Maspin expression in stage I and II oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: A relatively high failure rate in the therapy of patients with early oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is evidenced by untreated clinically negative neck lymph node metastasis. It is important to predict the malignant potential of oral tongue SCC in stage I and II patients, because the development of lymph node metastasis directly affects the prognosis of the patients. METHODS: We evaluated maspin expression immunohistochemically in patients with stage I and II oral tongue SCCs and determined whether the expression level may be a useful factor in predicting metastatic potential and prognosis of these SCCs. RESULTS: Clinical follow-up data showed a longer disease-free interval and overall survival periods for tumors immunohistochemically positive for maspin than for tumors negative for maspin, with the difference in disease-free interval being statistically significant (p =.01). The absence of maspin expression was found more frequently in cases of subsequent cervical lymph node metastasis than in cases without metastasis (p =.03). CONCLUSIONS: Decreased maspin expression may be a significant factor associated with the metastatic potential of stage I and II oral tongue SCCs.     

膀胱移行细胞癌骨桥蛋白的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨骨桥蛋白（osteopontin，OPN）在膀胱移行细胞癌（transitional cell carciromas，TCC）组织中的表达及其与肿瘤发生、发展及临床预后的联系。方法免疫组织化学SABC法检测60例膀胱移行细胞癌、20例正常膀胱壁标本的OPN表达强度，分析OPN表达与肿瘤分期、分级、复发、转移及患者5年生存率之间的关系。结果在60例膀胱TCC细胞浆OPN强染色（OPN评分48分）：T1和T2 16例（43．2％），T3和T4 20例（86．9％），Ⅰ级5例（38．4%），Ⅱ级6例（35．2％），Ⅲ级25例（83．3％），复发患者21例（87．5％），初发患者15例（41．7％），淋巴结或远处转移阳性患者17例（80．9％），阴性19例（48．7%），男性患者31例（75．6％），女性患者5例（26．3％）。OPN强染色预示患者较高的复发率和较短的生存时间。结论OPN表达强度与肿瘤分期、分级、复发、转移、5年生存率及性别密切相关，说明OPN参与肿瘤的发生、发展，并对肿瘤患者的预后起重要作用，且OPN的表达有一定的性别差异。     

Incidence and survival trends of lip,intra-oral cavity and tongue base cancers in south-east England

Background

Oral cavity cancers are on the increase in the UK. Understanding site-specific epidemiological trends is important for cancer control measures.This study demonstrates the changing epidemiological trends in lip, intra-oral cavity and tongue base cancers in south-east England from 1987 to 2006.

Aim: Methods

This was a retrospective study using anonymised data obtained from the Thames Cancer Registry (TCR) London. Data were analysed using SPSS v.17 and survival analyses with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Age standardisation of the incidence rates was performed. It was conducted in south-east England, which has an average population of 12 million. The study analysed 9,318 cases (ICD-10 code C00–C06, C14). Kent Research Ethics Committee UK granted ethical approval.

Results

Oral cancers were more common in men, with male: female ratio of 1.6:1. Tongue cancers had the highest frequency at 3,088 (33.1%).Incidence varied with each cancer type. Mean incidence (per 1,000,000) ranged from 2.3 (lip cancer) to 13.8 (tongue cancer). There has been a statistically significant increase in incidence for cancers of the tongue base, other parts of tongue, gum and palate (p<0.001).Median survival time varied by sub-site, with lip cancer having the best median survival time (11.09 years) compared with tongue base cancer (2.42 years). Survival analyses showed worse prognosis for men, older age at diagnosis, and presence of synchronous tumours (p<0.001).

Conclusion

There is a rising incidence of tongue and tongue base, gum and palate cancers in south-east England with wide variability in survival. Oral cancer awareness and screening programmes should be encouraged.     

Predictive value of laminin-5 and membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase expression for cervical lymph node metastasis in T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue and floor of the mouth

BACKGROUND: Laminin-5 (Ln-5) cleaved by membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) enhances the migration of tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not enhanced expression of both Ln-5 and MT1-MMP was associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and floor of the mouth. METHODS: By use of biopsy specimens of primary tumors from 57 patients, intratumoral expression of Ln-5 and MT1-MMP was evaluated immunohistochemically and its association with node metastasis analyzed. RESULTS: The tumors were categorized into three groups: Ln-5 focal type/MT1-MMP (-) (group I, n = 14), Ln-5 focal type/ MT1-MMP (+) and Ln-5 diffuse type/MT1-MMP (-) (group II, n = 16), and Ln-5 diffuse type/MT1-MMP (+) (group III, n = 27). The incidence of node metastasis (initial and latent metastases) was two of 14 (14.3%), five of 16 (31.3%), and 15 of 27 (55.6%) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified tumor thickness (odds ratio, 4.751; p = .0152) and Ln-5/ MT1-MMP expression (odds ratio, 3.795, p = .0304) as independent factors of node metastasis. Moreover, in 35 patients with N0 disease, Ln-5/MT1-MMP expression was the only parameter associated with latent node metastasis (odds ratio, 12.800, p = .0247). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that immunohistochemical evaluation of Ln-5 and MT1-MMP expression is useful for identifying patients with T1 and T2 SCC of the tongue and floor of the mouth who should be treated with elective neck dissection.     

骨桥蛋白和MMP-10在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及临床意义

目的检测膀胱尿路上皮癌中骨桥蛋白（OPN）和金属基质蛋白酶10（MMP-10）的表达,探索二者与膀胱癌的病理分级和临床分期及临床预后的关系,比较二者之间的相关性。方法应用免疫组化方法检测60例膀胱移行细胞癌和20例正常膀胱壁标本中的OPN和MMP-10的表达,并分析二者表达与肿瘤分期、分级、复发、淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果20例正常膀胱组织中,17例（85.0%）OPN表达为阴性,3例（15.0%）为弱阳性,而MMP-10未见表达;OPN在膀胱癌组织中的阳性率为73.3％（44/60）,MMP-10在膀胱癌组织中的阳性表达率为63.3％（38/60）,OPN和MMP-10在膀胱尿路上皮癌组织和正常膀胱组织表达中有明显差异（P＜0.05）。膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中,OPN及MMP-10的表达与组织病理学分级、临床分期、复发及转移呈正相关,膀胱尿路上皮癌组织中,二者之间的表达亦呈正相关关系。结论OPN及MMP-10表达强度同肿瘤分级、分期、复发、转移有关,可能作为临床评估膀胱尿路上皮癌进展及肿瘤预后的指标及在膀胱癌的进展中起协同作用。     

Plasma osteopontin levels are predictive of disease stage in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder

OBJECTIVE: To measure plasma levels of osteopontin in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, and to determine if osteopontin levels relate to disease stage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 72 consecutive patients with TCC. Clinical data were obtained from medical record reviews. Patients were divided into subgroups based on disease status (active vs inactive) and clinical and pathological stage of TCC (tumour, nodes and metastases staging system). Osteopontin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Plasma osteopontin levels were higher in patients with active TCC than in controls (P = 0.035). Plasma osteopontin levels were not significantly different between patients with active and inactive TCC, but were higher in patients with metastases than in patients with active, clinically organ-confined TCC (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma osteopontin levels increase with tumour stage in TCC of the bladder. These findings suggest that larger, more extended studies on plasma osteopontin levels in patients with TCC are warranted.     

Expression of angiopoietin-1 and -2, and its clinical significance in human bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between angiopoietin-1 and -2 expression and the clinicopathological variables and clinical outcome in patients with bladder cancer treated by surgical resection, as both have been recently identified as antagonistic angiogenic factors which regulate tumour growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of angiopoietin-1 and -2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue sections from 52 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (33 grade 1, 15 grade 2, four grade 3, including two associated with carcinoma in situ; 22 were stage Ta, 19 T1 and 11 T2 tumours). Normal bladder specimens were also resected during each operation as controls. The expression angiopoietins were related to the clinicopathological variables of the tumours. RESULTS: Positive immunostaining was detected in 18 samples (35%) for angiopoietin-1 and in 23 (44) for angiopoietin-2. There was no significant difference in survival according to tumour angiopoietin-1 status in the patients, but in contrast the overall survival of patients with angiopoietin-2-positive tumours was significantly lower than for those with angiopoietin-2-negative tumours (P < 0.05). Positive angiopoietin-2 expression was significantly correlated with histological grade (P = 0.026), histological stage (P = 0.009) and poor prognosis (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, positive angiopoietin-2 expression was an independent negative predictor for survival (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that angiopoietin-2 overexpression is associated with tumour progression, thereby indicating a poor prognosis for some patients treated by surgical resection for bladder carcinoma.     

骨肉瘤抑癌基因表达及其增殖活性的临床意义

目的 检测ｐ１６,ｐ５３基因蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原在骨肉瘤中的存在情况,探讨其与骨肉瘤发生,发展和预后的关系。方法 采用改良的免疫组化,ＡＢＣ法,对３２例骨肉瘤手术标本和１５例正常骨组织标本进行ｐ１６,ｐ５３基因蛋白,ＰＣＮＡ的检测。结果 ｐ１６,ｐ５３基因蛋白,ＰＣＮＡ的阳性表达分别为３７．５％,７５．０％,１００％,焉正常对照差异有显著性;     

前列腺癌组织中HMGA2的表达及其意义

目的探讨高迁移率族蛋白HMGA2在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组化法及RT—PCR法检测40例前列腺癌组织及良性前列腺增生组织中HMGA2的表达情况。结果RT-PCR法检测示良性前列腺增生组织中HMGA2少量表达;恶性组织中,随着病理分级增加,HMGA2mRNA相对表达量逐渐增高,免疫组化法显示前列腺癌组织中,有75．0％（30／40）HMGA2呈阳性表达。良性前列腺增生组织与前列腺癌组织两组间差异显著（t=3．32,P〈0．001）。结论HMGA2在前列腺癌中呈过度表达,并与前列腺癌病理分级有关,可能成为前列腺癌诊断与良恶性鉴别诊断的指标之一。     

The prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in breast cancer

The association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, clinicopathological variables, silver-stained nuclear organizer region (Ag-NOR) counts, and patient survival was determined in 93 patients with operable breast cancer. The EGFR expression was found to be significantly associated with the presence and number of axillary lymph node metastases (P = 0.0429), but not with age, menopausal status, tumor size, histologic type or grade, or Ag-NOR counts. In a univariate analysis, a significant difference was also observed in the survival of patients stratified by tumor size (P = 0.0091), histologic grade (P = 0.0352), axillarly lymph node metastases (P = 0.0001), and EGFR expression (P = 0.0263). However, a multivariate analysis revealed that axillarly lymph node metastases was the only strong independent predictor ol'survival (P < 0.0001). When axillary lymph node metastases were excluded from the Cox model, the EGFR expression tended to be an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0558). The results of this study thus indicate that the prognostic value of EGFR expression is limited because the EGFR expression is significantly associated with axillary lymph node metastases.     

骨肉瘤微血管密度及其临床意义

目的 探讨骨肉瘤组织中微血管密度（ＭＶＤ）与骨肉瘤患者预后的关系。方法 应用免疫组化技术检测４８例骨肉瘤组织标本中的ＭＶＤ计数,并结合临床及随访资料综合分析患者年龄,发病时间,肿瘤大小,组织亚型,ＨＤＭＴＸ化疗以及肿瘤转移与骨肉瘤ＭＶＤ之间的关系。结果 ＭＶＤ与患者年龄,发病时间,组织亚型及是否化疗无关,但ＨＤＭＴＸ明显影响肿瘤微血管的发育成熟,且肿瘤发生转移者的ＭＶＤ显著高于未发生转移者。结论     

Efficacy of routine bilateral neck dissection in the management of the N0 neck in T1-T2 unilateral supraglottic cancer

BACKGROUND: The treatment of the clinically negative (N0) neck in supraglottic laryngeal cancer continues to be an area of controversy. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term efficacy of routine bilateral neck dissection compared with ipsilateral neck dissection in T1-T2 N0 lateral supraglottic carcinomas. METHODS: A retrospective review of 108 patients who underwent surgery for T1-T2 supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma was performed. Forty-eight had undergone ipsilateral functional neck dissection, and 60 had undergone bilateral functional neck dissections. None of these patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. RESULTS: No significant differences (p = .78) in regional recurrence were observed between the patients treated with bilateral neck dissection (13%) and those treated with ipsilateral neck dissection (17%). The 5-year survival rates were 73% and 80% for the patients who received a bilateral and ipsilateral neck dissection, respectively (p = .51). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that routine bilateral neck dissection may not be necessary in the surgical treatment of all supraglottic cancers.