miR-451下调MIF的表达并抑制其促鼻咽癌细胞浸润和转移的作用

目的:研究巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)在鼻咽癌细胞浸润转移过程中的作用.方法:采用免疫印迹实验观察鼻咽癌细胞株HONE1、5-8F、CNE-1、CNE-2中MIF的表达水平.检验过表达MIF后鼻咽癌细胞株HONE1中黏附蛋白的表达水平以及miR-451对5-8F和293A细胞中MIF表达水平的影响,Transwell实验观察鼻咽癌细胞侵袭迁移能力,荧光报告系统验证miR-451对MIF的调控作用.结果:MIF在鼻咽癌高转移细胞株5-8F中表达量增高,MIF通过降低黏附蛋白的表达,减弱鼻咽癌细胞间黏附性,提高鼻咽癌细胞侵袭迁移能力.MIF的表达受miR-451的调控,miR-451能够抑制MIF的表达.结论:MIF能降低鼻咽癌细胞间的黏附性,在鼻咽癌的浸润转移过程中具有重要的促进作用,并且MIF的表达受miR-451的直接调控.     

siRNA沉默FAM83A基因表达对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:研究FAM83A基因对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及肿瘤生长的影响。方法:运用qRT-PCR法检测非小细胞肺癌细胞H1299中FAM83A的表达;将blank组（未作任何处理）、si-control组（转染si-control）、si-FAM83A组（转染si-FAM83A）用脂质体法转染至H1299细胞;Western blot检测细胞中FAM83A、p16、p21、MMP-2、MMP-9的蛋白表达;MTT法检测细胞的增殖;Transwell小室检测细胞的迁移和侵袭;裸鼠成瘤实验检测肿瘤的生长。结果:沉默FAM83A后,H1299细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力均得到显著下调,并且p16、p21的蛋白表达明显上调,MMP-2、MMP-9的蛋白表达明显下调。最重要的是,沉默FAM83A后的异种移植裸鼠体内的肿瘤生长能力得到明显抑制。结论:沉默FAM83A可抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并抑制裸鼠体内肿瘤的生长。     

HNF4G对胆囊癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响及可能的作用机制

目的：探讨肝细胞核因子4γ(hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma,HNF4G)对于胆囊癌细胞增殖、迁移、细胞周期和凋亡等的影响及相关作用机制。方法：分别采用实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白质印迹法检测胆囊癌GBC-SD、NOZ和ZJU-0430细胞中HNF4G mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。采用慢病毒感染的方法在GBC-SD、NOZ和ZJU-0430细胞中构建HNF4G基因沉默或过表达的稳转细胞株。随后,分别采用CCK-8法和平板克隆形成实验检测HNF4G基因沉默或过表达对胆囊癌细胞增殖能力的影响,Transwell小室实验检测对胆囊癌细胞迁移能力的影响,FCM法检测对细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响。最后,再用蛋白质印迹法检测改变HNF4G基因表达水平对细胞周期相关蛋白Cyclin A2和Cyclin B1、凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2、上皮-间充质转化相关蛋白E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail和Slug,以及ErbB2/PI3K/AKT信号通路中ErbB2和磷酸化AKT蛋白表达水平的影响。结果：实时荧光定量PCR法和蛋白质印迹法检测...     

截短型LEF-1 对 HeLa细胞系生物学行为的影响及其相关机制

 目的 探讨淋巴细胞增强因子（LEF-1）截短亚型对宫颈癌HeLa细胞迁移的影响及其分子机制。方法 利用PCR方法从人淋巴结cDNA文库中克隆LEF-1截短型的编码基因,将其插入pCDNA3.1/V5-His载体中构建截短型LEF-1的真核表达质粒,脂质体法将重组质粒pcDNA3.1-Δ-LEF-1转染HeLa细胞,G418筛选稳定表达目的基因的细胞株,Western blot鉴定目的基因的表达,流式细胞术分析转染后细胞的增殖,凋亡和胞周期变化,以及CXCR4的表达情况;细胞外基质实验检测细胞的黏附能力;Transwell检测细胞的迁移能力。结果成功构建截短型LEF 1真核表达质粒,获得稳定表达LF-1截短亚型的HeLa细胞株,目的基因稳定表达,转染后的细胞增殖速度减慢,凋亡增加,细胞阻滞在G0/G1期,迁移能力降低,CXCR4的表达降低。结论LEF-1截短亚型可以抑制HeLa细胞增殖和迁移,而这种调控作用可能和CXCR4的表达有关。     

汉黄芩素对肺腺癌A549细胞黏附和迁移能力的影响及其可能机制

目的:观察汉黄芩素对人肺腺癌A549细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并初步探讨其分子作用机制。方法:采用MTT法检测汉黄芩素对A549细胞增殖和黏附能力的影响;细胞划痕实验和侵袭小室法检测其对A549细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;RT-PCR和Western印迹法检测汉黄芩素对A549细胞中与转移相关的基因,如细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)、内皮细胞黏附分子-1(vascular cell adhesion molecule-1,VCAM-1)和c-Met表达的影响。结果:汉黄芩素能抑制A549细胞的生长,其细胞增殖抑制率与药物浓度及作用时间呈依赖关系。低浓度的汉黄芩素处理A549细胞后,可明显降低肺癌细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力。汉黄芩素能有效抑制ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因和蛋白的表达,但对c-Met基因及其蛋白并没有影响。结论:汉黄芩素具有抑制肿瘤细胞转移的作用,其分子机制可能与下调ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达有关,但与c-Met表达无关。     

人肺腺癌SPC-A1荷瘤裸鼠中RNAi靶向沉默FAK的作用

目的:通过用脂质体包裹靶向局部粘着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)基因的短发夹RNA(shorthairpin RNA,shRNA)质粒(shRNA-FAK),探讨该方法对荷瘤裸鼠中人肺腺癌SPC-A1的抑制效果.方法:用脂质体包裹shRNA-FAK,并通过尾静脉注射治疗荷瘤裸鼠,通过肿瘤生长曲线和重量,肿瘤组织形态学,肿瘤中的FAK蛋白表达情况、CD31、VEGF、PCNA和TUNEL检测,分析该方法对荷瘤裸鼠中人肺腺癌SPC-A1的抑制效果.结果:荷瘤裸鼠经过脂质体shRNA-FAK治疗后,肿瘤生长速度明显缓于对照组(P＜0.05),肿瘤重量明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).肿瘤组织的免疫组化、western blot和TUNEL检测显示与对照组相比,治疗组FAK蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05)、血管生成和细胞增殖均减少(P＜0.05)、凋亡细胞增加(P＜0.05),荷瘤裸鼠主要脏器形态学正常.结论:FAK特异性的小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)能够在体内阻断FAK蛋白的表达,使组织内FAK蛋白的表达相应地减少,并进一步诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡,最终导致肿瘤的生长速度减缓.     

shRNA表达载体介导的细胞周期蛋白E1基因沉默对肾癌ACHN细胞生长的抑制作用

背景与目的: 肾细胞癌中细胞周期蛋白E1(eyclinE1)的过表达与预后密切相关.为进一步验证其作为肿瘤基因治疗新靶点的可行性,本研究探讨shRNA表达载体介导的cycl inE1基因沉默对肾癌ACHN细胞生长的抑制作用.方法:针对cyclinE1基因设计并合成特定的RNA干扰模板片段,连接到pGenesil-1-U6载体上构建shRNA真核表达载体;将上述重组载体经脂质体转入ACHN肾癌细胞株.RT-PCR、Western印迹分析cyclinE1基因mRNA及蛋白表达抑制率;MTT比色法绘制细胞生长曲线;流式细胞术测细胞周期和凋亡细胞比率;Transwell小室体外侵袭实验和细胞划痕实验检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力.结果: shRNA重组载体介导肾癌ACHNcyclihE1抑制效果显著(0.09±0.05),显著低于空载体对照组(0.884±0,04)及未转染组(0.904±0.03)(P<0.05).经流式细胞术测得转染重组质粒组细胞生长停滞于G1期且凋亡比率显著升高(11.154±4.00)%(P<0.05).生长曲线结果显示重组载体转染组细胞生长明显缓慢(P<0.05).Transwell及迁移实验结果提示,转染重组质粒组细胞侵袭和迁移能力显著下降(P<0.05). 结论: 肾癌cycl inE1的表达可被载体介导诱发的RNA干扰所成功抑制,进而导致细胞生长、增殖以及侵袭能力受抑并诱导凋亡;本研究为探讨肾癌的RNAi治疗提供了初步实验依据.     

VEGF165 RNA干涉诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的研究

目的利用RNA干涉技术抑制肿瘤细胞VEGF165基因表达,探讨其对肿瘤细胞凋亡的诱导作用.方法设计针对VEGF165基因的小干扰RNA,合成DNA模板,体外转录合成siRNA(small interfering RNA),采用lipofectamine2000转染人宫颈癌HeLa细胞.通过Hoechst33258染色、流式细胞术、RT-PCR检测人宫颈癌HeLa细胞体外凋亡情况.在体内实验中建立子宫颈癌荷瘤裸鼠模型,将VEGF siRNA直接注入瘤体,观察siRNA对肿瘤生长的影响,蛋白印迹试验检测VEGF siRNA在体内条件下对VEGF、bcl-2蛋白表达的影响.结果所设计的两个siRNA均能有效诱导细胞凋亡产生凋亡小体,并使细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期;VEGF165和bcl-2在mRNA及蛋白水平的表达也受到有效抑制,明显减少.结论针对人VEGF165基因体外转录合成的siRNA在体内外均可诱导HeLa细胞发生凋亡.     

RNA干扰技术抗非小细胞肺癌作用的体内实验研究

目的 探讨体外化学合成表皮牛长因子受体(EGFR)基因序列特异性双链RNA(dsRNA)在体内诱导非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞出现序列特异性基因沉默的町行性.方法 体外化学合成EGFR序列特异性dsRNA(dsRNA-EGFR),结合脂质体Lipofectamine 2000转染肺腺癌细胞株SPC-A1后,将200 μl细胞悬液接种于裸鼠,建立荷瘤鼠模型,计箅肿瘤抑制率.采用免疫组织化学技术、Western blot技术和实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(real-time RT-PCR),检测肿瘤组织中EGFR蛋白和mRNA的表达水平.结果 dsRNA-EGFR可显著抑制体内肿瘤生长,肿瘤抑制率为75.0%,并可将EGFR蛋白表达水平降低53.6%、mRNA表达水平降低32.3%.结论 dsRNA-EGFR在体内可有效抑制NSCLC细胞中EGFR蛋白和mRNA的表达水平,抑制肿瘤生长.     

沉默MCM7基因介导AKT信号通路参与黑色素瘤细胞增殖及凋亡的实验

目的 探讨MCM7基因沉默介导AKT信号通路参与人皮肤黑色素瘤细胞的增殖及凋亡。方法 构建MCM7基因和沉默MCM7基因表达的慢病毒RNA（LV-shRNA-MCM7）的表达载体;将A375细胞分为Control组、Empty vector转染组（空载质粒转染组）、siRNA（LV-shRNA-MCM7）转染组、siRNA NC（LV-shRNA-MCM7 negative control）转染组;MTT法检测每组细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞周期、细胞凋亡情况;划痕实验法检测细胞迁移能力;qRT-PCR法测定细胞中MCM7基因、AKT信号通路相关基因、Cyclin D1及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3的相对表达量;Western blot法测定蛋白相对表达量。结果 沉默MCM7后,黑色素瘤细胞中的MCM7基因、CyclinD1、Bcl-2、AKT信号通路相关基因AKT3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量显著下调（P<0.05）;凋亡相关基因Bax、caspase-3的mRNA和蛋白表达量显著上调（P<0.05）;siRNA转染组凋亡率显著上升,G₀/G₁期细胞数目明显增多,S期细胞数目明显减少;细胞增殖、迁移能力显著下降（P<0.05）。结论 沉默MCM7基因抑制AKT信号通路的激活,从而抑制A375黑色素瘤细胞增殖、迁移,促进A375黑色素瘤细胞凋亡。     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston,USA, Manchester,UK, and Nagoya,Japan

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarettesmoking or with sex.     

A comparison of general,genitourinary, bowel,and sexual quality of life among long term survivors of prostate,bladder, colorectal,and lung cancer

ObjectivesStudies of local stage prostate cancer survivors suggest that treatments carry risk of persistent impotence, incontinence, and bowel dysfunction. To examine impacts of cancer type and side effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in long-term cancer survivorship, we evaluated 5-year follow-up of patients with prostate cancer and compared results with a matched group of male long-term survivors of other local-stage cancers.Materials and MethodsWe examined genitourinary, bowel and sexual symptoms, and general quality of life. Matched survivors of colorectal, lung, and bladder cancers were recruited via registries in 3 different regions in the United States. Patients were surveyed 3–5 years after diagnosis with the SF-12 and EPIC to evaluate general mental and physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient function and bother.ResultsWe analyzed responses from long-term prostate (n = 77) and bladder, colorectal, and lung cancer (n = 124) patients. In multivariate analysis, long-term local stage prostate cancer survivors had significantly higher SF-12 physical component scores but did not differ from long-term survivors of other cancers in terms of their SF-12 mental summary scores. Prostate survivors had similar mental, urinary, bowel, and sexual HRQoL compared to long-term survivors of other local stage cancers.ConclusionLong-term general and prostate-specific HRQoL was similar between local stage prostate and bladder, colorectal, and lung patients with cancer. Future research focusing on factors other than initial treatment and the cancer type per se may provide more meaningful information regarding factors that predict disparities on HRQoL among longer-term survivors of early stage male cancers.