107. 体外致敏鼻咽癌患者B细胞构建抗独特型噬菌体抗体库

根据Jerne免疫网络理论,抗独持型抗体（Ab2β）在三维空间能够模拟Ab1所识别的抗原结构,可以替代肿瘤抗原作为抗肿瘤疫苗,激发机体体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。抗独特型抗体的这种分子模拟功能在肿瘤免疫治疗领域已展示出诱人的前景。但因杂交瘤技术制备的单克隆抗独特型抗体为鼠源性抗体,临床应用受到极大的限制。为解决这一难题,本实验采用体外致敏法结合噬菌体呈现技术构建鼻咽癌抗独特型噬菌体抗体库。以本室制备的抗鼻咽癌单抗FC2（Ab1）为免疫原,体外致敏并用EBV转化10例鼻咽癌患者PBMC,经Sandwich ELISA检测其中8例有Ab2产生。抽提致敏、转化的鼻咽癌患者B细胞的总RNA,用cDNA合成试剂盒反转录为cDNA,经多次PCR扩增出5种VH（γ、μ)和9种VL（κ、λ）基因,经简并组成15种ScFv基因,在体外与载体fuse5连接,电导入大肠杆菌MC1061,经四环素抗性筛选,得到库容为1．1×107的初级噬菌体抗体库。随机挑取20个菌落检查噬菌体DNA中全长ScFv基因的插入率为70％。这不仅为进一步用抗鼻咽癌单抗亲和筛选具有内影像特点的抗独特型单链抗体（Ab2βScFv）奠定了基础,而且说明外致敏法结合噬菌体抗体库技术制备人源化Ab2βScFv的策略是完全可行的。     

大肠癌相关抗原体外致敏法构建人源抗体库

建立杂交瘤单抗亲和层析纯化抗原、抗原体外致敏淋巴细胞和RT-PCR克隆人抗体基因及噬菌体呈现技术构建人源抗体库的策略.将亲和层析纯化的大肠癌相关抗原CA-Hb3经SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹鉴定后,与IL-2和丝裂原于体外致敏10个大肠癌病人各10ml外周血淋巴细胞(PBL),出现淋巴母细胞化和集落形成现象,提取总RNA并纯化mRNA,经RT-PCR扩增3种VH-CHI(γ)基因和5种VL-CL(κλ)基因,再经PCR克隆3种VH(γ)和8种VL(κλ)基因.通过(Gly_4Ser)_3相应的寡核苷酸连接序列将VH和VL基因不同组合连成24种单链抗体(ScFv)基因,经 SfiI酶切,将之克隆入fUSE 5RF,用电穿孔法将此表达载体转化MC1061,四环素抗性筛选得到10~6库容的初级抗体库,ScFv基因插入百分率为85%.该策略将可能普遍用于鼠源单抗人源化.     

全人源抗乳腺癌噬菌体单链抗体库的构建

目的:利用噬菌体展示技术构建全人源性抗乳腺癌单链抗体库。方法:从临床获取未化疗乳腺癌病人外周血样30份,分离出单个核细胞(PBMC),提取总RNA,用RT-PCR技术逆转录获得cDNA,并扩增出全套人抗体重链(VH)和轻链(VL)基因,经重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR),在体外将两者连接成单链抗体(scFv)基因片段,将该片段用Sfi I和Not I酶切后克隆至pCantab5E噬菌体载体,电转化TG1感受态菌,收集培养后平板上的菌落,即构建初级噬菌体单链抗体库。结果:得到长度约为360bp和340bp的VH和VL,拼接后得到的scFv长度约为750bp;经PCR初步鉴定插入率约为80%,BstN 1多样性酶切检验,酶切图谱呈多样性。经测序验证,最终获得库容约为2.4×106pfu/ml初级单链抗体库。结论:本研究获得了全人源抗乳腺癌噬菌体单链抗体库,为下一步筛选抗人乳腺癌细胞特异性单链抗体奠定了基础。     

全人源抗乳腺癌噬菌体单链抗体库的构建

目的：利用噬菌体展示技术构建全人源性抗乳腺癌单链抗体库。方法：从临床获取未化疗乳腺癌病人外周血样30份,分离出单个核细胞（PBMC）,提取总RNA,用RT-PCR技术逆转录获得cDNA,并扩增出全套人抗体重链（VH）和轻链（VL）基因,经重叠延伸PCR（SOE-PCR）,在体外将两者连接成单链抗体（scFv）基因片段,将该片段用Sfi I和Not I酶切后克隆至pCantab5E噬菌体载体,电转化TG1感受态菌,收集培养后平板上的菌落,即构建初级噬菌体单链抗体库。结果：得到长度约为360bp和340bp的VH和VL,拼接后得到的scFv长度约为750bp;经PCR初步鉴定插入率约为80%,BstN 1多样性酶切检验,酶切图谱呈多样性。经测序验证,最终获得库容约为2.4×106pfu/ml初级单链抗体库。结论：本研究获得了全人源抗乳腺癌噬菌体单链抗体库,为下一步筛选抗人乳腺癌细胞特异性单链抗体奠定了基础。     

结肠癌单抗MC5的噬菌体呈现型单链可变区片段的制备

背景与目的：MC5是一种特异性良好的针对人结肠癌的鼠源性单克隆抗体,而将鼠源性抗体小型化可使其用于在体研究时引起人抗鼠抗体反应的可能性大大降低。本研究的目的是制备MC5的噬菌体呈现型单链可变区片段（ScFv)。方法：从分泌MC5的杂交瘤细胞分离mRNA,RT-PCR分别扩增抗体的重,轻链可变区DNA（VH和VL DNA）,两者经linker DNA连接形成ScFvDNA,将ScFvDNA与噬粒载体pCANTAB5E的连接产物转化于大肠杆菌TG1,经M13KO7辅助噬菌体感染后,获得重组噬菌体抗体ScFv,以高表达MC5结合抗原的细胞株SW480对重组噬菌体抗体ScFv进行两轮筛选后,随机挑取克隆经ELISA筛选呈现MC5 ScFv的噬菌体单克隆,经竞争ELISA对阳性克隆结合抗原的能力进行鉴定。结果：VH,VL和ScFvDNA分别约为340bp,320bp和750bp,在随机筛检的25个克隆中得到10个呈现MC5ScFv的噬菌体单克隆,其中结合抗原能力强的克隆有3个,结论：用噬菌体呈现技术成功地制备了单抗MC5的ScFv,为拓展该抗体的应用范围奠定了基础。     

抗内毒素噬菌体抗体库的构建及筛选

目的构建一个鼠源性的抗内毒素单链噬菌体抗体库,从中筛选出对内毒素具有较高亲和力的单链抗体。方法从小鼠脾细胞中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR技术扩增出小鼠抗体重链、轻链可变区基因（VH,VL）,用Linker将VH,VL交联形成单链抗体可变区片段（ScFv）。经NotⅠ,SfiⅠ双酶切后与经同样双酶切的pCANTAB5E载体相连,转化入大肠杆菌TG1以构建鼠抗内毒素单链噬菌体抗体库。在援救噬菌体抗体库后,用内毒素淘筛特异性的ScFv,富集的噬菌体阳性克隆重新感染TG1。在96孔板分别援救单个含特异性ScFv的TG1菌落,最后随机挑选出190个菌落经ELISA检测抗内毒素ScFv。结果小鼠血清中抗内毒素的效价为1∶12800。提取的总RNA浓度为12.3813μg/ml,纯度较好。扩增出的VH长约340bp,VL约320bp,ScFv约800bp。转化入TG1后有约1.9×107个菌落。淘筛一轮过后即有3×104阳性菌落长出,190个菌落经ELISA检测有2个阳性克隆。结论成功地构建了一个库容量为1.9×107的鼠抗内毒素单链噬菌体抗体库,并从中筛选出了2株抗内毒素ScFv。     

人源性肺癌噬菌体展示单链抗体库的构建

目的:构建人源性肺癌噬菌体单链抗体库,为筛选肺癌相关抗原的抗体奠定基础。方法:提取肺癌转移淋巴结总RNA,用RT-PCR技术扩增人抗体重链可变区(VH)和轻链可变区(VL)基因,在体外将VH和VL连接成单链抗体(ScFv)基因,并克隆到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB 5E中,电转化至感受态的大肠杆菌TG1,经辅助噬菌体超感染,形成噬菌体单链抗体库,采用限制性内切酶鉴定其多样性。结果:从肺癌转移淋巴结中成功提取RNA,逆转录PCR扩增出人可变区基因,连接形成单链抗体,最终构建了库容为1.2×108的抗人肺癌单链抗体库。BstNⅠ酶切法证明构建的抗体库具有良好的多样性。结论:成功地构建了噬菌体展示的抗人肺癌单链抗体库,为进一步筛选肺癌相关蛋白的可溶性抗体奠定了基础。     

用抗独特型疫苗主动免疫增强鼻咽癌病人的IL-2mRNA表达

用两株具有鼻咽癌相关抗原内影像的抗独特型单克隆抗体2H4,5D3,经氢氧化铝凝胶沉淀法制备成抗独特型疫苗Alum-2H4,Alum-5D3,对19例晚期鼻咽癌放疗病人作主动免疫治疗,9例放疗加生理盐水注射为对照组.用ELISA检测治疗前后病人血清抗体和细胞因子水平.用原位Northem杂交检测外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)IL-2mRNA的表达.发现接受Alum-2H4或Alum-5D3治疗的病人无1例有过敏或其他毒副反应,血清中均检测到抗抗独特型抗体(Ab3)、抗肿瘤抗体(Ab1’)水平均有不同程度的增高,但也产生了人抗鼠抗体(HAMA).血清细胞因子TNF-α,IFN-γ和IL-2水平在大多     

鼻咽癌抗独特型单克隆抗体的主动免疫初探

用湖南鼻咽癌细胞株HNI2为免疫原,制备了数株抗鼻咽癌单抗(Abl).再用两株Abl(FC_2、HNI-5)为免疫原,制备了两株抗独特型单抗Ab2(2H4和5D3).体外和体内实验证实,2H4、5D3能替代鼻咽癌抗原,诱导体液和细胞免疫应答.因而认为它们可以作为新型抗鼻咽癌疫苗的候选物.选择19例晚期鼻咽癌病人用氢氧化铝凝胶沉淀的Ab2(Alum-2H4、Alum5D3),配合放疗进行主动免疫治疗;9例单纯接受放疗的晚期鼻咽癌病人作为对照组.经血清学检测发现,治疗组病人的抗抗独特型抗体(Ab3)、抗肿瘤抗体(Ab1’)水平均有不同程度增高,但也产生了人抗鼠抗体(HAMA).血清细胞因子TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-2水平在大多数治疗组病人中升高,而对照组Ab1 TNF-α、IFN-γIFM及IL-2血清水平均未升高.初步临床研究显示,鼠源性抗独特型单抗用于临床治疗是安全的,且Ab2能模拟肿瘤相关抗原,激发机体产生主动免疫应答.     

构建人源抗体库并筛选高亲和力抗大肠癌单链抗体

鼠源杂交瘤单克隆抗体用于体内时,由于其分子量大不易穿透入组织及诱发人体产生抗小鼠抗体(HAMA)反应,在体内应用效果不理想.为此,必须将鼠源单抗人源化.最好的策略是用噬菌体技术构建抗体库.但人淋巴细胞未经体内/外致敏,不易筛出特异性和亲和力高的抗体.国内外尚无结合体外致敏法和噬菌体呈现技术以改造鼠源单抗的报导.本研究拟建立抗原体外致敏淋巴细胞,RT-PCR克隆人抗体基因,噬菌体呈现技术构建人源抗体库并用单抗纯化的抗原筛选抗体库的策略,以人源化鼠源单抗Hb3.方法与结果:首先,用Hb3亲和层析纯化大肠癌相关抗原CA-Hb3,该抗原经SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹鉴定后,与IL-2和丝裂原于体     

Construction and selection of human anti-idiotypic antibody single chain variable fragments or CDR3 fragments of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with NPC were immunized in vitro by anti-NPC monoclonal antibody FC2 and transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Detection showed that of 10 NPC patients, 8 patients' B cells immunized by FC2 and transformed by EBV produced anti-idiotypic antibodies to NPC. Five types of VH genes and 7 types of VL genes were obtained by RT-PCR amplification and then connected with (Gly4Ser)3 linker to form 14 types of scFv genes. ScFv genes digested with Sfi I were cloned into vector fUSE5 and transformed into E. coli MC 1061. Phage anti-idiotypic antibody library with 1.5 x 10(8) clones was obtained. After four rounds of panning, 270 phage clones were selected randomly and 91 FC2-positive clones were obtained by Sandwich ELISA, the positive ratio was 33.7%. 5 clones (D83, E92, G22, I50, I54), which might display beta type Ab2 scFv, were selected by binding inhibition test. These 5 phage anti-idiotypic antibodies were further analyzed by DNA sequencing. The VDJ regions of G22, I50, I54 belonged to VH4-39-D4-11-JH3-linker-V1-19-JL2, VH4-4-D4-11-JH6 and VH4-31-D4-11-JH6, respectively. E92 had the same VDJ regions with G22; D83 had the same VDJ regions with 150. So, a strategy for preparing and selecting beta type Ab2 scFv or CDR by means of immunization in vitro, EBV transformation and phage display technique is feasible, which paves a way for preparing cancer vaccine using beta type Ab2 scFv.     

ISOLATION OF ENDOTOXIN-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES BY SELECTION OF AN SINGLE CHAIN PHAGE ANTIBODY LIBRARY

The development of antibody is now in the era of genetic engineered antibody after polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibody. Among this, the technique of phage antibody library that is based on Smith抯 phage surface display system reported in 1985[1] has great potential in not only the preparation of human originated antibody but also the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. According to recent data, related papers have been increasingly reported on malignant melanoma[2-4], tumor-associated an…     

人源抗肝癌单链抗体库的构建及初步鉴定

目的构建人源抗肝癌单链抗体基因噬菌体表面呈现文库。方法利用噬菌体表面呈现技术,构建基因文库,经过panning筛选富集后,用ELISA方法检验抗原结合活性。结果从30个噬菌体克隆中筛选到8个具有肝癌细胞株SMMC7721结合活性的阳性克隆。结论从外周血淋巴细胞中获取可变区基因,利用噬菌体抗体库技术制备人源抗肝癌单链抗体的策略是可行的。     

Active immunotherapy with anti-idiotypic antibody for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)

Two anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2), designated 2H4 and 5D3, against two antitumor antibodies Ab1 (FC2 and HNL5) that recognize nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) associated antigen were generated. They could substitute NPC antigen to induce humoral and cellular immune response against NPC cells in syngeneic mice. Nineteen patients with NPC at stage IV were chosen for active immunotherapy. They were treated with aluminum hydroxide-precipitated Ab2 2H4 or 5D3 accompanying radiotherapy. None of the immunization of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) was associated with toxicity or allergies reactions. Nine patients with radiotherapy alone served as control. Both anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) and anti-NPC antibodies (Ab1') were increased and human anti-mouse Ig antibodies (HAMA) occurred in nineteen patients of the experimental group; whereas the levels of Ab1' did not rise in the control group. Serum IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha levels were increased in most patients in the experimental group, while in the control group, there were no differences of Ab1' and cytokine level between pretherapy and posttherapy. In addition, IL-2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of NPC patients was closely related to serum IL-2 (r = +0.8829) by in situ hybridization. Therefore, mouse anti-idiotypic antibodies 2H4 and 5D3 are safe for active immunotherapy and might enhance humoral and/or cellular immunity of NPC patients receiving radiotherapy.     

Isolation and characterisation of a human anti-idiotypic scFv used as a surrogate tumour antigen to elicit an anti-HER-2/neu humoral response in mice

HER-2/neu is a tumour antigen that is overexpressed in human breast tumours. Among the vaccine strategies developed to overcome immune tolerance to self-proteins, vaccination with anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies has been described as a promising approach for treatment of several malignant diseases. To develop an active immunotherapy for cancer patients positive for HER-2/neu, we investigated immunisation with human anti-Id single-chain fragments (scFv) mimicking the conformation of HER-2/neu protein to induce a humoral response in mice. We selected by phage display two human anti-Id scFv (Ab2beta) directed against trastuzumab F(ab')2 fragments (Ab1), a humanised anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody. Using competitive ELISA and Biacore biosensor analysis, we showed that anti-Id scFv 40 and scFv 69 could inhibit HER-2/neu binding to trastuzumab. Following vaccination of BALB/c mice with the soluble or phage-displayed scFv, Ab3 polyclonal antibodies, and among them Ab1' antibodies able to bind HER-2/neu, were detected in the sera of the immunised mice. These results demonstrate that the human anti-Id scFv could act as a surrogate antigen for HER-2/neu. The present study strongly suggests that the novel 30 kDa human mini-antibody could be used as an anti-idiotype-based vaccine formulation to induce an effective humoral response in patients bearing HER-2/neu-positive tumours.     

人源噬菌体抗体对Peroxiredoxin I高表达肺腺癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

背景与目的：研究表明过氧化物酶Peroxiredoxin I （Prx I）与癌症的发展有密切关系。我们已通过噬菌体展示技术构建了肺腺癌相关的人源单链抗体库。本研究对该库进行筛选,得到抗PrxI肺腺癌单链抗体,并检测其对肺腺癌细胞A549增殖的抑制作用。方法：PCR法检测TG1中scFv基因插入率,1％琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定蹄I和Not I双酶切质粒的结果,以A549细胞及在肺癌中高表达的抗氧化蛋白PrxI为靶抗原分别对抗体库进行3轮筛选富集。将阳性克隆用IPTG诱导表达并进行检测。放射性核素计数法测定细胞单链抗体内摄水平,MTT法及流式细胞术检测单链抗体对A549细胞的增殖抑制和凋亡情况,免疫印迹法检测抗体作用A549细胞后PrxI的表达水平。结果：scFv基因插入率为77％,双酶切鉴定检测到目的条带。在亲和筛选过程中．肺腺癌单链抗体得到富集,收获率逐轮提高,第6轮为第1轮的180倍。ELISA法检测到在随机选取的10个克隆中．有6个与A549细胞呈阳性反应,阳性率60％。SDS-PAGE及ELISA检测证实得到人源抗Prx I肺腺癌单链抗体。被A549细胞内摄的单链抗体介导了细胞的凋亡以及细胞内PrxI蛋白表达水平的下降。结论：从噬菌体抗体库中筛选获得具有较高特异性的抗PrxI肺腺癌单链抗体。单链抗体与肺腺癌细胞有特异性亲和力,并能有效抑制其增殖。     

Human anti-CD30 recombinant antibodies by guided phage antibody selection using cell panning

In various clinical studies, Hodgkin's patients have been treated with anti-CD30 immunotherapeutic agents and have shown promising responses. One of the problems that appeared from these studies is the development of an immune response against the nonhuman therapeutics, which limits repeated administration and reduces efficacy. We have set out to make a recombinant, human anti-CD30 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody, which may serve as a targeting moiety with reduced immunogenicity and more rapid tumour penetration in similar clinical applications. Rather than selecting a naive phage antibody library on recombinant CD30 antigen, we used guided selection of a murine antibody in combination with panning on the CD30-positive cell line L540. The murine monoclonal antibody Ki-4 was chosen as starting antibody, because it inhibits the shedding of the extracellular part of the CD30 antigen. This makes the antibody better suited for CD30-targeting than most other anti-CD30 antibodies. We have previously isolated the murine Ki-4 scFv by selecting a mini-library of hybridoma-derived phage scFv-antibodies via panning on L540 cells. Here, we report that phage display technology was successfully used to obtain a human Ki-4 scFv version by guided selection. The murine variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain genes of the Ki-4 scFv were sequentially replaced by human V gene repertoires, while retaining only the major determinant for epitope-specificity: the heavy-chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) of murine Ki-4. After two rounds of chain shuffling and selection by panning on L540 cells, a fully human anti-CD30 scFv was selected. It competes with the parental monoclonal antibody Ki-4 for binding to CD30, inhibits the shedding of the extracellular part of the CD30 receptor from L540 cells and is thus a promising candidate for the generation of anti-CD30 immunotherapeutics.     

Anti-idiotypic antibody as the surrogate antigen for cloning scFv and its fusion proteins

Single-chain variable fragment (ScFv) is a versatile building block for novel targeting constructs. However, a reliable screening and binding assay is often the limiting step for antigens that are difficult to clone or purify. Anti-idiotypic antibodies may be useful as surrogate antigens for cloning scFv and their fusion proteins. 8H9 is a murine IgG(1) monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for a novel antigen expressed on the cell surface of a wide spectrum of human solid tumors, but not in normal tissues. Rat anti-8H9-idiotypic hybridomas (clones 2E9, 1E12, and 1F11) were produced by somatic cell fusion between rat lymphocytes and mouse SP2/0 myeloma. In direct binding assays enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay--(ELISA)--they were specific for the 8H9 idiotope. Using 2E9 as the surrogate antigen, 8H9-scFv was cloned from hybridoma cDNA by phage display. 8H9scFv was then fused to human-gamma1-CH2-CH3 cDNA for transduction into CHO and NSO cells. High expressors of mouse scFv-human Fc chimeric antibody were selected. The secreted homodimer reacted specifically with antigen-positive tumor cells by ELISA and by flow cytometry, inhibitable by the anti-idiotypic antibody. The reduced size resulted in a shorter half-life in vivo, while achieving comparable tumor to nontumor ratio as the native antibody 8H9. However, its in vitro activity in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was modest.     

与肺癌源性HSP70特异性结合单链融合抗体的筛选与序列分析

目的从人源性肺癌噬菌体单链抗体库中筛选与肺癌源性HSP70特异性结合的融合抗体。方法以肺癌源性的HSP70为抗原,对人源性肺癌噬菌体单链抗体库中经四轮筛选,单克隆噬菌体抗体与抗原HSP70结合经ELISA检测筛选出阳性菌株,再经PCR进一步鉴定,确定含有单链抗体基因的克隆并测序,测序结果通过GeneBank比对进行同源性分析。结果获得了1个特异性强的阳性噬菌体克隆。经DNA测序后,在Genebank中与人的免疫球蛋白库进行比对,确定为单链抗体片段。结论从人源性肺癌噬菌体单链抗体库中筛选到与HSP70特异性结合的具有功能活性的单链融合抗体,为进一步的HSP70可溶性抗体的制备以及以可溶性HSP70抗体为载体的药物导向抗肿瘤治疗奠定了基础。