方格星虫营养成分分析及抗疲劳作用研究

<正>方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)属于星虫动物门,星虫科,方格星虫属动物[1],俗称沙虫。个体较大,肉嫩味美,加工成品"沙虫干"是我国著名的海产珍品之一,深受消费者欢迎。我国多种药典中记载了其食用和药用价值,有些地区用其代中药冬虫夏草[2-5]。目前国内对方格星虫主     

革囊胃子宫及腹膜转移超声误诊一例

目的探计革囊胃子宫及腹腔转移超声回像特点。方法对此病例图像进行综合分析。结果胃镜检查及胃部病理证实革囊胃子宫病理、子宫转移癌(原发胃肠道)。结论老年女性患者既往患子宫肌瘤者,若子宫肿块中还能测及动脉频谱,应先除外恶变可能。     

方格星虫多糖对5.0Gy ^60Coγ辐射损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的观察方格星虫多糖对亚致死剂量60Coγ射线照射小鼠的保护作用。方法将60只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、尼尔雌醇组及低（100 mg/kg·d）、中（200 mg/kg·d）、高（400 mg/kg·d）三个剂量方格星虫多糖组,每天一次灌胃给药,尼尔雌醇组照射前一天给予尼尔雌醇3.3 mg/kg灌胃,照射后0.5 h再次给予1.67 mg/kg尼尔雌醇灌胃。灌胃2 w后,除正常对照组外,各组均以剂量率为0.8 Gy/min的60Coγ射线全身照射一次,照射剂量为5.0 Gy。于辐照后3 d、14 d测定小鼠体重、外周血WBC,辐照后14 d测定小鼠胸腺指数,脾指数,骨髓细胞和脾细胞DNA含量,血清SOD和MDA含量。结果γ射线全身照射后第3天,方格星虫多糖低、中剂量组小鼠外周血WBC数明显升高（P〈0.05）。照后第14天,低剂量组小鼠外周血WBC数显著增高（P〈0.01）,中、高剂量组脾脏重量指数明显升高（P〈0.01和P〈0.05）,中剂量组脾脏DNA含量明显增高（P〈0.01）;低、中剂量组骨髓细胞DNA含量明显增高（P〈0.05）;低、中、高三个剂量组小鼠血清SOD活力明显增强,血清MDA含量明显下降（P〈0.05）。结论方格星虫多糖对亚致死剂量γ辐射损伤小鼠具有一定保护作用。     

4起食用贝类引起的食物中毒

近年来,福建省宁德地区沿海县（市）的渔村先后发生4起食用贝类引起的麻痹性贝类中毒。其中织纹螺2起,特管蜊螺和星虫状海葵各1起,均为渔民。     

石家庄市社区居民动物致伤情况调查

目的了解2008年石家庄市社区居民动物致伤的流行现状,为相关部门制定预防措施提供可靠依据。方法选取石家庄市2个区的1 471名常住居民进行调查。结果石家庄市社区居民动物致伤发病率为1.7%,不同年龄组间社区居民动物致伤发病率差异无统计学意义(确切概率法P=0.455>0.05),其中10～19岁年龄组的动物致伤发病率最高(3.5%),不同性别间动物致伤发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.001,P=0.978>0.05);引起动物致伤的动物主要有狗(60.0%)和猫(24.0%),致伤地点主要为家中(40.0%),致伤部位主要为下肢(52.0%),伤后处理主要为医院门诊处理(52.0%)和自行处理(48.0%),严重程度主要为轻伤(60.0%),致伤者96.0%痊愈。结论石家庄市社区居民动物致伤发病率较高,狗、猫为主要致伤动物。     

胃原发性浆母细胞性淋巴瘤临床病理学观察

目的 探讨原发于胃的浆母细胞性淋巴瘤(PBL)的临床病理学特征.方法 报道胃原发性浆母细胞性淋巴瘤1例,描述其临床表现,组织学及免疫组化特征,并复习国内外文献.结果 患者HIV(-)、Hp(+);胃壁广泛不规则增厚,约2-6 cm,呈"革囊胃"状,切面灰白色,鱼肉状,质中;镜下:肿瘤细胞弥漫浸润生长,胃壁结构破坏、消失,瘤细胞体积大,胞浆弱嗜碱性,核大,核圆、椭圆、或形态不规则,内有一个或多个清晰的核仁,可见部分核偏位.免疫组化标记:瘤细胞CD38(+),CK、EMA、CD79α弱阳性;CD45(-)、CD20(-)、CD45RO(-)、CD3(-)、MPO(-)、ALK(-)、CD68(-)、HMB45(-)、Actin(-).结论 胃PBL是罕见的恶性肿瘤,诊断及鉴别诊断有赖于形态学特点及免疫组化标记.     

200例绝经后妇女阴道出血病因分析

目的分析绝经后阴道出血(postmenopausalbleeding,PMB)的病因及年龄,绝经年限和病理类型的关系。方法分析200例PMB的临床和病理资料。结果PMB的主要病因依次为老年性阴道炎(28%),功能性子宫出血(255%),恶性肿瘤(170%),宫内节育器(125%)。结论PMB的主要病因是良性病变及非器质性病变;年老、绝经年限愈长的妇女,恶性肿瘤发病率愈高;恶性肿瘤对生命威胁最大仍应倍加重视。     

松弛素在妊娠期高血压疾病中的研究进展

<正>妊娠期高血压疾病(hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy)严重者可以发展成为子痫前期(preeclampsia,PE),乃至发生子痫(eclampsia),是严重威胁母婴安全、导致孕妇及围生儿发病及死亡的主要原因之一。近年来,国内     

38例四肢血管损伤诊治体会

目的对38例四肢主要血管损伤的救治进行回顾性分析.方法2001年5月～2004年12月救治四肢主要血管损伤38例,其中男28例,女10例;年龄4.5～60岁,平均34.6岁.全组手术清创和探查后,针对不同的情况选择血管修复方法.结果采用血管端吻合15例(39.4%),血管修补8例(21.1%),自体静脉移植8例(21.1%),死亡1例(2.6%),截肢6例(15.8%).结论四肢主要血管损伤救治原则是保证生命安全后尽快重建血液循环、恢复肢体功能;正确诊断、快速救治是前提;快速止血是重点;强调对深静脉的修复并正确处理感染性血管损伤.     

2015—2018年某三级综合医院医护人员血源性职业暴露情况调查及安全防控体系构建

目的调查2015—2018年三级综合医院医护人员血源性职业暴露情况,并构建安全防控体系。方法采用回顾性分析方法对某综合医院2015—2018年医护人员血源性职业暴露情况进行调查,构建安全防控体系。结果2015—2018年某三级综合医院248人次发生血源性职业暴露,发生率为8.71%;护士血源性暴露发生率10.22%高于医生6.47%,女性9.56%高于男性6.28%,工作年限越长发生率越低,外科为高发科室,2015—2018年发生率总体呈下降趋势;血源性职业暴露发生率最高时间段为8:00~12:00(39.11%),其次为13:00~17:00(29.03%),暴露方式主要为针刺或锐器伤(65.32%),主要发生于注射结束拔针或采血环节(25.40%),手指为主要暴露部位(79.03%),多数未戴手套或眼罩(52.42%);锐器管理不规范为主要暴露原因(52.02%);其次为操作意外(31.45%)。主要暴露源为乙型肝炎病毒(28.63%),其次为丙型肝炎病毒(25.00%)。结论2015—2018年某三级综合医院医护人员血源性职业暴露高危人群为护士、女性、工作年限短、外科人员;主要暴露源为乙型肝炎病毒。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.