蒿甲醚治疗实验大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎的初步观察

用皮下连续注射醋酸可的松６周建立大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎动物模型，并用国产蒿甲醚进行实验治疗，经蒿甲醚１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ．次，每日１次连续５ｄ，大腿肌肉注射后，治疗组大鼠肺印片中卡氏肺孢子虫包囊均数较未治疗对照组有所减少，与成戊烷脒治疗组相近，提示蒿甲醚可能是一种有前途的抗卡氏肺孢子虫新药。     

蒿甲醚治疗实验大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎的电镜观察

用皮下注射醋酸可的松６周建立实验大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎动物模型，并用国产蒿甲醚进行试验治疗，治后大鼠肺组织超薄切片岸民镜观察，发现蒿甲醚可导致卡氏肺孢子虫产生以３上超微结构改变：（１）胞浆量空泡；（２）线粒体肿胀；（３）核膜破裂，以上改变与戊烷脒对照组相似。     

蒿甲醚治疗实验大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎的初步观察

用皮下连续注射醋酸可的松６周建立大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎动物模型，并用国产蒿甲醚进行实验治疗。经蒿甲醚１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·次，每日１次连续５ｄ，大腿肌肉注射后，治疗组大鼠肺印片中卡氏肺孢子虫包囊均数较未治疗对照组有所减少，而与戊烷脒治疗组相近，提示蒿甲醚可能是一种有前途的抗卡氏肺孢子虫新药。     

蒿甲醚治疗实验大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎的电镜观察

用皮下注射醋酸可的松６周建立实验大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎动物模型，并用国产蒿甲醚进行试验治疗。治后大鼠肺组织超薄切片透射电镜观察，发现蒿甲醚可导致卡氏肺孢子虫产生以下３种超微结构改变：（１）胞浆内出现大量空泡；（２）线粒体肿胀；（３）核膜破裂。以上改变与戊烷脒对照组相似。     

大鼠实验性卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎中IL-2,IL-6的变化

目的 建立大鼠实验性卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的模型,观察血清和肺泡灌洗液中IL-2和IL-6的变化.方法 给SD大鼠皮下注射地塞米松磷酸钠建立卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎动物模型,酶免法检测支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-2和IL-6含量及血清中IL-6含量;放免法检测血清中IL-2含量.结果 感染组大鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液中IL-2和IL-6含量均显著高于正常对照组.结论 卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎大鼠血清和肺泡灌洗液中IL-2和IL-6升高.     

卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎

本文就卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的病原体 ,感染途径 ,临床表现 ,诊断治疗及预防等方面作一概述 ,为卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的预防控制提供参考。     

卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎5例

卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎５例安春丽，陈殿学，陈平，田边将信卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（Ｐｎｅｕｍｏｃｖｓｔｉｓｃａｒｉｎｉｉｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａ，ＰＣＰ．）是ＡＩＤＳ患者常见的最严重的机会性感染性疾病，也是肿瘤化疗，器官移植等细胞免疫功能低下宿主容易感染的一种寄生虫病。...     

卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎大鼠模型的比较研究

目的　比较用SpragueDawley(SD)大鼠和Wistar大鼠建立卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎 (PCP)模型的差异。 方法　选用SD大鼠和Wistar大鼠 ,随机分为实验组和对照组 ,免疫抑制诱导建立动物模型 ;收集肺组织和支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF) ,分别制成肺印片和BALF涂片 ,作Giemsa染色 ,镜检卡氏肺孢子虫滋养体和包囊。结果　共收集实验组SD大鼠和Wistar大鼠的肺组织及BALF标本各 2 8份 ,经Giemsa染色后 ,在肺印片中查见Pneumocystiscarinii(Pc)虫体的阳性率分别为 89.2 9%和10 0 % ,两者之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;BALF阳性率分别为 6 0 .71%和 78.5 7% ,两者之间亦无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。而同种大鼠的肺印片与BALF涂片 ,其阳性率之间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且肺印片的检出率均显著高于BALF涂片。同种大鼠不同肺叶的肺印片 ,其阳性率之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　SD大鼠与Wistar大鼠作为PCP模型动物无明显差别     

诱发大鼠自然感染卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎实验研究

用地塞米松0.3mg～0.6mg肌注大鼠每周两次,连续9周,第10周改为醋酸泼尼松5mg/次,每周两次,肌注7次。激素总量为42.2mg。诱发大鼠重度肺孢子虫性肺炎,第14周死亡。肺印片查见成熟、未成熟及溃破包囊,切片发现典型的病理改变及肺孢子虫体,作为病原与病理诊断的依据。电镜观察包囊有两种形态,一种为园形包囊,另一种为香蕉形包囊。证明新疆地区具有传播与感染该病原的机会与条件,一但免疫功能低下,可诱发人体卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎而死亡。动物实验成功,为本病提供了进一步研究的条件。     

C6/IL-24对鼠脑胶质瘤治疗作用的研究

目的 观察C6/IL-24对大鼠脑胶质瘤的治疗作用.方法 建立SD大鼠脑胶质瘤模型,实验组皮下注射C6/IL-24细胞,对照组皮下注射同等体积的生理盐水,观察大鼠的生存期及颅内肿瘤的生长变化.结果 实验组肿瘤生长速度明显减慢,实验组大鼠各时段肿瘤体积明显小于对照组,实验组大鼠存活时间明显长于对照组.结论 通过逆转录病毒将IL-24导入C6细胞而形成的C6/IL-24细胞对鼠脑胶质瘤具有较好的治疗效果,建立稳定可靠的脑胶质瘤动物模型是进行各种脑胶质瘤在体实验研究的基础,治疗时间窗的选择应在肿瘤指数生长期以前.     

IFN-γ和IL-4抗卡氏肺孢子虫感染作用的研究

目的研究细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4的抗卡氏肺孢子虫感染作用.方法分别用IFN-γ或IL-4基因敲除的C57BL/6小鼠(各15只作为动物模型)与未经基因敲除的C57BL/6小鼠(15只作感染对照组),以密切接触的方式,使小鼠自然感染卡氏肺孢子虫;同时设非感染组15只小鼠作阴性对照.分别于3、5和7 wk后观察各组小鼠肺内虫体数量、肺部CD4+、CD8+T细胞反应以及血清中卡氏肺孢子虫特异性IgG抗体滴度.分析基因敲除鼠对卡氏肺孢子虫的易感性.结果IFN-γ基因敲除小鼠肺内虫体数量明显高于IL-4基因敲除小鼠(P＜0.05)和对照组小鼠,而IL-4基因敲除小鼠肺内虫体数量与对照组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).T细胞亚群分析表明,两种基因敲除小鼠的CD4+和CD8+T细胞反应曲线与感染度呈正相关.而IgG抗体滴度,3组接触感染鼠均逐渐呈不同程度上升.结论IFN-γ在小鼠抗卡氏肺孢子虫中起重要作用,但缺少IL-4基因的小鼠对肺孢子虫感染的影响不明显.     

大蒜素治疗大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎的实验研究

目的观察大蒜素对大鼠肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)的治疗效果。方法采用皮下注射醋酸泼泥松龙的方法建立PCP大鼠模型。将受试大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A)、未治疗对照组(B)、TMP-SMZ治疗对照组(C)、大蒜素治疗组(D)和青蒿素治疗组(E)。各组从第7周开始灌服相应药物5d,停药后观察1周,用肺重/体重比和肺虫荷量考核疗效。结果PCP大鼠6周内的病死率为16.7%,满6周时抽样进行病原、病理检查,证实均已成功诱导PCP。5组受试大鼠的平均肺重/体重比分别为0.75±0.090、1.05±0.174、0.77±0.091、0.79±0.114和0.85±0.188。B~E组受试大鼠肺虫荷量分别为1490、74、296和219个包囊/mg肺。统计学分析显示,经大蒜素治疗的大鼠平均肺重/体重比、肺虫荷量均显著低于未治疗对照组(P<0.05),与TMP-SMZ治疗对照组和青蒿素治疗组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论大蒜素对大鼠PCP有显著疗效,效果与TMP-SMZ和青蒿素接近。     

Dapsone in low doses prevents Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the rat model

Less toxic drugs are needed for the prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with AIDS. Rats immunosuppressed with cortisone were given dapsone, chlorproguanil (CPG) and chlorcycloguanil (CCG), alone or in combination, in the diet and the P. carinii attack rate was compared with that of untreated controls. Dapsone alone at doses of 25 and 5 mg/kg/day was 100% effective in preventing PCP. The efficacy of CPG and CCG, however, could not be properly assessed because of the lack of acceptance of the diet by the animals. Even so, as a result of the findings with dapsone in this study, and because of its pharmacokinetics and minimum inhibitory concentration for P. carinii in vitro, a clinical trial of reduced dosage of dapsone given prophylactically to human beings is suggested. Such a trial may show a decrease in the toxicity of the drug that usually accompanies its long-term administration but retention of its efficacy.     

The effect of ischemic precondition to IL-6 on rat liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in transplantation

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ischemic precondition to protect ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduce IL-6 expression in the rats liver transplantation.MethodsThe rat portal vein infusion of autologous liver transplantation model were used. The rats were divided into ischemic preconditioning rats liver transplantation group (A group), the rats liver transplantation group (B group) and the normal rat control group (C group). Then we analyzed the changes of liver function, liver microstructure and the expression of IL-6, SOD and MDA within 48 h.ResultsThe pathology of liver in group A showed lobular architecture essentially normal, the liver cells was slightly swell and no significant changes in postoperative 12 h. In transmission electron microscope (46 000×), the mitochondria of liver cells in group A became swelling, elliptical can cristae partially broken. But there still has a small amount of arrangement. While that in group, the mitochondria were swollen, became round, serious visible crest reduce or ruptured. The result of over function test showed that the serum ALT and AST levels in group A and B were both higher than that in group C at each time period, but the serum ALT and AST levels in group A were lower than that in group B. The expression changes of IL-6 in group B were higher than that in group A and B (P<0.05). The expression of MDA in group A is more obvious than that in group B (P<0.05)ConclusionsIschemic precondition could alleviate part of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver transplantation, and also could reduce IL-6 expression to protect the liver cells against liver damage and inflammatory cytokine production.     

卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎动物模型及虫体体外培养研究

肺孢子虫(Pneumocystis)是一种机会性致病病原体,免疫功能受损的宿主感染后,可引起肺孢子虫肺炎(Pneumocystispneumonia,PCP)或称肺孢子虫病(Pneumocystosis)。长期以来,人们一直认为卡氏肺孢子虫(Pneumocystis carinii,Pc)是一种原虫,是引起人体"卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎"(Pneumocystis cariniipneumonia,PCP)的病原体。然而,20世纪80年代末的分子生物学和生物化学的研究结果证实,它属于真菌。引起人体     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者内毒素、瘦素、IL-6及IL-8水平测定

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者内毒素（ET）、瘦素、IL-6、IL-8水平在NASH发生发展中的变化情况,以及它们与脂肪肝严重程度的关系。方法90例NAFLD患者根据脂肪肝严重程度分为轻度者30例,中度者30例,重度者30例。测定患者及30例健康对照者的体重指数（BM I）、内毒素（ET）、瘦素、IL-6、IL-8的水平。结果与健康对照者比较,NAFLD患者ET升高,伴随ET水平的升高,瘦素及IL-6、IL-8也升高,中度及重度更加明显（P〈0.05）。重度与中度相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论NAFLD患者存在肠源性内毒素血症（IETM）、瘦素、IL-6、IL-8等细胞因子在非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病中具有重要致病作用,其升高程度与脂肪肝严重程度一致。     

The effect of IL-6 on the des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin synthesis in human hepatoma cells

Effects of several cytokines on des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (PIVKA II) synthesis in human hepatoma cells were investigated to know the process of PIVKA II production during a liver allograft rejection. Human recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly stimulated the PIVKA II synthesis without any influence on the cell proliferation. The effect was almost completely neutralized by the specific anti-IL-6 antibody. Neither tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) nor interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) had such a stimulative effect. IL-6 appears to stimulate PIVKA II production, and would be a candidate of factors that enhance the production of PIVKA II during a liver allograft rejection.