Abdominal aortic replacement with a left-sided inferior vena cava: transperitoneal and left retroperitoneal approaches

An unsuspected left-sided inferior vena cava (IVC) can present a formidable challenge for the surgeon attempting aortic reconstructive surgery. A 73-year-old man with aorto-iliac occlusive disease and a 64-year-old man with a seven centimeter (cm) abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) each underwent an aorto-femoral bypass graft in the setting of a left-sided cava. In the former case the conventional transperitoneal approach was utilized and in the latter case the extended left retroperitoneal incision was employed. The technical details required in performing these procedures and the developmental anatomy of this and other major venous anomalies are discussed.     

下腔静脉在后腹腔镜右侧肾上腺切除术中作为解剖标志的应用探讨

目的基于对右侧肾上腺血管的手术经验总结,探讨后腹腔镜右侧肾上腺切除术中以下腔静脉为解剖标志准确分离出肾上腺动静脉层面的临床可行性及意义。 方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年9月,临沂市人民医院收治的36例右侧肾上腺腺瘤患者,均行后腹腔途径手术,手术由同一名手术医师(高年资主治医师,肾上腺总手术量大于300例)完成,以下腔静脉为解剖标志寻找并处理肾上腺动静脉并切除或部分切除右侧肾上腺。 结果本组36例手术均顺利完成。平均手术时间32 min,平均术中出血量20 ml,平均下床活动时间为术后16 h,平均术后住院时间2.4 d。 结论后腹腔镜下右侧肾上腺手术过程中以下腔静脉为解剖标志进行肾上腺血管的解剖分离,可将肾上腺动静脉的前后层次关系安全显露,有利于准确控制中央静脉、更好地显露手术视野和减少术中出血。     

Robot-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma resection with inferior vena cava graft replacement: a case report

The aim of the present study was to report the initial clinical experience of robot-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma resection with inferior vena cava graft replacement. The patient was a 45-year-old female with abdominal pain. She was referred to our hospital and found to be with a retroperitoneal mass (46 mm × 45 mm). The inferior vena cava and the distal part of left renal vein were invaded by the tumor and compression was obviously seen from magnetic resonance imaging. The serum level of potassium, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and renin angiotensin aldosterone system were all in normal ranges before the surgery. The operation was performed via a six port, robot assisted, transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The tumor was completely resected and adherent part of inferior vena cava (approximately 5 cm) was dissected. Considering severe impairment of the great vessel, we decided to replace excised caval segment with an extended polytetrafluoroethylene graft and undertook the inferior vena cava reconstruction. The patient was discharged 11 days postoperatively with embolus in the graft. Anticoagulants were routinely administrated and the thrombus seemed to be smaller 3 months after operation. Abdominal pain was resolved and pathological examination finally confirmed that the tumor was leiomyosarcoma with negative margins free from tumor. Leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava present a technical challenge to surgeons. Comprehensive preparation should be made preoperatively to facilitate tumor resection and vascular management. In specific cases, robotic resection of leiomyosarcoma from great vessels and vascular repairment might be feasible options in experienced hands.     

Left transperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site radical nephrectomy in the presence of a duplicated inferior vena cava with associated complex renal vascular anomalies

Laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) renal surgery is steadily gaining momentum. LESS by itself is technically challenging, with a potentially increased procedural risk, and the presence of major vascular anomaly may increase the risk of intraoperative mishap. Here we present a case of left transperitoneal LESS radical nephrectomy that was successfully performed in the presence of double inferior vena cava with associated complex renal vascular anomalies. What is more important is to bring such an aberrant vascular anatomy to the attention of laparoscopic, especially LESS, surgeons.     

An unusual case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava in a patient with a duplicated inferior vena cava

Leiomyosarcoma of primary vascular origin is a rare primary soft tissue tumour, which arises mainly from the inferior vena cava (IVC). Clinical symptoms depend upon the size and location of the tumour and presents usually with abdominal pain, palpable mass and weight loss. Complete surgical resection with clear surgical margin plays a central therapeutic role. The effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy remains to be evaluated. We report a 64 year old Chinese female who presented with abdominal mass and pain associated with weight loss and was subsequently diagnosed with inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma. She underwent successful surgical resection but unfortunately developed recurrence of tumour 12 month post-operative. She was also found to have a duplicated inferior vena cave which allowed reconstitution of venous return from the lower limbs after surgical resection of the IVC tumour. We discuss the surgical treatment and results of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC.     

Left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in the presence of a duplicated inferior vena cava with complicated anomalous tributaries by a transmesocolic approach

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy should be executed under the most fundamental principle of early ligature of the renal artery to prevent diffusion of cancerous cells. This is extremely true in the treatment of large renal tumors touching the main renal vasculature. Obviously, the concomitance of a duplicated inferior vena cava (IVC) with associated aberrant tributaries will significantly increase the surgical difficulty and the procedural risk of vascular injury. Herein we describe a transperitoneal left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for a large hilar left renal tumor in the presence of a duplicated IVC with complicated anomalous tributaries by a transmesocolic approach.     

Delayed retroperitoneal arterial hemorrhage after inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion: case report and literature review of caval perforations by IVC filters

Transvenous placement of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters has become commonplace in selected patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). IVC filters have been shown to have excellent therapeutic efficacy and low complication rates. Penetration of the IVC by filter hooks or struts has been reported and commonly noted to be inconsequential. We report a laceration of a lumbar artery by a stainless steel Greenfield (SSG) filter strut that resulted in a near fatal hemorrhage, and review the world literature on caval perforation by IVC filters.     

A case of adrenal aldosteronoma with horseshoe kidney and duplicated inferior vena cava.

Case A 43-year-old man, with known hypertension, was brought to A&Ewith acute weakness of legs. His blood pressure was 150/95 mmHg and he had decreased muscle power of both legs.     

肝下下腔静脉阻断技术在机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用效果

目的探讨肝下下腔静脉阻断技术在机器人肝切除术中的可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2015年2月至2017年12月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院肝脏外科中心采用机器人行肝切除术治疗的24例患者资料,根据术中控制低中心静脉压的方式不同分为肝下下腔静脉阻断组(8例)和低中心静脉压组(16例)。肝下下腔静脉阻断组男性6例,女性2例,年龄49岁(范围:20~56岁);低中心静脉压组男性15例,女性1例,年龄53岁(范围:38~69岁)。通过t检验、非参数检验、χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较两组患者的术中出血量、肝门阻断时间、输血量、术中血流动力学变化及术后并发症、肝肾功能变化等。结果肝下下腔静脉阻断组的术中出血量[M(QR)]为200(220)ml(范围:100~400 ml),低于低中心静脉压组的750(800)ml(范围:100~2000 ml)(Z=-2.169,P=0.030)。肝下下腔静脉阻断组第一肝门阻断时间为24(18)min,肝下下腔静脉阻断时间为29(20)min,低中心静脉压组第一肝门阻断时间为23(23)min,两组第一肝门阻断时间的差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.323,P=0.747)。肝下下腔静脉阻断组无术中输血病例,低中心静脉压组术中输血5例,输血量1.5(1.5)U,两组输血量的差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.353,P=0.001)。术中阻断肝下下腔静脉后,患者平均动脉压由(88.6±4.9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(67.4±3.8)mmHg,低于低中心静脉压组的(72.4±3.3)mmHg(t=2.315,P=0.003)。两组患者的术后并发症及肝肾功能变化的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论在机器人辅助腹腔镜肝切除术中,可通过肝下下腔静脉阻断技术控制患者的中心静脉压,操作简单,对患者的肝肾功能无明显影响。