Influence of subject competitions on the functional state of senior pupils

The paper gives the results of an experiment comparing the morphofunctional parameters of schoolchildren participating and non-participating in a subject competition. The latter is shown to be a stress that alters the functional state of the cardiovascular system.     

Results of studies on long-term results of the effects of hot microclimate on the body of workers

The article presents data on the functional features of thermoregulation, cardiovascular and respiratory system, neuro-muscular and immune state in those engaged in heating microclimate labour conditions. It is proposed that intensive heat and physical overload results in presenilation among workers, which is proved by changes in their cardiopulmonary and biologic aging processes.     

Optimal air conditioning in the classrooms of secondary schools as a factor of improving health status of schoolchildren

Proceeding from the analysis and statistical processing of the data derived during the study of health dynamics of junior schoolchildren, who studied during an academic year under the conditions of different air exchange regimes (20 and 40 m3 of air per hr/child), it was established that indoor air medium formed by air supply of 40 m3 per hr/child (compared to 20 m3) even during a year had a favorable impact on the functional state of some body systems and prevalence of acute diseases among schoolchildren.     

Health-related assessment of the work training of 5-7th-form pupils

The present investigation is devoted to the study of the influence of labour on the functional state of the organism of medium school-aged pupils. It has been found out that engagement of schoolchildren in the workships and study rooms of service labour are not tiring, which creates reserves for the active development of the motor functions of schoolchildren. At the same time it has been found out that the types of labour which they encounter for the first time (joinery in the 5th form, electrotechnical work) lead to unfavourable changes in the functional state of schoolchildren organisms. The data obtained in the course of investigation on the organization of labour lesson (density of working and lessons structure) have been used in the development of 'Concept of labour preparation of the rising generation and studying young people in the system of continuous education'.     

Influence of a combination of environmental factors on elementary school children

Three-year ecological, hygienic, and physiological studies of the influence of a combination of environmental factors on the functional status in 510 junior schoolchildren have established that the leading determinants of the formation of the habitat of junior schoolchildren from the educational establishments under study are the irrational organization of a learning process, poor educational conditions, sociohygienic living conditions and lifestyle in the family, the level of environmental pollution. Dispersion and factorial analyses have established that there is a relationship between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these factors, as well as between the performance of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and the increase in the incidence of diseases in the pupils. The findings may be used to draw up research-and-practical recommendations on the optimization of training of junior pupils on organizing gymnasium-type education and on their health promotion whose introduction will increase the reserve capacities of the children and preserve their health.     

Detection of children's adaptation in prenosological diagnosis

The paper gives the results of studying the adaptability and spare capacities of children, by evaluating the functional state of the major systems of their organism and the mental state of a child. The findings suggest that the schoolchildren have low functional and spare capacities. The children's dysadaptation to environmental conditions was followed by reductions in the tension index of regulatory systems, in the functional capacities of the pupils, and in the functional state of the central nervous system. Most children with poor adaptation and disturbances of adaptive mechanisms were observed to have no chronic diseases, which required measures to reveal adaptive disorders and to correct their health status.     

噪声对心血管影响的流行病学调查

目的采用流行病学方法调查工业噪声对心血管系统的影响。方法对５６３９名作业工人接触工业噪声与心血管系统疾病的关系进行流行病学调查。结果５１１９名噪声作业工人的心血管异常率为１５．１６％,主要为高血压和心功能异常。心血管异常与噪声强度有显著相关性,心功能异常与工龄呈负相关。高血压以男性为多数,而心功能异常在女性中发生率较高。结论工业噪声对工人的心血管系统有影响。     

Detection of cardiovascular pathology in adolescents and students during mass preventive examinations

Automated system of data collection on medical history, clinical and ECG examination was used in mass examination of schoolchildren and students. Functional impairments were prevalent among detected cardiovascular disorders. Patients with metabolic changes on the ECG were attributed to a risk group with possible further development of chronic heart disease.     

Parental participation in the prevention and correction of disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system in schoolchildren

The fact that parents are found to be inadequately aware of the prevention and correction of disorders and disorders of the musculoskeletal system (MSS) negatively affects its state in their children. Work increasing the parents'awareness has become an integral part of the first developed medicoeducational module which is the basis of a conceptual model to prevent and correct MSS disorders and diseases in schoolchildren. The introduction of the medicoeducational module into the work of comprehensive educational schools with the active participation of parents could reduce the prevalence of functional impairments and early diseases of MSS in schoolchildren by 50% during 3 years.     

Health status and prevention of disorders in people performing intensive visual work]

Electronic industry workers, whose work involves visual strain were examined. The work appeared to be characterized by a plenty of unfavourable factors: high visual and emotional intensity, considerable strain of the locomotor apparatus in supporting a fixed sitting posture. The micromountain workers were exposed to poor ionized and ozonized air conditions combined with high bacterial contamination and lack of the UV rays in the air. Examinees showed markedly changed health and functional status of the main body systems. A complex of hygienic, prophylactic, physiological, technological and medical measures yielded remarkable results. Working conditions of electron industry workers are to be regulated.     

Hygienic electrooculographic evaluation of working conditions of school children using a computer

The technique for the electrooculographic analysis of the visual system of schoolchildren working with computers is described. The strain of the oculomotor system and fatigue manifestation have been detected in children under unfavourable environmental conditions. It is recommended to use the derived indicators of evaluating electrooculograms when hygienically assessing the working conditions of schoolchildren using computers.     

医务放射工作人员心血管健康异常的影响因素研究

目的 应用Logistic模型分析性别、年龄、工龄、工种以及单位级别等因素对医疗放射工作人员心血管健康状况的影响。了解长期低剂量辐射与放射工作人员心血管健康异常之间关系。方法 收集2013年山东省某市医务放射工作人员共437人的职业健康体检资料中关于心血管检查项目,录入EXCEL表格中,运用SPSS台22.0软件进行logistic回归统计分析。结果 对心血管系统健康影响因素分析结果如下:单因素分析的结果提示影响血压和心率异常的因素有性别、年龄和工龄(P < 0.001),统计回归分析揭示其中的性别、年龄是血压和心率异常的独立影响因素(P < 0.001);经单因素分析,在α=0.05水平上,性别、年龄、工龄、单位级别和工种皆不是心电图异常表现的影响因素。结论 性别和年龄是导致医务放射工作人员心血管健康异常的独立影响因素,而工龄、工种以及单位级别不是其影响因素。本结果提示长期低剂量辐射与放射工作人员心血管健康异常无显著关联性。     

Working conditions and functional body stress of operators in the television video recording centers

In order to determine the ways for prevention of operators' overstrain, the working conditions and functional body stress were dynamically studied during the 12-hour shift by means of TV video-recording. The majority of operators experienced some neurologic disorders, high rates of situational and personality anxiety and an elevated level of neurotism. Mean rate of potential systoles was 75 +/- 2 per min, systolic arterial pressure 114 +/- 2, diastolic AP 74 +/- 2 mm of mercury column. No renewable dynamics of the above indicators was noted. The Kerdau vegetative index experienced a decline from + 6.0 +/- 2.5 to -6.5 +/- 3.0 arbitrary units during the shift. The regulatory system strain index in the half of the examined workers reached 300AU. The speed of data processing remained stable during the shift. To its end the critical fusion frequency on the peripheric visual field and remote visual thresholds decreased and differentiated achromatic thresholds increased. The level of operators' functional body strain could be regarded as admissible. The above characteristics of load response of some physiologic systems were assumed to be variants of an adaptable norm. The proposed preventive measures assisted in decreasing operators' functional body strain.     

Mathematical modeling of cardiovascular system in patients with hemorrhage and hypothermia

Mathematical modeling is the most expedient method for studying the response of human cardiovascular system to a combined effect of several external factors, in particular, hemorrhage and hypothermia. A complex mathematical model integrating models of the functional systems of human body and the physiological effects of disturbing factors can be used to study the combined effect of external factors. It allows the response of human body to various combinations of external effects of different intensities to be assessed with high accuracy. In addition, the model makes it possible to prognosticate the dynamics of changes in the cardiovascular system parameters from their initial variation. This facilitates prediction of the development of patient's state.     

Work-related life events, psychological well-being and cardiovascular risk factors in male Swedish automotive workers

AIMS: To analyse the relationship between life events, social support, psychological well-being and cardiovascular risk factors in blue- and white-collar Swedish automotive workers. METHODS: Baseline questionnaire regarding life events, social support, depressed mood and mental strain and smoking habits. Follow-up questionnaire after 5 years included the Psychological General Well-being Inventory to assess various health variables. At baseline and follow-up, anthropometric data were obtained. Blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipids were measured and smoking habits were surveyed. RESULTS: The blue-collar workers showed a profile indicating increased cardiovascular risk with a higher proportion of smokers, a higher waist to hip ratio and higher triglycerides. They also reported themselves to have worse general health and less emotional self-control, but were less anxious than the white-collar workers. Negative life events, especially those related to work seemed to affect the well-being of the blue-collar workers more adversely than the white-collar workers. Being nervous and depressed at baseline increased the risk of poor psychological well-being at the follow-up. Social support within this 5-year perspective was a factor which predicted psychological well-being in both worker categories. Increase in cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio was the only cardiovascular risk factor associated with the strain of life events but not with work-related events. CONCLUSION: Over a 5-year period, men who experienced negative, strongly stressful and work-related life events displayed poorer psychological well-being at follow-up regardless of worker category. Social support was protective.     

Epidemiological examinations of the workers at a thermoelectric power station

Medical and clinico-laboratory examinations were performed of thermoelectric power station (TES) workers who were exposed to the hazardous factors related to the technological process and contamination substances transferred from other industrial sites. Following prepathologic and pathologic states were registered: respiratory functional disorders, ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, audiometric state deviations and acoustic nerve neuritis, irritative dermatitis. Basing on the data obtained, risk groups identification was performed.     

A physiologic hygiene assessment of the work of female telephone operators at a city directory-information service while working with display terminals

Physiologic and hygienic characteristics of body functioning state of female telephone operators working with displays in the inquiry information service "09" are presented. Insignificant changes of the cardiovascular system and functional state of the central nervous and neuromuscular systems have been detected along with the deterioration of visual function. The above changes are associated with neuroemotional stress during the work with video terminals and testify to distinct, sometimes quite significant fatigue. The necessity for optimization of work load and work organization of telephone operators by means of the development and introduction of rational work/rest regimes is set forth.     

Structure and dynamics of systemic organization of the cardiorespiratory function during the adaptation process of miners to occupational factors in deep coal mines

Characteristics of the systems organization of the cardiorespiratory function were analyzed in miners of different age. The findings were compared to the data on labour turnover, work efficiency and the rate of cardiovascular diseases. It is indicated that an initial adaptation period in deep coal mines was accompanied by the stress of vegetative regulatory mechanisms, significant labour turnover and low work efficiency of miners. The stage of resistant adaptation was characterized by raising functional flexibility, decrease in labour turnover and elevation of the degree of professional work capacity. For miners aged 35 and older the process of systems restructuring of vegetative functions was followed by the decrease in labour efficiency and significant growth of cardiovascular diseases.     

Specific work processes in sailors of the Arctic navy at "ice moorages" and their effect on various body systems

A complex clinico-physiologic study of the functional state of sailors engaged in loading and discharge works at high latitudes during winter navigation period helped to establish the impact of climatic and occupational processes on the state of cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous, immune, thermoregulatory and muscular systems of the examined sailors.     

Work capacity and re-entry into the workforce for the cardiac patient

BACKGROUND: Treatment and rehabilitation of patients with heart disease is focused on survival, work resumption, achievement of a state of subjective well-being and compliance with behavioural changes in order to prevent progression of the atherosclerotic process. OBJECTIVES: To propose a specific job fitness evaluation method for workers with heart disease, based on analysis of occupational factors influencing the cardiovascular system and the definition of a clinical and functional profile of the patient, with special regard to aspects influencing vocational attitude. METHODS: A literature review was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although resumption of work is not the sole objective in the rehabilitation process, it remains an important goal not only for economic reasons, but also because it is beneficial for most patients' psychological well-being. However, it must be admitted that specific job fitness evaluation is rarely performed during rehabilitation programmes of cardiac patients and this can cause problems at the time of return to work. Doubts and uncertainties are also due to the lack of standardized evaluation methods and to the clinical peculiarity of these patients, mainly due to the risk of sudden disability. The job fitness evaluation method used in this study allows physicians to perform assessments based on objective data, so improving patients' confidence in their work capacity. To achieve a satisfactory application of the method, close cooperation between the cardiologist and the occupational physician is necessary.