精子来源对卵胞浆内单精子注射临床结局及子代出生缺陷的影响

目的:探讨采用射出、经皮附睾穿刺取精术(PESA)及经皮睾丸精子取精术(TESA)获取的精子行卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)的临床结局及子代安全性.方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2011年12月因男性因素于我院生殖中心行[CSI治疗的3079个新鲜周期,按精子来源分为射精组(2199个周期)、PESA组(628个周期)、TESA组(252个周期),比较3组的胚胎发育、妊娠结局及新生儿出生缺陷的情况.结果:射精组受精率最高(78.38％),TESA组受精率最低(72.30％).射精组、PESA组的2PN受精率、卵裂率高于TESA组(74.68％、75.32％ vs 68.22％,98.82％、98.74％ vs 96.89％);PESA组临床妊娠率、胚胎植入率(53.21％、34.31％)显著高于射精组(47.11％、29.09％)及TESA组(48.71％、32.70％) (P＜0.05).PESA组的新生儿体重(2856.63±649.56)显著低于射精组(2991.73±683.19)及TESA组(2906.11 ±638.76) (P＜0.05).3组的分娩率、异位妊娠率、流产率、正常体重儿率、低出生体重儿率、极低出生体重儿率、巨大儿率、新生儿死亡率及出生缺陷率均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:PESA、TESA结合ICSI技术安全可行,且对于梗阻性无精症患者,附睾取到精子行ICSI的患者较附睾取不到精子而采用睾丸精子ICSI的患者具有更好的妊娠结局.     

3106个不同来源精子ICSI周期临床妊娠结局分析

目的:分析精子的来源对卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析因男性不育行ICSI的3 106个新鲜周期,按精子来源分为:射精组(A组)、附睾穿刺取精(PESA)组(B组)、睾丸穿刺取精(TESA)组(C组)、冻融PESA精子组(D组)及冻融TESA精子组(E组),比较各组ICSI后胚胎发育及妊娠结局情况。结果:C组2PN受精率、卵裂率显著低于A组及B组;B组临床妊娠率、胚胎植入率显著高于A组及C组,A组、B组及C组间分娩率、异位妊娠率、流产率及新生儿畸形率无统计学差异(P>0.05);E组2PN受精率显著低于D组,但B组与D组之间、C组与E组间2PN受精率、优质胚胎率、多胎率、流产率及异位妊娠率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:PESA/TESA-ICSI、冻融PESA/TESA精子技术是治疗梗阻性无精子症安全有效的方法,建议首先选择附睾取精,并可将剩余PESA/TESA精子冻存。     

体外受精-胚胎移植与单精子卵胞浆内注射妊娠结局的比较与分析

目的　探讨体外受精 胚胎移植 (IVF ET)和单精子卵胞浆内注射 (ICSI)的妊娠结局及围产儿结局。方法　回顾性分析 1999年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 6月 ,行IVF ET获得妊娠的 14 3例 (IVF ET组 )及行ICSI获得妊娠的 173例 (ICSI组 )的临床资料 ,比较两组的生化妊娠、流产、异位妊娠、多胎分娩发生率及新生儿出生体重、胎儿孕龄、先天性畸形、围产儿死亡率的情况 ;并对两组单胎、双胎妊娠的结局分别进行比较。结果　IVF ET组与ICSI组两组患者的年龄、不孕年限、产次、移植胚胎数、流产率 (16 1%、13 3% )、分娩率 (6 5 7%、74 6 % )、多胎分娩发生率 (2 7 3%、31 8% )比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。单胎妊娠中 ,IVF ET组与ICSI组低体重儿的发生率分别为 1 8%、6 8% ,小于胎龄儿的发生率分别为 7 3%、8 1% ,早产的发生率分别为 5 5 %、14 9% ;双胎妊娠中 ,IVF ET组与ICSI组低体重儿的发生率分别为 34 2 %、4 2 6 % ,小于胎龄儿的发生率分别为 30 3%、38 0 % ,早产的发生率分别为 4 2 1%、4 6 3%。两组间上述各发生率比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。但双胎妊娠中 ,上述各发生率均明显高于单胎妊娠。两者比较 ,差异均有极显著性 (P <0 0 1)。先天性畸形的发生率 ,IVF ET组与ICSI组分别为 2 2 %     

精子畸形率对卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)临床结局的影响

目的:分析畸形精子行卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)的临床结局。方法:回顾性分析因男性因素行ICSI治疗的239个新鲜取卵周期。根据精子形态学分析结果将研究对象分为:精子形态正常组(A组)、非极重度畸形精子症组(B组)和极重度畸形精子症组(C组),比较3组的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、胚胎种植率及临床妊娠率、流产率、异位妊娠率和多胎妊娠率。结果:A、B组在受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率与C组有统计学差异(分别为80.20%、81.40%和67.60%;94.91%、93.42%和79.91%;63.87%、59.30%和54.29%)(P<0.05);3组的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率、异位妊娠率、多胎妊娠率均无统计学差异(分别为26.3%、25.6%和24.2%;42.28%、45.00%和42.86%;7.94%、7.40%和25.00%;4.76%、3.70%和8.33%;31.75%、18.52%和25.00%)(P>0.05);而C组内手术取精(PESA/TESA)亚组的卵裂率低于体外排精亚组,差异有统计学意义(86.72%vs 76.11%,P<0.05)。结论:采用畸形精子行ICSI的不育患者同样可获得理想的临床结局。     

不同来源精子行ICSI助孕1662个周期治疗结局分析

目的:探讨不同来源精子行卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI)助孕的妊娠结局。方法:回顾分析我中心2006年1月~2010年6月1662个ICSI治疗周期,按精子来源分为射出精子来源(重度少、弱精子)组1208周期,附睾穿刺取精(PESA)组324周期,睾丸穿刺取精(TESA)组130周期,比较3组胚胎发育情况和妊娠结局等指标。结果:射出精子组及PESA组受精率、卵裂率及2PN率较TESA组高(79.1%,77.9%vs 73.9%;98.7%,98.8%vs 96.6%;74.6%,73.0%vs 69.5%),TESA组1PN率较射出精子组及PESA组高(3.8%vs 2.2%,2.6%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组优质胚胎率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、异位妊娠率、流产率、单胎出生率、双胎出生率、畸形率无统计学差异。结论:PESA及TESA来源精子行ICSI助孕可获得与射出精子相似的妊娠结局。     

微量精子冷冻复苏行卵胞浆内单精子注射的临床结局

目的:探讨经皮睾丸穿刺取精术(TESA)获得的微量精子经冷冻复苏后行卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗非梗阻性无精子症患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2015年10月至2017年8月在我院生殖中心因少、弱、畸形精子症行射出精子常规ICSI及非梗阻性无精子患者TESA获得的微量精子行新鲜或冷冻后ICSI治疗,共238个周期的临床资料,132个周期为常规ICSI精子组,63个周期为冷冻TESA精子组,43个周期为新鲜TESA精子组,比较3组的实验室指标和临床妊娠结局。结果:常规ICSI精子组获卵数(10.58±5.37枚)与冷冻TESA精子组(10.73±4.19枚)和新鲜TESA精子组(10.88±4.67枚)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3组患者卵子成熟率、正常受精率、优质胚胎率相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。冷冻TESA精子组的临床妊娠率、多胎率、流产率(47.62%、26.67%、6.67%)与常规ICSI精子组(48.48%、25.00%、6.25%)及新鲜TESA精子组(51.16%、22.73%、4.55%)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮睾丸穿刺取精术后对有活动精子的睾丸组织进行冷冻复苏行ICSI可以获得较好的治疗效果,也是治疗非梗阻性无精子症不育患者的有效方法。     

采用新鲜和冻融精子进行卵母细胞胞质内单精子注射的临床效果比较

目的 比较采用新鲜和冻融的睾丸及附睾精子进行卵母细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)的临床效果.方法 选择2006年9月-2007年5月因无精症于北京大学第三医院生殖医学中心行ICSI的患者208例,按患者意愿分为冻融组37例和新鲜组171例.冻融组在行ICSI前将冻存的睾丸或附睾精子解冻并复苏.观察冻融组睾丸和附睾精子的临床利用率;比较两组患者的临床结局(包括正常受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率及胚胎着床率等)和妊娠结局(包括流产率、分娩孕周及新生儿出生体重等).结果 (1)冻融组睾丸精子的临床利用率为92%(23/25),附睾精子为100%(12/12).(2)新鲜组患者的正常受精率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率及胚胎着床率分别为62.25%(973/1563)、78.9%(768/973)、44.4%(60/135)和29.3%(84/287),分别与冻融组[分别为64.53%(282/437)、79.1%(223/282)、46.9%(15/32)和33.3%(23/69)]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)新鲜组患者的流产率、单胎妊娠分娩孕周、双胎妊娠分娩孕周、单胎妊娠平均新生儿出生体重及双胎妊娠平均新生儿出生体重分别为11%(6/55)、(39.0±1.4)周、(36.8±1.7)周、(3409±393)g和(2584±266)g,分别与冻融组[分别为7%(1/15)、(38.7±0.6)周、(36.3±1.2)周、(3350±383)g和(2635±171)g]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 采用冻融的睾丸或附睾精子行ICSI安全、有效,值得在临床推广.     

不同精子参数及来源与ICSI结局的相关性研究

目的:探讨不同精子参数及来源与单精子卵胞浆内注射(ICSI)治疗结局的相关性.方法:回顾分析2010年6月至2011年12月在武汉大学人民医院生殖医学中心行ICSI助孕治疗的413个周期,根据精子质量及来源分为4组,非严重少弱的新鲜射出精子组(A1组,244个周期)、严重少弱的新鲜射出精子组(A2组,61个周期)、睾丸精子组(B组,86个周期)、冻融的射出精子组(C组,22个周期).比较4组的ICSI治疗结局.结果:4组患者的受精率、正常受精率、卵裂率、优胚率、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和早期流产率均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:精子的质量及来源不影响ICSI治疗的受精及早期妊娠结局.     

早期补救卵胞浆内单精子注射妊娠结局及新生儿出生结局评估

目的:对常规体外受精(IVF)失败的周期行早期补救性卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)后的妊娠结局及新生儿出生情况进行探讨和分析。方法:常规IVF后6小时未发现明确双极体者判断为完全受精失败,予以早期补救ICSI,纳入早期补救ICSI组(204个周期),随机选择与早期补救ICSI组患者同一日或前一日因男性因素而直接进行ICSI的204例患者纳入ICSI组(204个周期)。回顾性分析两组患者的累计临床妊娠率、流产率、异位妊娠率、累计活产率、分娩孕周及新生儿的单双胎比例、男女性别比例、出生体质量、出生缺陷等指标的差异性。结果:早期补救ICSI组与ICSI组的累计临床妊娠率、流产率、异位妊娠率、累计活产率、新生儿性别比例、新生儿出生体质量等指标的比较差异均无统计学意义(P0. 05)。早期补救ICSI组产妇的分娩孕周较ICSI组略长,双胎比率较ICSI组少,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。将分娩孕周分为单胎和双胎分别进行比较,则发现两组间差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。早期补救ICSI组的活婴中出现1例先天性心脏病出生缺陷,ICSI组的活婴中未发现出生缺陷。结论:早期补救ICSI没有增加胎儿流产及新生儿出生缺陷的风险,双胎率明显下降,怀孕周期略长,可作为常规IVF失败时的一种安全有效的补救方法。     

不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射助孕结局影响研究

目的探讨不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI)助孕结局的影响。方法回顾性分析自2015年1月至2017年3月在郑州大学第二附属医院生殖中心行ICSI治疗的584个新鲜取卵移植周期,依据精子来源分为射精组(392个周期)、经皮附睾穿刺取精(PESA)组(86个周期)、睾丸穿刺取精(TESA)组(68个周期)和供精组(38个周期)。分别比较各组相关指标和妊娠结局。结果射精组、PESA组、TESA组的女方年龄、男方年龄、不孕年限、女方体重指数、MⅡ卵数和移植胚胎数间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。射精组受精率高于PESA组(P=0.013)和TESA组(P=0.005),卵裂率高于TESA组(P=0.001);3组间优质胚胎率、新鲜移植周期胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率及流产率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。TESA组累计妊娠率低于PESA组(P=0.003);射精组与供精组间受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率及累计妊娠率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论不同来源的精子可影响ICSI的受精率和卵裂率,但对胚胎发育无显著影响,可获得相似的助孕结局;PESA是治疗梗阻性无精子症的有效方法;对非梗阻性无精症患者,用供精助孕是很好的选择,即使供精解冻后质量欠佳也不影响ICSI助孕结局。     

体外受精-胚胎移植中多胎减胎后双胎妊娠结局的分析

目的:探讨IVF-ET中多胎妊娠减胎术对双胎妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性地分析IVF-ET治疗后直接双胎妊娠124例(A组)和IVF多胎妊娠减为双胎妊娠43例(B组),比较二组孕期流产率、早产率、胎儿出生体重、胎儿畸形率、新生儿死亡率、胎盘粘连和产后出血等。结果:早期流产率A组8.1%,B组25.6%;晚期流产率A组16.9%,B组9.3%;总流产率A组25%,B组34.9%;A、B组间流产率有显著差异(P<0.01)。A、B组平均孕周(36.6±2.2周vs36.0±2.9周)、第一胎胎儿出生体重(2678.0±510.3gvs2542.5±454.8g)和第二胎胎儿出生体重(2393.4±496.8gvs2297.5±501.0g)间无统计学差异;A、B组间在母体并发症发生率、胎儿畸形率、新生儿死亡率之间也无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:IVF-ET中多胎减为双胎妊娠与IVF-ET中直接双胎妊娠相比,早期流产率明显增加。     

早发型重度先兆子痫的临床界定及保守治疗探讨

目的　探讨早发型重度先兆子痫的临床界定及保守治疗的临床意义。方法　回顾分析1988年9月至2004年4月,北京大学第三医院收治的255例无严重并发症及合并症的重度先兆子痫患者的临床资料,按重度先兆子痫发病孕周分为4组:A组<28周, 24例; B组28~31周, 50例;C组32~33周, 34例;D组≥34周, 147例。主要分析指标包括:发病孕周、终止妊娠孕周、孕周延长时间、严重并发症发生情况、胎儿及新生儿死亡率和小于孕龄儿发生率。结果　(1)A组保守治疗时间平均为(9 ±8)d,B组为(11±8)d,C组为(8±6)d,D组为(5±4)d,D组保守治疗时间与前3组比较, 差异有统计学意义(P<0 .01 )。而A、B、C各组间的保守治疗时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。A、B、C各组孕妇并发症发生率比较,差异也无统计学意义(P>0 .05 ),但与D组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0 .01);A、B组胎儿及新生儿死亡率、胎死宫内发生率与C、D组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0 .01),而C、D两组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0 .05)。(2)多因素logistic回归分析显示,重度先兆子痫发病孕周,是影响孕妇并发症发生率的重要因素,而与保守治疗时间无相关性。终止妊娠孕周是影响胎儿及新生儿死亡率的主要因素,其次为发病孕周。(3)以32孕周为界值进行多因素分析显示,终止妊娠孕周     

Perinatal outcomes of spontaneous twins compared with twins conceived through intracytoplasmic sperm injection

OBJECTIVE: To compare perinatal outcomes in spontaneous twins compared with those conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. PATIENTS: Cases consisted of 274 intracytoplasmic sperm injection twins, controls were 348 naturally conceived twins delivered between 1999 and 2003 in a tertiary hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Birth weight, gestational age at birth, cesarean delivery rate, perinatal mortality and morbidity, congenital anomalies, gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension. RESULTS: Preterm deliveries (76.6% vs. 64.1% <37 weeks and 19.7% vs. 13.2% <32 weeks) and low birth weight (73% vs. 60.3% <2500 g and 19.7% vs. 12.6% <1500 g) were significantly higher in the ICSI group compared with controls. Gestational diabetes mellitus (8% vs. 2.9%) and cesarean deliveries (95.2% vs. 77.6%) were more common in cases compared with the control group. There was a significantly higher rate of perinatal morbidity (16.4% vs. 7.8%) and mortality (8% vs. 2.6%) in ICSI twins. The incidence of congenital malformations diagnosed at birth was higher in cases (4.4%) compared with controls (0.9%) but the difference was not significant when adjusted for maternal age. CONCLUSION: Perinatal outcomes of twins after ICSI treatment are less optimal than naturally conceived twins.     

妊娠中晚期双绒毛膜双胎一胎胎死宫内妊娠结局分析

目的：比较双绒毛膜双胎之一选择性减胎与自发一胎胎死宫内（single intrauterine fetal death,SIUFD）的围生期结局,并比较不同减胎孕周对围生期结局的影响,探讨选择性减胎的临床应用。方法：纳入2011年1月—2019年12月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院产科终止妊娠的55例双胎之一胎死宫内或行选择性减胎术将双胎减至单胎的临床资料,根据减胎或死胎原因将其分为选择性减胎组（39例）和自发SIUFD组（16例）,回顾性分析比较其围生期结局。结果：55例患者总妊娠丢失率为9.1%（5例流产）,活产率为90.9%。选择性减胎组的减胎/死胎孕周明显低于自发SIUFD组,总体终止孕周、活产率明显高于自发SIUFD组,而剖宫产率、流产率则低于自发SIUFD组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组的早产率、足月产率、存活儿出生体质量、出生体质量百分位数、新生儿健康出院率、新生儿重症监护病房（neonatal intensive care unit,NICU）入住率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。根据选择性减胎的孕周将选择性减胎组再分为减胎孕周≤20周组（24例）和减胎孕周>20周组（15例）,2组新生儿出生体质量百分位数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但与减胎孕周>20周组比较,减胎孕周≤20周组的早产率低、足月产率高,存活儿出生体质量更高,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论：双胎妊娠发生SIUFD后会对存活儿围生期结局产生不良影响,对于有减胎指征者,选择性减胎有利于提高存活儿围生期的活产率及改善新生儿结局,对多胎妊娠的围生期结局有益。     

Pregnancy outcome after stillbirth

OBJECTIVE: To assess the subsequent pregnancy outcome in women with previous stillbirth. STUDY DESIGN: The study included all women (n = 54) who delivered a stillbirth between 1997 and 2001 in our department. A control group of women with live birth (n = 108) was matched for delivery within the same year, maternal age (+/- 3 years), parity (+/- 1) and gestational age at delivery (+/- 2 weeks). On February 1, 2004, the charts of these women were examined for subsequent pregnancies. RESULTS: Similar subsequent pregnancy rates were found in women with previous stillbirth and live birth (61.1% and 54.6%), respectively. There were no recurrences of stillbirth; gestational age at delivery, birth weight and Apgar score at 5 minutes were similar to those in the control group, and there was no statistically significant increase in abortion, induction or cesarean section rates. CONCLUSION: There is a favorable outcome in pregnancy following stillbirth. This information is useful for prepregnancy counseling of parents with previous stillbirth.     

Perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies discordant for major fetal anomalies

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies discordant for a major fetal anomaly and to compare with twins without anomaly. METHODS: All twin pregnancies admitted or referred to the maternal-fetal unit were prospectively entered into a computer database. Chorionicity, fetal anomaly, mean gestational age at delivery, birth weight and perinatal survival rate were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean gestational age at delivery, birth weight and perinatal survival rate of twins with and without anomaly. RESULTS: There were 48 cases of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), 2 cases of monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) and 217 twins with dichorionic (DC) placentation. Out of 267 twin pregnancies, there were 17 (6.3%) twins with fetal anomaly. Twins discordant for a major fetal anomaly were diagnosed in 13 cases (4.8%). We observed 3 cases with MCDA and 10 cases with DC placentation and the incidence of discordance for a major fetal anomaly as 4.6% (10/217) in DC and 6.0% (3/50) in MC twin pregnancies. We identified 8 cases (62%) with craniospinal, 2 (15%) with gastrointestinal, 2 (15%) with urinary system, and 1 case (8%) with both craniospinal and gastrointestinal anomalies. There were significant differences between the normal co-twin of the major anomaly group (n = 13) and twins without anomaly group (n = 235) in mean gestational age at delivery (32 vs. 34 weeks; p = 0.029), mean birth weight (1,640 vs. 2,030 g; p = 0.022) and perinatal survival rate (69.2 vs. 91.1%; p = 0.018), respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of a fetus with a major anomaly in a twin gestation increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and perinatal mortality of the normal co-twin.     

Perinatal outcome in large-for-gestational-age infants. Is it influenced by gestational impaired glucose tolerance?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the World Health Organization category of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (two-hour value of the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at 8-10.9 mmol/L) and outcome in large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants to determine whether IGT affects perinatal morbidity in addition to affecting infant size. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was performed on 461 LGA newborns (birth weight > 90th percentile) from singleton pregnancies delivering after 36 completed weeks in a 12-month period to determine the difference in perinatal outcome between nondiabetic pregnancies (n = 382) and pregnancies with diet-treated IGT (n = 79). RESULTS: The IGT group had significantly higher mean maternal age, prepregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI) but lower absolute and percent gestational weight gain and no difference in infant gestational age, birth weight, BMI, incidence of macrosomia (birth weight > or = 4,000 g) or obstetric complications. However, the IGT group had an increased incidence of Erb's palsy (OR 7.81, 95% CI 1.76-34.62), meconium aspiration syndrome (OR 5.29, 95% CI 1.27-22.02), phototherapy (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.03-5.69), sepsis (OR 2.90, 95% CI 1.25-6.74) and shoulder dystocia (OR 5.64, 95% CI 1.06-29.89) after adjusting for confounding factors (maternal age and BMI, postdate pregnancy, mode of delivery and infant sex). CONCLUSION: Despite dietary treatment, maternal IGT is associated with increased perinatal morbidity independent of its effect on fetal size.     

First trimester chorionic villus sampling versus mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis--preliminary results of a controlled prospective trial

This controlled prospective study assesses the relative risks of first trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) versus mid-trimester gentic amniocentesis (GA). CVS subjects and amniocentesis controls were comparable with regard to several confounding variables which might influence the risk of pregnancy loss including maternal age, smoking, alcohol consumption, gestational age at study entry, and history of vaginal bleeding or poor prior reproductive outcome. The most common indication for prenatal diagnosis was advanced maternal age (n = 511). In this subgroup, spontaneous abortion (less than 24 weeks) occurred in 2.9 per cent of CVS subjects versus 4.3 per cent of amniocentesis controls. The sum of spontaneous and therapeutic abortions (less than 24 weeks) was identical (5.3 per cent) in both groups. Therefore, intervention in the CVS group (i.e., therapeutic abortion for cytogenetic abnormalities) did not influence the observed risk of pregnancy loss. Overall perinatal mortality rates were also similar in both groups. No significant differences were identified for a number of pregnancy outcome parameters including 5 min Apgar score, birth weight, body length, head circumference, gestational age at delivery, preterm delivery, fetal growth retardation, congenital malformations, and neonatal complications. Preliminary results of this controlled prospective study suggest that chorionic villus sampling carries a low and acceptable risk.     

心脏手术后妊娠分娩217例临床分析

目的:探讨心脏病患者孕前行心脏手术对妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析1993年1月至2010年9月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院妇产科收治的行心脏手术后妊娠及分娩的217例患者的临床资料,并与同期住院心脏疾病谱相同的孕前未行心脏手术的217例患者进行比较。结果:(1)手术组患者中先天性心脏病171例(78.80%),风湿性心脏病35例(16.13%),心律失常11例(5.07%)。(2)手术组患者中行先天性心房间隔缺损修补术60例(27.65%),室间隔缺损修补术47例(21.66%),动脉导管结扎/封堵术22例(10.14%),法洛氏四(三/五)联症矫治术25例(11.52%);风心二尖瓣换瓣/球囊扩张/成形/分离术28例(12.90%),二尖瓣、主动脉瓣联合换瓣术6例(2.76%);心脏起搏器术6例(2.76%),射频消融术5例(2.30%)等。(3)手术组患者孕期心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级209例(96.31%),心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级8例(3.69%),对照组患者孕期心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级183例(84.33%),心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级34例(15.67%)。手术组患者的孕前心功能分级与对照组比较无统计学意义(P=0.088),但孕期心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者多于对照组,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级者明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。(4)手术组与对照组孕期发生急性心功能衰竭分别为4例(1.84%)、18例(8.29%),严重心律失常分别为1例(0.46%)、8例(3.69%);足月产儿分别为189例(87.10%)、147例(67.74%),早产儿分别为24例(11.06%)、57例(26.27%),小于胎龄儿分别为16例(12.44%)、42例(19.35%),新生儿窒息分别为3例(1.38%)、15例(6.91%),治疗性流产分别为2例(0.92%)、12例(5.53%),两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)手术组中无孕产妇及围产儿死亡,对照组中孕产妇死亡2例(0.92%),围产儿死亡2例(0.92%)。结论:妊娠前心脏手术可改善患者孕期的心功能,约96%的患者心脏手术后心功能为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,能顺利妊娠及分娩,且妊娠结局良好。