骨髓基质细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的：研究雌激素对大鼠骨髓基质细胞增殖和分化的影响,探讨其对成骨的影响。方法：体外培养4周龄雌性大鼠骨髓基质细胞,以不同浓度雌激素作用于成骨细胞,用噻唑蓝法测定细胞增殖情况;对硝基酚磷酸酯法测定细胞碱性磷酸酶活性;检测培养液中羟脯氨酸含量,了解细胞Ⅰ型胶原的分泌情况;通过矿化结节计数反映细胞的矿化能力。结果：雌激素促进成骨细胞增殖,增加碱性磷酸酶活性;提高培养液中羟脯氨酸含量,峰值浓度为10^-7mol／1,与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;雌激素显著提高细胞的矿化能力,10^-7mol／L浓度作用最显著（＋45．4％,P〈0．05）。结论：雌激素促进成骨细胞增殖和分化,提高其矿化能力,从而刺激骨形成。     

经典Wnt通路调节骨髓间充质干细胞向成牙本质样细胞的分化

目的:探讨经典Wnt通路在骨髓间充质干细胞向成牙本质样细胞分化中的作用,以期为临床治疗牙髓损伤提供新策略。方法:用牙胚细胞条件培养液诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成牙本质样细胞的分化,培养液内分别加入外源性Wnt激活剂Wnt3a/抑制剂DKK-1,检测经典Wnt通路中β-catenin、LEF1、TCF4及成牙本质样细胞特异表达物DSPP、DMP-1变化。结果:骨髓间充质干细胞经Wnt激活剂/抑制剂处理后,胞浆内β-catenin水平明显上升/下降,其下游核内转录因子LEF1、TCF4基因水平明显上升/下降,而细胞内DSPP、DMP-1的表达明显降低/升高。结论:Wnt信号通路抑制骨髓间充质干细胞向成牙本质样细胞分化。     

辛伐他汀对大鼠骨髓基质细胞分化和矿化功能的影响

目的:研究辛伐他汀对大鼠骨髓基质细胞分化和矿化功能的影响,探讨其刺激成骨及防治骨质疏松症的机制.方法:体外培养4周龄大鼠骨髓基质细胞,以不同浓度辛伐他汀(10-9mol/l,10-8mol/l,10-7mol/l,10-6mol/1)作用,观察细胞生长情况和形态变化,测定细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,Ⅰ型胶原的分泌和矿化能力.结果:辛伐他汀各浓度组的ALP活性均增加,以10-7mol/l浓度作用最显著(P＜0.05);辛伐他汀10-8mol/l和10-7mol/l浓度明显促进Ⅰ型胶原的分泌;辛伐他汀显著提高细胞的矿化能力,以10-7mol/l浓度作用最显著( 44.5%,P＜0.05).结论:辛伐他汀促进骨髓基质细胞的分化,提高其矿化能力,有助于骨质疏松症的防治.     

处理的牙本质基质对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化影响的研究

目的 采用体外研究的方法评价处理的牙本质基质（TDM）对骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）增殖及成骨分化的影响。方法 将获取的牙本质颗粒进行梯度脱矿处理,制备TDM浸提液。分离培养人BMSCs后,将BMSCs培养于TDM浸提液中,CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖情况,培养7 d后提取细胞总蛋白采用Western blot检测成骨相关蛋白：Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（ColⅠ）、Runt相关转录因子-2（Runx2）的表达情况。结果 TDM浸提液培养后,与空白对照组及羟磷灰石/β-磷酸三钙组相比,细胞增殖明显;培养7 d后,TDM组的ColⅠ、Runx2蛋白的表达量明显增高。结论 TDM可以促进BMSCs的增殖及成骨向分化,提示其应用于骨组织工程的可行性。     

Proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells on titanium plates treated with a wire-type electrical discharge machine

For successful dental implants, it is necessary to obtain satisfactory osteointegration at the site of both the cortical and trabecular bones in the jaw. Bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into osteoblast-lineage cells and have an important role in bone remodeling. In this experiment, the responsiveness of bone marrow cells to a titanium plate with a rough surface was compared with that of a titanium plate with a smooth surface. The rough surface was created by treating with a wire-type electrical discharge machine, and the smooth plate was produced by polishing with 1.500-grade emery paper. The results indicated that, though bone marrow cells proliferated on both plates, the proliferation pattern and cell growing time on the plates were different. While the cells on the smooth plate proliferated along the grooves produced by polishing, the cells on the rough plate proliferated randomly and more rapidly. As bone marrow cells consisted of heterogeneous cell populations involving hematopoietic cells, we collected bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells that proliferated on plastic dishes and studied the proliferation and differentiation of these cells. Stromal cells on the rough plate more actively proliferated than those on the smooth plate. In long-term culture, the cells on the rough plate showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity and produced cell nodules. The cells on the smooth plate were stripped off the plate without nodule formation. These results indicated that bone marrow stromal cells on the rough plate could more rapidly proliferate and differentiate into osteoblast-lineage cells compared with those on the smooth plate.     

人骨髓单个核细胞对粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的生长依赖性

本文观察了人骨髓单个核细胞在离体培养下对粒－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）的生长依赖性。结果显示：在１０～１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ范围内ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ浓度越大，单个核细胞生长状态越好，并可见少量多个核细胞形成，表明在ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ存在下骨髓单个核细胞体外长期培养是可行的。     

山奈酚通过mTORC1信号促进牵张力下小鼠骨髓间充质细胞成骨分化机制研究

目的探讨山奈酚(kaempferol,Kae)对周期性单轴牵张力下小鼠骨髓间充质细胞(bone marrow mes?enchymal cells,BMMCs)成骨分化过程中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1(mammalian target of rapamycin com?plex 1,mTORC1)信号通路的作用。方法对体外分离培养的小鼠BMMCs施加形变量10%的单轴动态牵张力,通过细胞毒性试验筛选出合适浓度Kae,并添加工具药pp242改变内源性mTOR信号,在牵张后4 h利用化学比色法检测碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性变化、ELISA法检测骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)表达量,流式细胞仪检测细胞内钙离子相对含量;利用Western Blot检测内源性mTORC1信号通路主要分子哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)、核糖体蛋白S6激酶(ribosomal proteinS6 kinases,S6K)、4E/BP1的磷酸化表达及成骨转录因子Runx2和Osterix的表达变化,qRT?PCR检测上述因子mRNA表达水平。结果10μmol/L Kae对细胞的抑制作用较小,且成骨能力最强。加力结束后4 h,Kae能够有效促进BMMCs成骨分化,ALP表达为(153.04±18.72)U/mg,OCN表达为(1.64±0.25)U,成骨转录因子Runx2、Osterix的mRNA水平和蛋白水平表达上调,细胞内钙离子含量下降,同时mTORC1信号通路中mTOR、S6K mRNA水平及蛋白磷酸化表达上调,4E/BP1 mRNA水平及蛋白磷酸化表达下调;在加入pp242抑制mTORC1信号表达后,mTOR、S6K mRNA水平及蛋白磷酸化表达下调,4E/BP1 mRNA水平及蛋白磷酸化表达上调,BMMCs成骨分化效应显著被抑制,Runx2、Osterix的mRNA水平和蛋白表达显著下调,ALP及OCN表达下调,细胞内钙离子含量增高。结论Kae通过mTORC1信号通路促进牵张力下小鼠BMMCs成骨分化。     

BMAL1基因对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的调控作用

牙周炎是以牙周组织破坏为特征的感染性疾病,作为重要的牙周组织再生种子细胞,骨髓间充质干细胞在重构牙周组织结构和功能、促进牙周病好转乃至愈合方面具有重要作用,因此骨髓间充质干细胞的特性尤其是其成骨分化的相关调控机制是目前研究热点之一。BMAL1基因与骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化等诸多生理行为的调控关系密切,有望成为牙周疾病新的治疗靶点。本文对BMAL1基因的特性以及调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的机制作一综述。     

骨髓基质细胞修复骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)对骨缺损的修复作用.方法 实验动物为新西兰大白兔,抽取2 ml骨髓制成细胞悬液,体外培养2周.采用外科手术的方法在兔双侧桡骨处形成1.5 cm的骨膜-骨缺损,将培养2周的骨髓基质细胞注射到桡骨缺损处,于移植后第1、2、3、4 周末,用钼靶X线分别检查双侧桡骨缺损处的骨形成情况,并取第4周末的骨痂进行组织学检查.结果 移植后实验侧骨痂形成快于对照侧;第4周末,实验侧缺损处全部为骨性骨痂连接,对照侧缺损处仍未形成骨痂连接.结论 BMSC可以促进骨缺损的修复.