国人小肠胚胎发育的扫描电镜及光镜观察

用扫描电镜及光镜观察了６周胚～３６周胎小肠的组织发生，结果表明：从６周起至３月末肠壁首先出现矮隆突，随后形成球形结节、多边柱状体，最后转变为指状绒毛，从十二指肠、空肠至回肠，绒毛的形成和肠壁的组织发生都呈现近端～远端成熟的梯度，可见到绒毛分支和纵裂?１８周后３段小肠绒毛形状方出现各自的特点。３段小肠杯状细胞主要分泌中性和酸性粘液。１８～３２周时见回肠的杯状细胞产生硫酸粘液。６～１２周时十二指肠的微     

胎儿胃肠胰组织阿片肽的分布和发育

用放射免疫法测定了24例10～40周胎儿胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠及胰腺内β-内啡肽、甲硫脑啡肽、亮脑啡肽的浓度.发现10周胎儿胃肠胰组织内已有少量β-内啡肽、甲硫脑啡肽、亮脑啡肽存在;胃内β-内啡肽发育的高峰浓度在15～20周,小肠及胰腺高峰浓度在21～25周,结肠的高峰浓度在26～30周;胃肠胰组织内甲硫脑啡肽及亮脑啡肽的发育高峰浓度均在21～25周;β-内啡肽、亮脑啡肽及甲硫脑啡肽在胎儿发育期间,以胃窦、小肠上段及胰腺浓度较高,回肠、结肠浓度较低;在相同胎龄同一器官内甲硫脑啡肽的浓度比亮脑啡肽的浓度高0.5～3倍,而比β-内啡肽高2～25倍.对上述阿片肽在胎儿胃肠胰组织的分布及发育过程进行了讨论.     

人胎小肠内胰岛淀粉样多肽及5-羟色胺免疫反应细胞的个体发生

目的 探讨胰岛淀粉样多肽免疫反应(IAPP-IR)细胞和5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫反应细胞(EC细胞)在人胎小肠中的个体发生及IAPP与5-HT的关系。方法 免疫组织化学技术。结果 胎期小肠内IAPP-IR细胞仅见于十二指肠。16周开始，在十二指肠绒毛上皮细胞间可见单个散在的IAPP-IR细胞；22～27周，其细胞数量则逐渐增多，主要分布于肠腺中。EC细胞可见于胎期小肠各段，并随着胎龄增长，其细胞密度大小依次为十二指肠、空肠、回肠。11周，在小肠3段绒毛上皮和尚未分化完全的肠腺细胞间已可见该种细胞；17～21周，数量达最多，主要分布于绒毛根部和肠腺的上皮细胞问；22周后，EC细胞呈渐少趋势。免疫组织化学邻片单染比较，未见IAPP和5-HT在同一细胞内有共存现象。结论 IAPP、5-HT在人胎小肠的内分泌细胞中已有表达。IAPP-IR细胞及EC细胞随着胎儿的发育而发生不同变化。     

人胎小肠胰多肽及5-羟色胺免疫反应性细胞的个性发生

实验收集11～30周因故中止妊娠、水囊引产的人胎26例。取十二指肠、空肠、回肠组织。Bouin液固定,石蜡包埋,制成5μm厚的连续切片,用PAP法显示PP细胞和EC细胞。结果表明,胎期小肠的PP细胞主要见于十二指肠。11周PP细胞数量很少,分散在小肠腺及绒毛上皮间。13～19周,此细胞呈增多趋势。20～30周,除小肠腺和绒毛上皮外,在十二指肠腺上皮也偶见PP细胞。胎期小肠的PP细胞形态多样,有开放型,也有闭合型。PP细胞尚偶见于空肠上皮,回肠中未见到该细胞。胎期小肠的EC细胞数量多,分布于小肠三段。11周已明显可见。回肠最少。16周后,EC细胞尚…     

人胎儿胃肠道5-HT免疫反应细胞的发生学研究

作者用免疫组织化学方法对40例8～38周人胎儿胃肠道5-HT免疫反应细胞(EC细胞)的发生进行了研究。收集水囊引产胎儿后,立即按胃体、胃窦、十二指肠、空肠、回肠及结肠6个部位取材,用Bouin液于4℃固定24小时,常规脱水,二甲苯透明,石蜡包埋,切片5μm。按Larsson的PAP法,对胃肠道中EC细胞进行定位观察(所用第一抗体为兔抗5-HT血清),用PBS代替兔抗5-HT血清作为对照。结果表明,该细胞最早见于8～9周胎儿十二指肠;12周以后,则从胃至结肠均可见到。十二指肠及回肠粘膜中EC细胞最多,     

衰老对小鼠肠黏膜上皮屏障功能影响的实验研究

目的:研究衰老对小鼠肠黏膜上皮屏障结构与功能的影响。方法:雄性SPF 级C57BL/6 小鼠按发育阶段的 不同分为1 月龄组、6 月龄组、10 月龄组、12 月龄组。采用HE 染色、PAS(高碘酸鄄Schiff 试剂)染色、甲苯胺蓝染色对小肠黏膜 形态与结构进行观察测量并统计免疫细胞数量;免疫组织化学染色检测紧密连接蛋白(Occludin)的表达。结果:随着月龄增 加,小鼠小肠各段绒毛长度均呈降低趋势,相同月龄不同肠段相比,绒毛长度从十二指肠到空肠、回肠呈递减趋势。十二指肠 绒毛宽度呈先增高后降低趋势,空肠和回肠绒毛宽度呈下降趋势。十二指肠隐窝深度随月龄增高呈增高趋势,空肠和回肠的 隐窝深度随月龄增长呈先增高后降低趋势。随月龄增长,小鼠十二指肠、空肠、回肠各肠段中上皮内淋巴细胞数和肠壁固有 层肥大细胞呈先增高后降低趋势,杯状细胞数呈下降趋势。小肠上皮黏膜组Occludin 表达随着月龄升高逐渐减少。结论:衰 老过程中,小鼠小肠形态发生了一系列结构性改变,黏膜组织中免疫细胞数量减少,肠黏膜上皮屏障免疫相关功能下降。     

胆囊收缩素在发育中小鼠胃肠道内的表达

目的:观察发育中小鼠胃肠道胆囊收缩素免疫阳性(CCK-IR)细胞的发生、分布、形态和数量变化.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法观察小鼠胚胎11d至出生后45d胃肠道内的CCK-IR细胞.结果:小鼠胚胎16d小肠内出现CCK-IR细胞,胚胎期细胞散在分布于小肠绒毛上皮内,出生后可见于绒毛上皮和固有层的肠腺中.胚胎19d结肠内出现CCK-IR细胞,主要分布在结肠黏膜上皮和肠腺中.小鼠的胃体部仅于胚胎18、19d时偶见CCK-IR细胞;而胃窦部在胚胎期和出生后均未见CCK-IR细胞.从胚胎期直至出生后发育成熟,小肠和结肠内的CCK-IR细胞的数量持续增多,生后30d数量达高峰.结论:从胚胎期至生后30d,小鼠小肠与结肠内的CCK-IR细胞数量持续增加,并可见CCK-IR细胞伸出突起至其他细胞之间,细胞外也可见到免疫反应阳性物质.提示该细胞除内分泌外,还可能以旁分泌方式影响周围细胞的功能活动,其分泌的CCK可能促进小肠和结肠的生长发育.     

长爪沙鼠胃肠道Cajal间质细胞的形态学

目的 探讨长爪沙鼠胃肠道Cajal间质细胞（ICCs）的形态和分布规律。 方法 采用10只成年长爪沙鼠,体重50~70g,取胃、小肠、结肠制作冷冻切片,结合全层铺片的c-Kit免疫荧光染色。结果 ICCs呈网络状分布于整个胃肠道,不同部位ICCs的分布及形态有所不同。在胃底部,仅见肌内ICCs(ICC-IM）,而在胃体和胃窦部除ICC-IM外,可见肌间ICCs(ICC-MY)分布在肌间神经丛周围;其细胞密度胃底ICC-IM最多,由胃底至胃窦逐渐减少,而ICC-MY由胃体至胃窦逐渐增多。在小肠可见ICC-IM, ICC-MY和深肌层ICCs(ICC-DMP)3个亚群,结肠管壁内也分布有ICC-IM、ICC-MY和黏膜下ICCs(ICC-SM)3个亚群。结论 沙鼠可用于有关ICCs正常形态、结构及功能的研究。     

先天性膈疝伴多脏器畸形1例

死胎为妊娠 39+ 1周 ,Ｘ线发现心脏位于右侧胸腔 ,左侧可见肠袢状阴影。行剖宫产 ,婴儿产后全身青紫 ,复苏困难。出生体重 34 70 ｇ ,胎盘重 870ｇ。小儿外观腹部空虚 ,颈蹼明显。遗传学检查 :染色体未见异常。血清学检查 :母亲、胎儿单纯疱疹病毒和巨细胞病毒阳性。眼观　死胎皮肤、口唇紫绀 ,全身水肿。颈项短粗 ,颈两侧呈蹼状。腹部下陷。外生殖器双阴道口。两侧耳廓被毛。左横膈后、外侧部缺损 ,内前部游离的横膈呈镰刀状嵌入肝。部分胃、小肠、阑尾、大部结肠、部分脾脏疝入左胸腔 ;脾脏 2 / 3及胃 1/ 2疝入右下胸腔 ,借一透明膜 (食管…     

大鼠不同部位小肠形态学的增龄变化

目的:观察大鼠小肠增龄形态学的改变。方法:选择3、9、24月龄大鼠小肠组织制作石蜡切片,H-E染色,显微镜下测量小肠绒毛高度(V)、隐窝深度(C)、V/C值、绒毛宽度、黏膜层厚度、黏膜下层厚度、肌层厚度。结果:从十二指肠到回肠,绒毛宽度、绒毛高度、黏膜层厚度、V/C值依次下降而隐窝深度则依次上升。大鼠空肠和回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、黏膜层厚度,从3月龄到9月龄呈增高趋势,9月龄到24月龄降低。空肠和回肠绒毛宽度随月龄升高呈下降趋势。回肠黏膜下层厚度随月龄增高而降低,空肠3月龄到9月龄呈降低趋势,24月龄稍有升高但低于3月龄。十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、黏膜层厚度、黏膜下层厚度24月龄最高,绒毛宽度3月龄到9月龄呈降低趋势,24月龄增高但低于3月龄。小肠肌层厚度3月龄到9月龄呈增长趋势,9月龄到24月龄降低。结论:随着年龄的增长,大鼠小肠管壁发生一些形态学的退行性改变如肌层厚度变薄,绒毛宽度变窄,空肠和回肠绒毛高度、黏膜层厚度和隐窝深度降低。     

CK20 expression in the gastrointestinal tract of the embryo and fetus]

A novel type of cytokeratin, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), was added in 1990 to the classic catalog of human cytokeratins, a heterogeneous group of proteins present in almost all epithelia. In man, the expression of CK20 is almost entirely confined to the gastro-intestinal epithelium, to the urothelium and to Merkel cells. Since only few data are available regarding the expression of CK20 in the developing human intestinal mucosa, we studied CK20 immunoreactivity in fetal and neonatal human gut. Immunoreactivity for CK20 was tested in fetuses and newborns, from the twelfth up to the fortieth week of gestation. In each subject, a specimen from the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, appendix was studied. Tissue samples were routinely processed and paraffin sections were stained with the CK20-specific antibody IT-Ks 20.8. CK20 immunoreactivity was absent in the oesophageal epithelium and it was unevenly distributed in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Three main patterns of immunoreactivity were observed during normal development: the first, found in the stomach and in the small bowel, is characterized by a progressive increase in CK20 expression during gestation; the second pattern, found in the duodenum, shows a progressive decrease in CK20 expression during gestation; in colon and appendix (third pattern), we did not find significant changes in the degree of immunoreactivity for CK20 during gestation. CK20 is unevenly expressed in developing human intestinal mucosa. The degree of positivity for CK20 appears to be related to the epithelial maturation stage only in gastric and small bowel mucosa. Further studies are needed to verify if the uneven CK20 immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract persists even in adulthood.     

胚胎及新生大鼠胃肠道IAPP免疫反应细胞的个体发生

用免疫组织化学ＰＡＰ法研究了胚胎及新生大鼠肠道ＩＡＰＰ免疫反应细胞的个体发生。结果表明，胚胎１４及１５ｄ，大鼠胃肠道未见ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞，胚胎１７ｄ，ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞很少，分散在未分化完全的肠上皮细胞间，胚胎１９ｄ，在胃和小肠可见到ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞，以十二肠较多。胚胎２１ｄ及新生大鼠，ＩＡＰＰ－ＩＲ细胞分布于胃肠道各段，仍以十二指肠多见。它们主要位于上皮细胞间，偶见于小肠绒毛中轴的结缔组织中     

神经元型一氧化氮合酶和血管内皮生长因子在人胎早期小肠绒毛中的表达及意义

目的 探讨神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)血管内破生长因子(VEGF)在人胎早期小肠毛中的表达规律.方法 应用免疫组织化学SABC和PV法检测第2、3、4月龄段,nNOS和VEGF在14例人胎小肠绒千的表达.结果 第2月还胚龄时,nNOS在小肠绒千中呈阳性表达,VEGF在小肠绒毛上皮细胞呈阳性表达.第3-4月胎龄段,nNOS和VEGF在小肠绒毛中部分细胞均呈阳性表达.结论 nNOS和VEGF与人胎早期小肠绒毛的生长发育关系密切.     

Carbonic anhydrase in the intestinal tract of the guinea-pig.

The distribution of carbonic anhydrase activity in the intestinal tract of the guinea-pig was studied by the histochemical method of Hansson. Enzyme activity was demonstrated in epithelial cells, erythrocytes and capillary walls. In the gastric mucosa parietal cells, surface mucous cells and neck mucous cells were highly active. In the small intestine only a few epithelial cells on the villi and in the upper part of the crypts showed enzyme activity. They seemed to be randomly scattered among inactive ones. It is not clear at present if they represent a distinct cell type or specialized absorptive cells. In the proximal colon most surface epithelial cells were highly active (goblet cells were inactive), whereas the surface cells in the distal colon showed less activity with a more varying degree of staining. In the cecum enzyme activity was found in the surface epithelium and in the upper part of the crypts, the staining being most marked at the luminal border of the surface cells. The staining reaction was completely inhibited in all tissues by 10 muM acetazolamide, except for the luminal staining of the cecum, which was inhibited only by 100 muM acetazolamide. This indicates the presence of high concentrations of carbonic anhydrase, probably of the "low activity" form, at this locus. Mucosal scrapings were taken from the intestinal tissues, homogenized and assayed for carbonic anhydrase activity by a changing-pH indicator method. The results confirm those of previous studies and correlate well with the histochemical findings.     

Carbonic Anhydrase in the Intestinal Tract of the Guinea-pig

The distribution of carbonic anhydrase activity in the intestinal tract of the guinea-pig was studied by the histochemical method of Hansson. Enzyme activity was demonstrated in epithelial cells, erythrocytes and capillary walls. In the gastric mucosa parietal cells, surface mucous cells and neck mucous cells were highly active. In the small intestine only a few epithelial cells on the villi and in the upper part of the crypts showed enzyme activity. They seemed to be randomly scattered among inactive ones. It is not clear at present if they represent a distinct cell type or specialized absorptive cells. In the proximal colon most surface epithelial cells were highly active (goblet cells were inactive), whereas the surface cells in the distal colon showed less activity with a more varying degree of staining. In the cecum enzyme activity was found in the surface epithelium and in the upper part of the crypts, the staining being most marked at the luminal border of the surface cells. The staining reaction was completely inhibited in all tissues by 10 μM acetazolamide, except for the luminal staining of the cecum, which was inhibited only by 100 μM acetazolamide. This indicates the presence of high concentrations of carbonic anhydrase, probably of the “low activity” form, at this locus. Mucosal scrapings were taken from the intestinal tissues, homogenized and assayed for carbonic anhydrase activity by a changing-pH indicator method. The results confirm those of previous studies and correlate well with the histochemical findings.     

人胎儿结肠及直肠内胰岛淀粉样多肽及5-羟色胺免疫反应细胞的研究

目的 探讨胰岛淀粉样多肽(IAPP)在人胎结肠、直肠中的个体发生及其与其他生物活性物质的关系。方法 用免疫组织化学SABC法，对31例9～27周人胎结肠及直肠中IAPP免疫反应(IR)细胞和5-羟色胺(5-HT)-IR细胞进行定位研究。结果 人胎9周结肠内已可见较多的5-HT-IR细胞，而IAPP-IR细胞于18周出现，直肠内5-HT-IR细胞和IAPP-IR细胞均于11周出现。随胎龄增长，5-HT-IR细胞由少至多，20周达到高峰，21周后逐渐减少；而IAPP-IR细胞在整个胎期始终分散存在，数量较少。经邻片比较观察发现，IAPP-IR细胞与部分5-HT-IR细胞定位一致。免疫组织化学双染法显示有的细胞内IAPP与5-HT共存。结论 胎儿期结肠及直肠的内分泌细胞已开始合成IAPP，并在部分细胞内IAPP和5-HT有共存。     

AFP阳性胃癌的组织形态及其分型研究

目的：探讨ＡＦＰ阳性胃癌的病理组织形态及其分型。方法：应用光镜、电镜、组化和免疫组织化学方法,对８７例ＡＦＰ生胃癌中临床病理资料较完整的６３例进行病理组织形态态观察,并用２例３个月妊娠的胚胎胃肠组织以同样方法行相关的对比研究。结果：ＡＦＰ阳性胃癌的发生泫为６．２％（８７／１３９５例）。６３例中依据其病理组织形态学特点和肿瘤组织内癌细胞ＡＦＰ染色阳性表达,并对比３个月妊娠胎胃肠组织学的改变,将其组织