Experience with a totally implantable venous access device (Port-A-Cath) in patients with AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the complication rate of a totally implantable central venous access device [Port-A-Cath (PAC)] in AIDS patients, used mainly for home infusion therapy. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: The study was performed at the AIDS Unit of the Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven consecutive AIDS patients who had a PAC device implanted to receive either drug maintenance therapy (42 patients) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN; five patients). RESULTS: Fifty-one devices were implanted between June 1987 and October 1990. Mean puncture frequency was five times per week. The total number of catheter days was 9069. The total complication rate was 0.43 per 100 catheter days. Complications occurred in 17 (36%) patients: three implantation-related bleedings (0.03 per 100 catheter days), three puncture-related bleedings (0.03 per 100), two infections (0.17 per 100), seven occlusions (0.08 per 100), four flow problems (0.04 per 100) and one central vein thrombosis (0.011 per 100). Imminent skin necrosis at puncture site occurred in one case (0.01 per 100) and drug extravasation in two cases (0.02 per 100). Eight devices (17%) had to be removed. Primary septicaemias were resolved using antibiotics in three out of six patients in whom they occurred. Occlusions were almost exclusively caused by TPN. CONCLUSION: A totally implantable venous access device appears to be safe and convenient in (home) infusion therapy in AIDS patients, without risk of additional infection.     

Early enteral nutrition vs parenteral nutrition following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Experience from a single center

AIM: To analyze and compare postoperative morbidity between patients receiving total parenteral nutrition(TPN) and early enteral nutrition supplemented with parenteral nutrition(EEN + PN).METHODS: Three hundred and forty patients receiving pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) from 2009 to 2013 at our center were enrolled retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups depending on postoperative nutrition support scheme: an EEN + PN group(n = 87) and a TPN group(n = 253). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative biochemicalparameters, pathological diagnosis, intraoperative information, and postoperative complications of the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: The two groups did not differ in demographic characteristics, preoperative comorbidities, preoperative biochemical parameters or pathological findings(P 0.05 for all). However, patients with EEN + PN following PD had a higher incidence of delayed gastric emptying(16.1% vs 6.7%, P = 0.016), pulmonary infection(10.3% vs 3.6%, P = 0.024), and probably intraperitoneal infection(18.4% vs 10.3%, P = 0.059), which might account for their longer nasogastric tube retention time(9 d vs 5 d, P = 0.006), postoperative hospital stay(25 d vs 20 d, P = 0.055) and higher hospitalization expenses(USD10397 vs USD8663.9, P = 0.008), compared to those with TPN.CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that TPN might be safe and sufficient for patient recovery after PD. Postoperative EEN should only be performed scrupulously and selectively.     

Effect of perioperative parenteral nutritional support for gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Malnutrition is frequently seen in gastric cancer patients. Perioperative nutritional support may reduce postoperative complications, especially in severely depleted gastric cancer patients with GI obstruction. However, the beneficial effects of perioperative total parenteral nutrition for gastric cancer surgery patients still have not been clearly demonstrated in Taiwan. This study evaluated the effects of perioperative nutritional support for severely malnourished patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy. METHODOLOGY: The study analyzed malnourished patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy from Oct 2000 to Oct 2002. Total nutritional support was examined for severely depleted patients with body weight loss > 10% over 6 months or a low serum albumin level (< 3.0g/dL). These patients were classified into two groups, those without TPN (total parenteral nutrition) use and those with TPN use. The patients who received TPN were further divided into 2 groups, those who received TPN postoperatively and those who received it perioperatively. Correlation with the postoperative outcome was then made. RESULTS: Forty patients who underwent total gastrectomy and 78 patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy had severe malnutrition preoperatively. We found gastric cancer patients with malnutrition had high morbidity and mortality rates (29.7% and 8.6%, respectively) when undergoing gastrectomy, especially total gastrectomy. There was a higher morbidity rate in the group without TPN (66.7% vs. 16% and 43.75% vs. 21.74%) in both the subtotal and total gastrectomy groups, and a longer postoperative stay for patients without TPN (35.21 +/- 25.05 vs. 21.32 +/- 12.32) in the total gastrectomy group than for patients with TPN in these groups. The mortality rate, morbidity rate and postoperative stay were higher in patients who received postoperative TPN only than in patients with peri-operative TPN. CONCLUSIONS: TPN use, perioperatively or postoperatively, can help reduce the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Total nutritional support is effective for patients with malnutrition undergoing gastric cancer surgery.     

Reliability of Q-wave formation and QRS score in predicting regional and global left ventricular performance in acute myocardial infarction with successful reperfusion

The frequency of electrocardiographic Q-wave formation and the relation of Q wave and QRS score to regional and global left ventricular (LV) performance were determined in 131 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receiving thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic therapy was successful in reperfusing the occluded infarct artery in 100 patients and was unsuccessful in 31. The number of patients who had 1 or more Q waves (88 vs 87%) and 2 or more Q waves (70 vs 74%) was similar. In contrast, normal wall motion was significantly more common in the infarct area in patients in whom reperfusion was successful (42 vs 15%, p less than 0.05). Total QRS scores were similar in patients in whom reperfusion was successful and in those in whom it was not (6.0 +/- 3.2 vs 6.4 +/- 4.2). Despite similar QRS scores, successfully treated patients had significantly higher LV ejection fraction (53 +/- 13% vs 46 +/- 15%, p less than 0.05). Thus, Q-wave formation after successful thrombolytic therapy for AMI is common but does not faithfully reflect regional or global LV performance. Electrocardiographic analysis alone is not a reliable method to assess efficacy of reperfusion therapy.     

Prognostic significance of silent myocardial ischemia on a thallium stress test

The clinical significance of silent ischemia is not fully known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence or absence of angina during a thallium stress test positive for ischemia was independently predictive of an adverse outcome. Two hundred thirty-four consecutive patients with ischemia on a thallium stress test were identified. Ischemia was defined as the presence of defect(s) on the immediate postexercise scans not in the distribution of prior infarctions that redistributed on 4-hour scans. During the test 129 patients had angina, defined as characteristic neck, jaw, arm, back or chest discomfort, while the remaining 105 patients had no angina. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 8.2 years (mean 5.2 +/- 2.1) and was successfully obtained in 156 patients. Eighty-two of the 156 patients had angina (group A) and 74 had silent ischemia (group S). Group A patients were significantly older (62 +/- 8 vs 59 +/- 8 years, p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of sex, history of prior infarction or presence of left main/3-vessel disease. A larger percentage of patients in group A were receiving beta blockers (60 vs 41%, p less than 0.05) and nitrates (52 vs 36%, 0.05 less than p less than 0.10). There was a large number of cardiac events (myocardial infarction, revascularization and death) in both groups (37 of 82 [45%] in group A; 28 of 72 [38%] in group S) but no statistically significant difference between the groups. Similarly, life-table analysis revealed no difference in mortality between the 2 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Nutrition and exocrine pancreatic function in infancy: effects of total parenteral nutrition and first degree malnutrition

Thirty-six infants suffering from gastrointestinal diseases during infancy were evaluated for exocrine pancreatic function by means of the pancreozymin-secretin test. Duodenal fluid volume, protein content, and content and peak-specific activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin were determined following intravenous administration of either pancreozymin (CCK) or secretin. Seven infants receiving long-term parenteral nutrition and 17 infants receiving oral feedings and exhibiting first-degree malnutrition in association with chronic diarrhea underwent testing. Results were compared to those of a group of 12 age-matched infants with chronic diarrhea and weight loss. Four patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) suffered from severe short bowel syndrome and three had intractable diarrhea of infancy. The total duration of TPN ranged from 1.5-12 months, and the period of exclusive TPN in the absence of oral feedings ranged from 1-4 months. The heights, weights, and weight-for-height relationships were at or above the fifth percentile for all seven infants. The weight-for-height relationship of each patient in the control group was above the fifth percentile, while that of all malnourished infants was below the fifth percentile. No significant difference was found in the volume of fluid collected following either CCK or secretin administration. The content and concentration of amylase and lipase were lower in those patients receiving TPN. The levels were statistically significant (p less than 0.05) following secretin administration. In contrast, the peak-specific activity and total trypsin content, as well as protein content, was not significantly different in patients receiving TPN, controls, and malnourished patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Corticotropin versus hydrocortisone in the intravenous treatment of ulcerative colitis. A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Sixty-six patients hospitalized for ulcerative colitis were treated in a prospective, double-blind, clinical trial. They received either 120 U/day of intravenous corticotropin or 300 mg/day of intravenous hydrocortisone. Patients were randomized within strata defined by whether they had received oral corticosteroids continuously for at least 30 days before the study (group A, 35 patients), or whether they had received no such prior treatment (group B, 31 patients). Twenty-eight of the 66 patients (42%) achieved remission. In group B, the proportion of patients entering remission was greater with corticotropin than with hydrocortisone (63% vs. 27%, 0.025 less than p less than 0.05). The opposite trend was observed within group A, for whom hydrocortisone appeared more effective (53% vs. 25%, 0.05 less than p less than 0.10). Impaired adrenal responsiveness, as measured by serum cortisol and dehydroepiandosterone-sulfate levels, did not explain the different responses to therapy within the two study groups. Twenty of 28 patients whose acute therapy was successful were still in remission 1 yr after study. These data suggest that, at the doses used, intravenous corticotropin therapy of severe ulcerative colitis is the more effective choice for those patients not previously treated with corticosteroids, while intravenous hydrocortisone seems preferable for patients already receiving steroid treatment.     

One-year outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention for stable and unstable angina pectoris with or without application of general usage of stents in unselected European patient groups

The outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of all patients treated for stable and unstable angina pectoris from July 1992 to June 1993 (group A [n = 590], of whom 3.7% received stents) was compared with the outcome in patients treated from July 1996 to June 1997 (group B [n = 768], of whom 64.7% received stents). All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. PCI was performed due to unstable angina in 34.1% and 33.5% of patients in groups A and B, respectively. More patients in group B than in group A had systemic hypertension, previous coronary artery bypass grafting, and PCI. Within 1 year, 42.2% of patients in group A versus 27.2% in group B (p <0.001) either died, had a nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or underwent a new revascularization procedure. The difference between the groups persisted after correction for differences in baseline characteristics. No difference was seen in the subgroup that had previously undergone PCI. Mortality (2.0% vs 1.4%, p = NS) and the composite of death plus AMI (6.6% vs 6.1%, p = NS) was similar in groups A and B. The diagnoses of unstable angina and systemic hypertension at the time of the procedure were also predictors of adverse outcome. Thus, in a cohort of patients treated after the general acceptance of stenting, the composite of death, AMI, and/or revascularization procedures was significantly less than that in the cohort treated before this increase in stenting. However, this did not result in a reduced frequency of death or AMI.     

Variceal band ligation and variceal band ligation plus sclerotherapy in the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients: a randomized, prospective and controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The combination treatment of band ligation plus sclerotherapy has been proposed to hasten variceal eradication. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of band ligation alone versus band ligation plus sclerotherapy in the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding. METHODS: Eighty cirrhotic patients were randomized to group I (band ligation) with 41 patients or to group II (band ligation plus sclerotherapy) with 39 patients in whom polidocanol (2%) was injected 1 to 2 cm proximal to each band. RESULTS: At baseline, both groups were similar with regard to clinical, demographic and laboratory data. Mean follow-up time (standard error) for group I was 336.5 +/- 43.4 days and for group II 386.1 +/- 40.1 days (p = 0.4). No statistical differences were observed between group I and group II in relation to recurrence of bleeding (31.7% vs. 23%, p = 0.38), treatment failure (24.4% vs. 12. 8%, p = 0.18), death (39% vs. 30.8%, p = 0.44) and variceal eradication (65.8% vs. 74.4%, p = 0.40). Group II had a significantly higher number of complications than group I, 30.8% versus 7.3%, respectively (p = 0.05). The number of bleeding related deaths was higher in group I than in group II (22% vs. 10.3%, respectively; p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference was observed between band ligation and band ligation plus sclerotherapy in prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding. Furthermore, there was a higher incidence of complications in the latter group.     

MynxGrip® vascular closure device versus manual compression for hemostasis of percutaneous transfemoral venous access closure: Results from a prospective multicenter randomized study

PurposeEvaluate the safety of MynxGrip® for common femoral vein closure.Methods and materialsThis is a multicenter, randomized, prospective study of 208 patients who were slated to undergo diagnostic/interventional procedures via femoral venous access. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive venous hemostasis via MynxGrip® (n = 104) or manual compression (n = 104) utilizing 5, 6, and 7 Fr sheaths. Bilateral calf and thigh circumferences were measured serially. Patients were followed up through hospital discharge. There were no differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups.ResultsThere was no difference between the groups for venous thrombosis, (0%, p = 1). Overall, there was no significant change in access site calf (−0.18 ± 1.38 cm, p = 0.18) or thigh diameter (0.33 ± 2.86, p = 0.81). In both groups, none of the patients had major or minor vascular complications, access site infection, nerve injury, or access site bleeding requiring transfusion. The pre- to post-procedure hemoglobin drop was −0.51 ± 1.1 vs. −0.64 ± 1.3 g/dL, p = 0.59 in the manual compression group and MynxGrip® group, respectively. Time to hemostasis, was significantly lower in the MynxGrip® group compared to the manual compression group with 0.12 ± 0.89 vs. 7.6 ± 5.7 min, respectively (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe MynxGrip® extravascular sealant is safe and effective for femoral venous access site closure.     

持续早期肠内营养联合肠黏膜保护对重症急性胰腺炎肠屏障功能影响的多中心随机对照临床试验

目的 观察持续早期肠内营养(EEN)联合肠黏膜保护对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者肠屏障功能的影响.方法 选取2004年5月至2006年6月四个中心SAP患者79例,分为EEN联合肠黏膜保护组(联合组,39例)和完全肠外营养(TPN)组(40例).在发病后72 h内分别给予等氮源、等热量EEN和TPN.联合组给予肠内营养多聚合剂、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺和肠黏膜保护药物;TPN组采用中心静脉或外周静脉输注.入选后第1、7、14、21天行急性生理学及慢性健康状况(APACHE-Ⅱ)评分并检测血淀粉酶、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、内毒素、尿液肠脂肪酸结合蛋白浓度(IFABP-c)、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白含量(IFABP-t)、乳果糖与甘露醇(L/M)比值和肠道菌群变化,并观察并发症和住院时间、费用.结果 两组患者均无死亡.两组APACHE-Ⅱ评分随住院天数增加均呈递减趋势,联合组第7天APACHE-Ⅱ评分为6.00±1.60,低于TPN组(7.08±2.34,P＜0.05).第7,14,21天联合组血内毒素分别为(39.30±15.82)、(22.64±14.31)、(14.81±10.93)Eu/L,L/M比值分别为0.28±0.25、0.21±0.18和0.08±0.04,IFABP-c分别为(15.62±5.26)、(5.46±1.18)和(3.26±0.94)pg/ml,均明显低于TPN组(P值均＜0.05).联合组肠道菌群结构无明显变化,而TPN组出现肠道菌群结构变化.TPN组感染率(包括胰腺感染、腹腔感染和泌尿道、呼吸道感染)高于联合组(26.47%比3.44%,P＜0.01).联合组住院费用为(25 900±14 200)元,平均住院天数为(20.0±5.7)d,均低于TPN组[(46 800±4030)元和(34.5±19.9)d,P值均＜0.05)].结论 EEN联合肠黏膜保护可降低SAP患者肠道通透性,改善肠道灌注,保持肠道菌群,减少内毒素易位,对肠屏障功能有保护作用,且缩短病程、节约住院费用.     

Portal pressure response to losartan compared with propranolol in patients with cirrhosis

OBJECTIVES: Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has portal hypotensive effects. This study evaluates the effect of losartan on portal pressure after 14 days and compares it with that of propranolol. METHODS: A total of 39 individuals with cirrhosis were randomized into two groups of 19 and 20 patients each and were treated with losartan and propranolol, respectively. Hepatic venous pressure gradient was measured at baseline and on day 14 of therapy. Responders to therapy had hepatic venous pressure gradient reduction of >/=20% of baseline value. RESULTS: With losartan, 15 of 19 (78.94%) patients were responders and with propranolol, nine of 20 (45%) patients were responders (p < 0.05). Although the hepatic venous pressure gradient reduction (i.e., percentage from baseline) with losartan (26.74 +/- 21.7%) was higher than with propranolol (14.52 +/- 32%), the difference was not significant. The reduction in hepatic venous pressure gradient with losartan was contributed mainly by a significant drop of wedge hepatic venous pressure from 32.42 +/- 6.61 mm of Hg to 28.31 +/- 5.09 mm of Hg (p < 0.05) compared to that with propranolol, which was from 34.55 +/- 5.41 mm of Hg to 32.75 +/- 8.13 mm of Hg (p > 0.05). Responders among alcohol-abusing patients were significantly higher with losartan (81.8%) compared to those on propranolol (27.2%; p < 0.05). In the losartan group, all seven nonascitic cirrhotic individuals, as compared with two of five in the propranolol group, responded to the drugs. During the study, no significant side effects were observed in either group (who were not receiving diuretics) or in follow-up with diuretics. CONCLUSIONS: Losartan is as effective as propranolol in reducing portal pressure in cirrhotic patients who are not receiving diuretics. Losartan is also superior to propranolol for achieving target level hepatic venous gradient for prevention of variceal bleeding in nonascitic and alcohol-abusing cirrhotic patients.     

The efficacy of Plantago ovata as a regulator of intestinal transit. A double-blind study compared to placebo]

The effect of Plantago ovata on patients with chronic constipation (CC) with or without irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been assessed by a double blind study comprising 20 patients with CC of which 10 had associated IBS. A clinical questionnaire, weight of feces and intestinal transit time measured with radiopaque markers were done. Patients were then randomly distributed, 10 receiving PO and 10 placebo. Similar tests were done after treatment one month later. All patients receiving PO had good results against only one in the placebo group. Frequency of stools increased from 2.5 +/- 1 vs 8 +/- 2.2 stools per week, p less than 0.001 for paired data). A decrease in consistency of stools was also observed in the treated group. Fecal weight and colonic transit time were not significantly modified in placebo patients, while weight increase was observed in the treated ones (124 +/- 71 vs 194 +/- 65, gr/d p less than 0.001 for paired data) as well as a decrease in transit time (48 +/- 15 vs 34 +/- 18 hours p less than 0.05 for paired data). No adverse effects were observed and particularly no flatulence as often seen in patients on bran.     

Lactate metabolism as a prognostic index in unstable angina

Fifty patients evaluated because of unstable angina were followed up for a mean period of 63.7 months. Analysis of transmyocardial lactate metabolism was performed in all patients in addition to coronary angiography and ventriculography. All patients had at least one coronary lesion of great than 75%. Although technically feasible, aortocoronary bypass surgery was not performed on initial hospitalization and all patients were treated medically. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of lactate metabolism; group A lactate production great than 15%, group B lactate production less than 15% or lactate extraction. There was no difference in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or ejection fraction between the two groups. A coronary score index was higher in group A than group B (5.45 +/- 2.2 vs 3.13 +/- 1.2) (p less than 0.05). The incidence of myocardial infarction was higher in group A than group B in hospital (44.4% vs. 4.3%, p less than 0.05), and long term (70.3% vs. 17.3%, p less than 0.05). Mortality was higher in group A than group B in hospital (25.9% vs. 0%, p less than 0.05) and long term (66.7% vs. 13%, p less than 0.05). Analysis of lactate metabolism thus provides a prognostic index in unstable angina which complements information obtained by coronary angiography and ventriculography.     

Prospective randomized trial of intravenous and intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction

To evaluate the relative thrombolytic efficacy and complications of intracoronary vs high-dose, short-term intravenous streptokinase infusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, we performed baseline coronary arteriography and then randomly allocated 51 patients with acute myocardial infarction to receive either intracoronary (n = 25) or intravenous (n = 26) streptokinase. Patients getting the drug by the intracoronary route received 240,000 IU of streptokinase into the infarct-related artery over 1 hr, whereas those getting the drug by the intravenous route received either 500,000 IU of streptokinase over 15 min (n = 10) or 1 million IU of streptokinase over 45 min (n = 16). Angiographically observed thrombolysis occurred in 76% (19/25) of the patients receiving intracoronary streptokinase, in 10% (1/10) of the patients receiving 500,000 IU of streptokinase intravenously, and in 44% (7/16) of the patients receiving 1 million IU of streptokinase intravenously. Among patients in whom thrombolysis was observed, mean elapsed time from onset of streptokinase infusion until lysis was 31 +/- 18 min in patients receiving intracoronary streptokinase and 38 +/- 20 min in those receiving intravenous streptokinase (p = NS). Among patients in whom intravenous streptokinase "failed," intracoronary streptokinase in combination with intracoronary guidewire manipulation recanalized only 7% (1/15). Fibrinogen levels within 6 hr after streptokinase were significantly lower in the patients receiving intravenous streptokinase (39 +/- 17 mg/dl) than the levels in those receiving intracoronary streptokinase (88 +/- 70 mg/dl) (p less than .05) but were similar 24 hr after streptokinase in the two groups. Bleeding requiring transfusion occurred in one patient in each group. Thus, in this prospective randomized trial of intracoronary vs intravenous streptokinase, hemorrhagic complications were few, although both regimens produced a systemic lytic state. Although the thrombolytic efficacy of intracoronary streptokinase was superior to that of high-dose, short-term intravenous streptokinase, the higher-dose intravenous regimen (1 million IU over 45 min) achieved thrombolysis in a significant minority (44%) of patients and might be useful therapy for patients not having access to emergency catheterization.     

Total parenteral nutrition vs oral diet in autologous hematopoietic cell transplant recipients

Autologous HCT patients often have poor oral intake for 2-4 weeks post transplant. To compare outcomes between patients provided prophylactic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or an oral diet (OD), 55 well nourished breast cancer/ hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients were randomized to TPN (n=27), beginning day -1, or OD (n=28). Parameters studied include length of stay (LOS), engraftment, infections, survival, weight, anthropometrics, handgrip strength, and quality of life (QOL) In all, 50% of OD patients were given TPN due to poor oral intake for 10 consecutive days. No significant differences were found between the groups for any of the above parameters except weight and anthropometrics, which were better maintained in the TPN group than the OD group. Trends were seen for increased infections, more stable handgrip strength, and improved QOL in the TPN group vs the OD group. Prophylactic TPN did result in a more intact nutritional status and preservation of lean body mass post transplant but did not impact LOS or survival when compared to OD. For this reason, TPN should be reserved for autologous HCT patients with pretransplant nutritional depletion, complications post transplant, or prolonged poor oral intake. These results should not be extrapolated to allogeneic HCT patients but are likely applicable to other well nourished autologous HCT patients.     

合并慢性左心衰竭的老年冠心病患者经桡动脉介入治疗的优势及安全性

目的探讨合并慢性左心衰竭的老年冠心病患者经桡动脉途径介入治疗的优势及安全性。方法选择121例合并慢性左心衰竭的老年(年龄>65岁)冠心病患者,其中男性79例,女性42例,平均年龄(76±6.4)岁。分为经股动脉介入治疗组(对照组51例)和经桡动脉介入治疗组(桡动脉组70例)。观察并对比如下指标:X线曝光时间,术后卧床时间,与穿刺相关的并发症发生率(出血、血肿、无脉征、动-静脉瘘等),下肢深静脉血栓形成,血管进入失败率,术后卧床期间急性左心衰竭的发生率,体循环及肺循环栓塞的发生率。结果桡动脉组X线曝光时间平均(47.8±21.3)min,对照组平均(40.1±24.8)min(P>0.05);桡动脉组术后卧床时间平均(3.3±1.9)h,对照组平均(22.5±8.1)h(P<0.001);桡动脉组穿刺相关的并发症发生率为2.8%,对照组为5.7%(P<0.05);桡动脉组术后下肢深静脉血栓形成发生率为0,对照组3.9%(P<0.05);桡动脉组血管进入失败率为2.8%,对照组为5.7%(P<0.05);卧床期间急性左心衰的发生率桡动脉组为1.4%,对照组为8.5%(P<0.01),桡动脉组体循环栓塞发生率为0,对照组为3.9%(P<0.01),桡动脉组肺栓塞的发生率为0,对照组为1.4%(P<0.05)。住院期间两组无一例发生死亡。结论对于合并慢性左心衰竭的老年冠心病患者的冠状动脉介入治疗,经桡动脉和股动脉两种径路均是安全可行的。     

Total enteral nutrition as prophylactic therapy for pancreatic necrosis infection in severe acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of enteral nutrition, in comparison with the total parenteral nutrition (TPN) plus antibiotic therapy, for avoiding pancreatic necrosis infection in the severe acute pancreatitis. METHODS: In the period between October 1998 and September 2003, 87 patients met the inclusion criteria and took part in this research. Within the first week from their admission, 43 patients received TPN and 44 patients received total enteral nutrition (TEN). An adequate prophylactic antibiotic therapy was used in both groups. The severity of the manifestations was similar for both groups having a tomographic 'severity index' of 8 and an entry C-reactive protein of 208 and 203 mg/l, respectively. RESULTS: The group that received TPN suffered an organ failure in 79% of the cases, while the percentage showed by the group that received TEN was 31%; 88 and 25% of the patients in each group requiring a surgical intervention, respectively (p < 0.001). There was decreased presence of pancreatic necrosis infection in the group of patients that was supplied with TEN (20%) than in the group receiving TPN, where it reached 74% (p < 0.001). The death rate was significantly higher among the patients who received TPN, (35%), while for the patients who received TEN it was only 5% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TEN could be used as a prophylactic therapy for infected pancreatic necrosis since it significantly diminished the necrosis infection as well as the mortality.