腹腔镜手术意外发现胆囊癌的诊治体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中遇到意外胆囊癌（UGC）的诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析我院1997年6月～2007年12月LC术中遇到的8例意外胆囊癌的临床资料。结果术中探查结合快速病理明确诊断6例，2例术后石蜡病理证实为胆囊癌。开腹手术4例，单纯腹腔镜胆囊切除2例，2例腹腔内广泛转移，行腹腔镜胆囊姑息性切除术。结论行LC前应加强对胆囊癌的警惕与认识。术中应常规检查胆囊标本，有怀疑者及时行冰冻切片检查。UGC确诊后应尽早开腹行根治性和扩大根治性切除术，并采取必要措施防止肿瘤种植转移。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中或术后意外胆囊癌的治疗

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）术中发现意外胆囊癌（UGC）的治疗方法。方法回顾分析1996年1月至2010年6月期间5000例行LC患者的临床资料,术后发现UGC12例,结合以往文献对UGC的诊治方法进行分析。结果手术顺利,术中和术后被证实为胆囊癌的患者12例,发生率为0.24%（12/5000）,其中T1期6例,T2期4例,T3期1例,T4期1例。T1期患者仅行LC,除1例于术后第39个月死于其他疾病外均长期存活;T2期仅行LC2例,中转开腹2例,行胆囊癌根治术,术后均长期存活;T3期1例,行LC,于术后第42个月死于肿瘤转移;T4期1例,术中发现腹膜广泛种植,仅行LC,于术后第6个月死亡。有3例发生戳孔种植,T1、T2、T3期各1例。结论胆囊癌存活期短,预后差,但腹腔镜手术发现的UGC大多属早期,采取合适的治疗手段可取得良好的疗效。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌18例临床分析

<正>原发性胆囊癌是最常见的胆道恶性肿瘤之一,因缺乏特异性临床表现,术前确诊率较低。意外胆囊癌(unexpectedgallbladder carcinoma,UGC)是指在临床上因诊断为良性疾病行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术中或术后诊断的胆囊癌。现收集2005年6月至2012年1月我院发现的18例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组18例UGC中男4例,女14例;54～85岁,中位年龄65.7岁;病史3个月～21年,平均8.4年。术     

意外胆囊癌的外科处理

随着腹腔镜技术的普及,腹腔镜胆囊切除术中、术后发现的意外胆囊癌逐渐增多。高龄、结石病史等胆囊癌高危因素与意外胆囊癌相关;术中操作、人工气腹等原因可导致肿瘤的种植转移。胆囊癌外科治疗的关键在于早期发现,不同分期的胆囊癌应采用不同的手术方式,肿瘤的分期是最重要的预后因素。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌16例诊治分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中遇到意外胆囊癌(unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma,UGC)的原因及防治措施. 方法回顾性分析本院6 031例LC术中遇到的16例(0.26%)UGC的临床资料. 结果术中发现胆囊癌(gallbladder carcinoma,GC)9例,另7例经术后病理证实.全组中位生存期为20.3月.原发肿瘤为T2以上的15例中,确诊后行开腹手术者10例,未开腹手术者5例,术后生存时间分别为(19.9±4.9)月及(9.8±2.8)月;行根治及扩大根治术者9例,未行根治术者6例,术后生存时间分别为(21.6±5.3)月及 (7.8±2.6)月. 结论行LC前应加强对GC的警惕与认识,术中应常规检查胆囊标本,有怀疑者及时行冰冻切片检查.UGC确诊后宜尽早开腹行根治性和扩大根治性切除术,并采取必要措施防止肿瘤种植转移.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌12例诊治分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌(unexpected gallb ladder carc inom a,UGC)的处理措施。方法:回顾分析本院955例LC术中遇到的12例(1.26%)UGC的临床资料。结果:随诊3~36个月,平均18个月。迄今全部存活。5例PT1、5例PT2、1例PT3(中转开腹)随访至今未发现癌复发及转移。1例PT2因拒绝根治术,现出现肝多发转移。1例PT4因腹腔种植转移,无法根治,故仅部分切除胆囊(胆囊粘连重),以解决急性胆囊炎问题,现有腹水、恶液质表现。所有病例均未见脐部戳孔处肿瘤种植转移。结论:LC术中应常规切开胆囊标本,必要时送术中冰冻。PT1单纯切除胆囊已足够;PT2要额外楔形切除肝组织及区域淋巴结;PT3中转开腹,行根治手术或姑息手术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌的处理体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术( laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)意外胆囊癌的诊断及处理方式.方法:回顾分析2000年1月至2010年12月LC意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料.结果:术前诊断慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石4例,胆囊息内1例.术中临床诊断为胆囊癌1例,术后石蜡切片病理检查确诊4例,无一例行术中...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除意外胆囊癌的处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术中或术后发现的意外胆囊癌的治疗对策。方法对2438例LC术中或术后发现的6例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组意外胆囊癌发现率为0.24%,其中3例中分化腺癌行同期或二期根治性切除,另3例高分化T1期腺癌未行再次手术;全组均于术后进行了辅助性化疗。术后随访期间6例均健在,5例生存时间均达1年以上,其中2例高分化T1期意外胆囊癌无瘤生存时间达5年以上。结论根据意外胆囊癌不同病理分期选择合理的治疗对策,可明显改善患者生活质量,提高术后生存时间。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除中意外胆囊癌的处理(附16例报道)

目的评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌的诊断、处理及预后。方法对我院2000年1月至2010年1月期间5 832例行LC中16例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 16例意外胆囊癌中7例行LC,9例行开腹胆囊癌根治术。术后病理TNM分期:Ⅰ期10例,Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期2例。16例患者术后随访6～60个月,平均23.3个月。随访期内死亡15例。9例接受胆囊癌根治手术的患者术后1、3、5年生存分别为8/9、4/9及1/9,而7例仅行LC的患者术后1年生存为4/7,无生存超过2.5年者。结论 LC术中应高度警惕意外胆囊癌的发生,意外胆囊癌多为早期,应及时中转开腹行胆囊癌根治术,仅行单纯的LC治疗效果欠佳。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除意外胆囊癌的处理策略

目的：探讨不同处理方式对腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectonay, LC）后意外胆囊癌（incidental gall—bladder cancer,IGBCA）预后的影响。方法：回顾分析LC术后22例IGBCA患者的临床资料。结果：根治性手术患者15例,3年生存率46．67％,5年生存率26．67％;姑息性手术患者7例,3年生存率14．29％,5年生存率为0。根治性手术患者生存时间明显长于姑息性手术患者,平均生存时间（56．19±6．61）个月vs．（26．20±5．19）个月（χ^2=5．290,P=0．021）。结论：LC术前应警惕IGBCA的发生,根治手术患者的预后明显优于姑息性单纯胆囊切除的患者,经过合理的再次根治手术,LC并不影响IGBCA患者的预后。     

Incidental carcinoma gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease

Introduction  Carcinoma gall bladder (CaGB) is a disease with high mortality and is usually diagnosed as an incidental case among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for symptomatic gall stone disease. Methods  A total of 3205 LC done between January 2004 and August 2007 for symptomatic gall stone disease were retrospectively searched for incidental CaGB (detected on histopathology). None of these cases had preoperative suspicion of malignancy and their whole data was analyzed with special attention to preoperative and intraoperative findings which could raise suspicion of CaGB. In November 2007, patients were followed up telephonically about their present status of health. Results  Nineteen patients (14 female and 5 male) with incidental CaGB (incidence 0.59%) were detected. Mean age of the patients was 56 years. Only two of these patients had clinical jaundice and both had common bile duct (CBD) stones. The majority of the patients were in early pathological stages (pT) and none was in pT3 and pT4 stage. Seventeen patients could be followed up telephonically in November 2007 and of those 14 patients were alive at a mean follow-up duration of 21.2 months, with one of them having evidence of metastatic disease. Conclusion  Gall bladder (GB) malignancy may be curable if diagnosed in early stages as an incidental finding and LC may not worsen the prognosis in such cases. In our series, incidental CaGB was detected in 0.59% patients undergoing LC. No association could be found between preoperative and intraoperative findings that could raise a suspicion of malignancy of gall bladder and so use of retrieval bag as a routine measure in cases with bile spillage may reduce the incidence of port-site metastasis.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌28例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中意外胆囊癌的诊治方法。方法对2000年1月~2007年5月我院15560例LC中28例意外胆囊癌(unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma,UGC)的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术中发现12例和术后发现16例中的5例行胆囊癌根治术,而仅行LC11例。术后病理TNM分期:Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期23例,Ⅲ期2例。28例术后随访7~66个月,平均22个月,死亡19例,其中接受胆囊癌根治手术的17例术后1、3、5年的存活率分别为76.5%(13/17)、23.5%(4/17)、11.8%(2/17);而仅行LC的11例术后1年生存率为45.4%,无存活超过2年。结论对高危人群,术中应高度警惕意外胆囊癌的发生,LC意外发现的胆囊癌多为早期,对早期胆囊癌应行标准胆囊癌根治术,仅行单纯的LC是不够的。     

Unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background/Purpose Many cases have been reported of disastrous port-site recurrence after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) revealed unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Some investigators have reported that the prognosis of patients after LC showed unsuspected GBC is not worsened by laparoscopic procedures. We retrospectively reviewed our cases and the literature to reconfirm the intrinsic risks of LC for unsuspected GBC. Methods Of 1663 patients who underwent LC from January 1991 to December 2003 in a single institution, 9 (0.54%) with unsuspected GBC were reviewed. Results These 9 patients consisted of 5 men and 4 women, whose ages ranged from 58 to 87 years, with a median age of 73 years. Two patients with a pT1a tumor (limited to mucosa) and 2 patients with a pT1b tumor (muscle layer) underwent no further operation. The remaining 5 patients with a pT2 tumor (subserosa) underwent further operations with lymph node dissection. Five patients (2 patients with pT1b and 3 patients with pT2) developed recurrence and all of them died within a median period of 19 months (range 14–37 months) after LC. The causes of death were bone metastases in 1 patient (pT2), local recurrence in 2 patients (pT1b and pT2), and peritoneal metastasis in 2 patients (one elderly patient with pT1b who underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and one patient with pT2 in whom the cystic duct was damaged during surgery). Four patients (2 with pT1 and 2 with pT2) have been doing well with a median follow-up of 39.5 months (range 12–99 months) after LC. Conclusions Surgeons should always prevent bile spillage during LC and when removing the resected gallbladder. When laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is planned, especially for elderly women, surgeons should also bear in mind the increasing possibility of unsuspected GBC.     

Unexpected gallbladder cancer during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background/Purpose In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of surgeons in determining incidental gallbladder pathologies at laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods This study included 548 patients with gallstones who underwent LC between May 1, 2001 and October 15, 2003. The surgeon made an incision on the gallbladder wall for inspection, and palpated the mucosa after removing the gallbladder from the abdominal cavity to look for unsuspected pathologies. If an abnormal mucosa was observed or palpated, it was marked with a silk suture and then histopathologic examination was performed.Results Fifty of 548 LC specimens were found to be suspi-cious by the surgeon. Histopathological examination of frozen sections revealed incidental pathologies in 15 of these specimens. Strikingly, 5 of these specimens were considered to have gallbladder cancer (GBC). The other incidental pathologies were consistent with adenomyomatosis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and fibroepithelial and hyperplastic polyps. Four of the other 498 specimens revealed incidental pathologies at definitive histopathological examination, and all of them were consistent with gastric metaplasia. The sensitivity and specificity of the procedure was 78.9% and 93%, respectively.Conclusions A simple prosedure; that is, incision and inspection, and palpation of the gallbladder, seems to be useful for the diagnosis of incidental gallbladder pathologies.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术后意外胆囊癌的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(LC)后意外胆囊癌的诊断、处理及预后。方法:回顾分析2001～2004年间术后意外胆囊癌病例26例,其中发现于LC术后10例,发现于开腹胆囊切除手术(OC)术后16例;结合临床资料和随访结果进行分析。结果:LC术后意外胆囊癌中,1例为pT2病人,行开腹胆囊癌根治手术;1例为pT2病人,术后4月发现切口肿瘤种植。全组中位生存期17.5个月,各病理分期生存期在pT1者为(28.3±10.3)个月,pT2者为(14.8±11.1)个月,pT3者为(6.0±1.4)个月,与OC组比较无统计学差异。两组pT2病人中,行根治手术者生存期与未行根治手术者相比,无统计学差异。结论:LC术中怀疑为胆囊癌者,应行冰冻切片检查,并采取预防切口肿瘤种植的相应措施。发现意外胆囊癌后的根治手术效果有待进一步观察。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and incidental carcinoma of the extrahepatic bilary tree.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gallbladder carcinoma is found in 0.2% to 5% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and gallstones are found in 70% to 98% of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Early diagnosis of carcinoma is difficult because of the absence of specific symptoms and the frequent association with chronic cholecystitis and gallstones. At present, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis and other benign gallbladder diseases. The aims of this study were to evaluate retrospectively the incidence of occasional and occult gallbladder carcinomas to ascertain the effect of laparoscopy on diagnosis and treatment of unexpected extrahepatic biliary tree carcinomas and to assess possible guidelines that can be taken into consideration when the problem is encountered. METHODS: Clinical records of 3900 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed. Patients with occasional (intraoperative = Group A) or occult (postoperative = Group B) diagnosis of gallbladder or common bile duct carcinoma entered the study group. Follow-up data were obtained in June 2000. RESULTS: A total of 14 patients (0.35%), 3 men and 11 women, mean age 60.8 years (range 37 to 73) with extrahepatic biliary tree carcinoma were found. Occasional carcinomas occurred in 8 patients, occult carcinomas in 6. No deaths occurred in either group. The overall survival at mean follow-up of 30.5 months is 50%. Five patients are disease free, and 2 are alive with evidence of recurrence. DISCUSSION: In 2 large series of unselected consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomy, only 14 unsuspected malignant tumors of the extrahepatic biliary tree were found (0.35%). The limits of the preoperative workup and the difficult diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, has led to the present retrospective study and several significant recommendations.     

Experience with laparoscopic double gallbladder removal

Double gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly and an encounter with it while performing cholecystectomy laparoscopically is a challenge to the laparoscopic surgeon. A 28-year-old man complaining of epigastric pain was evaluated at Teikyo University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Japan. There were no abnormal laboratory findings. Ultrasonography revealed an acoustic shadow in each compartment without any inflammatory changes in the gallbladder. No lesions were endoscopically noted in the stomach. CT scan could not demonstrate the anomaly. ERCP revealed a duplication of the gallbladder shadow with a stone in each vesicle and also the confluence of two cystic ducts from both the gallbladders draining into the common bile duct (CBD). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed successfully in this case. This paper presents this particular case because of double gallbladder's rarity in the literature and to emphasize the importance of preoperative cholangiographic evaluation for double gallbladder. The laparoscopic surgeon is given an idea of the meticulous dissection at the hepatocystic triangle due to the various other vascular and other congenital anomalies associated with it. An account of the classification of this congenital abnormality and its various types is also discussed here.