Can glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) analogues make neuroprotection a reality?

Currently,ischemic stroke remains one of the most costly and devastating clinical syndromes,accounting for 9%of all deaths and being the second leading cause of death in the world(Davidson et al.,2018).Approximately 20%of strokes are caused by intracerebral hemorrhage,while the other^80%are classified as ischemic.With the discovery of thrombolysis,reperfusion therapy became an option for the treatment of ischemic stroke.More recently,endovascular recanalization with mechanical thrombectomy has brought about a paradigm shift in the optimal management of patients with large vessel occlusion.Importantly,early reperfusion is the only therapy that is proven to limit infarct size in patients with acute ischemic stroke.However,despite a successful recanalization being achieved in more than 70% of patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy+/–intravenous tissue recombinant plasminogen activator,functional independence(modified Rankin score 0–2 at 3 months after ischemic stroke)is obtained only in^45% of cases.This reveals the further need to develop new adjunctive neuroprotective treatment strategies alongside reperfusion therapy.     

The standardization therapeutics of ischemic stroke the clinical analysis of 312 patients with stoke

Objective: To study the outcome after the standardization therapeutics of ischemic stroke and the relatively factors which can influence the outcome of patients with stroke. Methods: Using data collected from 312 patients enrolled in the clinical standardization therapeutics trial, and neurological impairment at the hospitalization and the discharge was quantified using the China Stroke Scale (CSS), the outcome at the discharge using the percentage of CSS decreasing. The outcome was rated as cure if the percentage of CSS decreasing was over 89% and dead. Analyses were adjusted for age, history of previous disorders, and the form of onset, blood pressure at onset, complication. Results: The percentage of cure after the thrombolysis was 12.5%, after anticoagulant was 8.23%, after decreasing fibrinogen was 8.57% and after the convention treatment was only 5.66%. And at the same time, the percentage of dead after the thrombolysis was 12.5%, after anticoagulant was 8.23%, after decreasing fibrinogen was 8.57% and after the convention treatment was 10.1%. The other factors had no differently between the variability treatments. The complication could influence the outcome of stroke patients, especially the infect of respiratory, disturbance of kidney and electrolyte. Conclusions: The standardization therapeutics should be contributing the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke.     

超选择动脉溶栓治疗80岁以上脑梗死的安全性及疗效评估-两中心研究

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy on elderly patients (≥ 80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke, received intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy, were retrospectively analyzed; according to age differences, these patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old, n=21) and common age group (<80 years old, n=65); and control group (≥80 years old, not receiving thrombolytic therapy, n=50) was established. The recanalization rate and early clinical improvement rate, and the incidence, recover rate and death rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were evaluated in these patients after treatment. Results No significant differences in the favorite recanalization rate and short-term outcome, and the incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage were noted between the advanced age group and common age group (P=0.528, P=0.102,P=0.353). The incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P=0.034); the recover rate of symptom ntracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group (42.9%) was obviously lower than that in the common age group (50.8%), but significantly higher than that in the control group (16%, P=0.042, P=0.017). The mortality of the advanced age group was similar to that of the control group (23.8% versus 28%, P=0.816), but higher than that of common age group (23.8% versus 10.8%, P=0.034). Conclusion Relatively high feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy are noted in elderly patients (≥80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in very elderly patients should not be avoided but pursued advisably.     

Speech and language therapy for aphasia following subacute stroke

The aim of this study was to investigate the time window, duration and intensity of optimal speech and language therapy applied to aphasic patients with subacute stroke in our hospital. The study consisted of 33 patients being hospitalized for stroke rehabilitation in our hospital with first stroke but without previous history of speech and language therapy. Sixteen sessions of impairment-based speech and language therapy were applied to the patients, 30–60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks. Aphasia assessment in stroke patients was performed with Gülhane Aphasia Test-2 before and after treatment. Compared with before treatment, fluency of speech, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, oral motor evaluation, automatic speech, repetition and naming were improved after treatment. This suggests that 16 seesions of speech and language therapy, 30–60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks, are effective in the treatment of aphasic patients with subacute stroke.     

超选择动脉溶栓治疗80岁以上脑梗死的安全性及疗效评估-两中心研究

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy on elderly patients (≥ 80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke, received intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy, were retrospectively analyzed; according to age differences, these patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old, n=21) and common age group (<80 years old, n=65); and control group (≥80 years old, not receiving thrombolytic therapy, n=50) was established. The recanalization rate and early clinical improvement rate, and the incidence, recover rate and death rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were evaluated in these patients after treatment. Results No significant differences in the favorite recanalization rate and short-term outcome, and the incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage were noted between the advanced age group and common age group (P=0.528, P=0.102,P=0.353). The incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P=0.034); the recover rate of symptom ntracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group (42.9%) was obviously lower than that in the common age group (50.8%), but significantly higher than that in the control group (16%, P=0.042, P=0.017). The mortality of the advanced age group was similar to that of the control group (23.8% versus 28%, P=0.816), but higher than that of common age group (23.8% versus 10.8%, P=0.034). Conclusion Relatively high feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy are noted in elderly patients (≥80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in very elderly patients should not be avoided but pursued advisably.     

A Research on Factors Influencing the Clinical Prognosis of Acute Stroke Patie.patients

Object: To search for the factors significantly influencing the clinical prognosis of acute stroke patients. Background: There are lack of prospective multivariate analysis research m acute stroke in the world. Method: We chose 17 factors possibly influencing the prognosis of acute patients, took Barthel′s Index at the end of 2 months after stroke onset and decreased percentage of neurological deficit scores (MESSS) between 72h after hospitalization and 2 months after onset as gold standard, to have a prospective, multivariate analysis research combined with univariate analysis. Results: Multivariate analysis of 106 acute stroke patients combined with univariate analysis showed the factors significantly influencing the clinical prognosis of acute stroke patients were: initial MESSS score、 age、 complication、 mass effect、 stroke location、 time of delay before emergency arrival (BDT). Time of delay after emergency arrival was not found to be a significant prognostic factor. Discussion: Barthel Index at the end of 1 month after stroke onset was strongly related to that at the end of 2 month after onset, as was the same with MESSS score. It showed there was no significant difference between 1 month and 2 months after stroke onset when we choose time interval in evaluating prognosis of acute stroke patients.Conclusion: BDT、 initial MESSS score、 age、 stroke location、 mass effect、 complication were important factors of acute stroke patients. Avoid the delay before emergency arrival after onset, prevent and treat complications after stroke, more carefully treat acute stroke patients with advanced age, advanced age, high initial MESSS scores and those with mass effect reported by CT, we can improve the outcome of stroke patients.     

Anticoagulation effect of low-dose and low-intensity heparin applied within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that immediate anticoagulation after thrombolysis can improve the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction. However, the optimal timing and means of anticoagulation therapy remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects and safety of heparin treatment within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN: Observation experiment. SETTING: Department of Neurology, the 306 Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen acute cerebral infarction patients complicated by moderate and severe neurologic function deficits within 6 hours after attack admitted to Department of Neurology, the 306 Hospital of Chinese PLA between January 2005 and December 2006 were recruited in this study. The involved patients, 11 male and 4 female, were aged 46–79 years. They all met the diagnosis criteria for various cerebrovascular diseases formulated by the 4th National Conference for Cerebrovascular Disease (1995) and confirmed as cerebral infarction by skull CT or MRI imageology. Informed consents were obtained from the patients or their relatives. METHODS: On admission, patients received thrombolysis with urokinase. Immediately after thrombolysis, skull CT was rechecked. Intracranial hemorrhage signs were not found by skull CT. Hemorrhage was also not found in skin, mucous membrane and internal organs. Six hours later, low-dose low-intensity heparin 4–8 IU/kg per hour was intravenously administrated for anticoagulation for 7–10 days successively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurologic function was evaluated before, immediately 6 hours and 14 days after thrombolysis by scoring standard of clinical neurologic function deficit degree for stroke patients (1995). Activities of daily living of patients with stroke were evaluated 90 days after thrombolysis by modified Rankin Scale. RESULTS: Fifteen involved patients participated in the final analysis. ① Comparison of clinical neurologic function deficit degree of patients at different time: Neurologic function deficit score at the end of thrombolysis was significantly lower than that before thrombolysis (t =3.45, P < 0.01). Neurologic function deficit score 6 hours after thrombolysis was higher than that at the end of thrombolysis, and neurologic deficits were increased, but no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). Neurologic function deficit score 14 days after thrombolysis was significantly lower than that before thrombolysis (t =4.769, P < 0.01). ② Therapeutic effect and modified Rankin scale results: 14 days after thrombolysis, 4 patients were basically cured, 7 significantly improved, 2 improved and 2 worsened. The total improvement rate of neurologic function deficit was 86.7%. Ninety days after thrombolysis, according to modified Rankin Scale, score was 0 to 2 in 12 patients (80%), 3 to 4 in 2 patients (13.3%) and 6 in 1 patient (6.7%). Complications of intracranial hemorrhage were not found in patients within 14 days after thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: Low-dose and low-intensity heparin applied within 24 hours after intravenous thrombolysis has good safety and efficacy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.     

超选择动脉溶栓治疗80岁以上脑梗死的安全性及疗效评估-两中心研究

目的 探讨80岁以上高龄脑梗死患者超选择动脉溶栓治疗的安全性、可行性及治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析86例超选择动脉溶栓治疗的脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据年龄不同分为高龄组(≥180岁,21例)和普通年龄组(<80岁,65例),并设对照组(同时期≥80岁未行动脉溶栓治疗患者,50例).评估患者动脉溶栓术后血管良好再通率、早期临床改善率,以及各组症状性脑出血发生率、较好转归率及死亡率.结果 接受动脉溶栓治疗的两组患者血管良好再通率、早期临床改善率及症状性脑出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.528,P=0.102,P=0.353).高龄组症状性脑出血发生率明显高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.034).高龄组较好转归率为42.9%,低于普通年龄组(50.8%),但高于对照组(16%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.042,P=0.017).高龄组死亡率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(23.8%vs 28%,P=0.816),但高于普通年龄组,差异有统计学意义(23.8%vs 10.8%,P=0.034).结论 80岁以上高龄脑梗死患者超选择动脉溶栓治疗具有较高的安全性、可行性和临床疗效,高龄不是脑梗死动脉溶栓治疗的禁忌因素.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy on elderly patients (≥ 80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke, received intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy, were retrospectively analyzed; according to age differences, these patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old, n=21) and common age group (<80 years old, n=65); and control group (≥80 years old, not receiving thrombolytic therapy, n=50) was established. The recanalization rate and early clinical improvement rate, and the incidence, recover rate and death rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were evaluated in these patients after treatment. Results No significant differences in the favorite recanalization rate and short-term outcome, and the incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage were noted between the advanced age group and common age group (P=0.528, P=0.102,P=0.353). The incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P=0.034); the recover rate of symptom ntracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group (42.9%) was obviously lower than that in the common age group (50.8%), but significantly higher than that in the control group (16%, P=0.042, P=0.017). The mortality of the advanced age group was similar to that of the control group (23.8% versus 28%, P=0.816), but higher than that of common age group (23.8% versus 10.8%, P=0.034). Conclusion Relatively high feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy are noted in elderly patients (≥80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in very elderly patients should not be avoided but pursued advisably.     

Therapeutic window of Qingkailing injection for focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

The time window in which a drug is effective varies between drugs. The present study investigated the therapeutic window of Qingkailing injection for focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Animals underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion and were injected with Qingkailing (1.5, 3, 6 mL/kg). Infarct volume and neurological function were assessed after 24 hours of ischemia. In addition, to establish the therapeutic time window, mice were injected with 3 mL/kg Qingkailing at 0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 hours after occlusion. Results revealed that Qingkailing injection significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function in model mice after cerebral infarction for up to 9 hours, demonstrating that the therapeutic window of Qingkailing injection can extend to 9 hours for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice.     

Acute development of collateral circulation and therapeutic prospects in ischemic stroke

In acute ischemic stroke, collateral circulation plays an important role in maintaining blood lfow to the tissue that is at risk of progressing into ischemia, and in increasing the successful recanalization rate with-out hemorrhagic transformation. We have reported that well-developed collateral circulation is associated with smaller infarct volume and better long-term neurological outcome, and it disappears promptly once the effective recanalization is achieved. Contrary to the belief that collateral vessels develop over time in chronic stenotic condition, there exists a phenomenon that collateral circulation develops immediately in acute stenosis or occlusion of the arteries and it seems to be triggered by lfuid shear stress, which occurs be-tween the territories of stenotic/occluded arteries and those fed by surrounding intact arteries. We believe that this acute development of collateral circulation is a target of novel therapeutics in ischemic stroke and refer our recent attempt in enhancing collateral circulation by modulating sphingosine-1-phosphate recep-tor 1, which is a known shear-stress mechanosensing protein.     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.     

经颅多普勒超声脑缺血溶栓分级与阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环不同大动脉闭塞性脑梗死预后相关性研究

目的探讨分析经颅多普勒超声脑缺血溶栓分级与静脉溶栓治疗急性前循环不同大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者血管再通评价与预后的相关性研究。方法选择急性前循环大动脉闭塞性脑梗死患者,对符合静脉溶栓者给予阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗,分别于溶栓前及溶栓后24 h行床旁经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler,TCD)检查并记录脑缺血溶栓分级(thrombolysis in brain ischemia,TIBI)。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分记录患者临床神经功能缺损,3个月随访时采用改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分评估患者预后,分析前循环不同大血管闭塞性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓前后血管再通情况及患者3个月预后。结果共入选46例患者,其中颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)闭塞患者19例,大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)闭塞患者27例。溶栓前与溶栓后24 h TCD监测TIBI分级提示血管再通者,ICA闭塞组5.26%,MCA闭塞组55.56%。ICA闭塞组与MCA闭塞组比较,MCA闭塞组90 d随访生活自理及良好预后的比例均高于ICA闭塞组,死亡率低于ICA闭塞组,而两组间溶栓后的症状性颅内出血发生率差异无显著性。结论急性前循环大动脉闭塞性脑梗死经静脉溶栓治疗后可获得血管再通,尤其是MCA闭塞患者;溶栓前后TIBI血流分级变化可反映大动脉血管再通情况,且有助于判断患者临床预后。     

急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗四例

目的评价急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。方法应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗4例急性脑梗死患者,分析溶栓时间窗、尿激酶剂量、责任供血动脉再通情况与转归的关系等。结果例2大脑中动脉溶栓后症状完全缓解;例4颈内动脉溶栓后颈内动脉完全再通,但有皮层支梗死;例1、3大脑中动脉溶栓后部分再通。本文4例患者溶栓后2周神经功能缺损评分明显降低。结论急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗能明显提高责任供血动脉再通率,改善患者预后。动脉溶栓对大、中动脉急性闭塞性脑梗死患者疗效显著,对穿支动脉急性闭塞脑梗死患者疗效欠佳,有待进一步随机、双盲、大样本证实。     

经颅多普勒超声辅助动脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床研究

目的 观察应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)辅助动脉接触性溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效.方法 对北京军区总医院附属八一脑科医院自2010年8月至2011年4月收治的22例急性缺血性卒中患者(大脑中动脉闭塞13例,基底动脉闭塞9例)行动脉内超选择插管至闭塞动脉,注入重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)20 mg进行接触性溶栓治疗,同时应用TCD对闭塞动脉进行低频(2 MHz)、低强度(0.25 W/cm2)超声辅助溶栓治疗.术后即刻及24h时复查头颅CT,观察动脉再通率、颅内出血率,并对术前术后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及Barthel指数评分进行比较.结果 22例患者溶栓治疗后动脉再通率为77.27％(17/22),其中完全开通率为22.73％(5/22),部分开通率为54.55％(12/22);出现无症状性颅内出血3例(13.63％),均未发生症状性颅内出血;术后NIHSS评分及Barthel指数评分较术前明显提高,显示神经功能恢复良好.结论 对急性缺血性卒中患者在有效时间窗内应用低频TCD辅助小剂量rt-PA动脉接触性溶栓治疗,可显著提高闭塞动脉的再通率,明显减少颅内出血的发生,改善患者的预后,具有良好的临床疗效及安全性.     

静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中

目的 评估静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性.方法 采用前瞻性、开放性临床病例研究,对北京世纪坛医院神经内科自2005年5月至2009年2月收治的发病3h内的40例颈内动脉系统急性缺血性卒中患者使用重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)行静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗,并就患者预后良好比例、症状性颅内出血发生率、病死率等与国外多个大样本试验研究结果进行比较.结果 静脉溶栓治疗后行DSA显示25％(10/40)未见血管闭塞,7.5％(3/40)有严重血管狭窄(颈内动脉2例,大脑中动脉1例),67.5％(27/40)发现血管闭塞(颈内动脉9例,大脑中动脉18例).其中24例于发病后180～390 min[平均(304±61)min]开始联合动脉溶栓治疗,血管再通率(TICI分级2或3级)为79.2％(19/24).再梗死发生率为7.5％(3/40).3个月时预后良好(mRS评分0～2分)比例为60％(24/40),与NINDS试验安慰剂组[27.2％(85/312)]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);预后良好(NIHSS评分≤1)比例为52.5％(21/40),与NINDS试验rt-PA组[31％(97/312)]、安慰剂组[20％(62/312)]和IMS[27.5％(22/80)]比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);症状性颅内出血发生率为2.5％(1/40),病死率为10％(4/40),与NINDS试验rt-PA组、安慰剂组、EMS和IMS比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉和动脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中,可提供更高的血管再通率,可明显改善患者的预后,是一种安全、有效的新方法.     

尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死7例报道

目的 分析尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的安全性和临床疗效。方法 对7例发病在6ｈ内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者用尿激酶行动脉内溶栓治疗,比较溶栓前后的NIHSS评分。结果 7例患者经溶栓治疗后血管完全再通;7例患者在14ｄ内神经功能缺损均明显改善;未发生症状性颅内出血及颅外出血并发症。结论 我们小样本的研究发现,尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死有一定疗效,但尚需进行大样本随机对照研究证实。     

多模式CT指导下的扩大时间窗溶栓治疗病例分析

目的 探讨在多模式计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）指导下,急性缺血性卒中4.5～9 h重组 组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rtPA）静脉溶栓的有效性及安全性。 方法 选取在2008至2009年南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院神经内科临床诊断为急性缺血性卒中且 发病时间在4.5～9 h的6例患者为研究对象,经多模式CT筛选后,进行rtPA（0.9 mg/kg）静脉溶栓治 疗。溶栓前以及溶栓后2 h、24 h和7 d进行美国国立卫生研究院神经功能缺损评分（National Institutes of Heath Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评估神经功能缺损和恢复情况,溶栓后7 d和90 d时行巴氏指数量表 （Barthel Index,BI））评估日常生活能力和改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评估神经功 能,在溶栓后24 h复查多模式CT评估血管再通情况。血管狭窄程度采用缺血性卒中血管栓塞程度量表 （Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale,TICI）分级方法。 结果 在入选的6例患者中,1例患者发生脑出血和病情恶化。6例患者TICI分级评分在溶栓24 h后 较溶栓前显著升高（2.0+0.71 vs 1.0+0.71,P =0.03）。除去1例出血患者,溶栓治疗前后的NIHSS 评分分别为12.2±3.27（溶栓前）和9.4±3.78（溶栓后7 d）,差异具有显著性（P =0.04）。在日常生 活能力方面,与溶栓后7 d相比,BI评分在溶栓后90 d后稍有提高,但差异无显著性（62.5±27.23 vs 47.5±27.84,P =0.13）。患者90 d mRS评分较7 d mRS评分有所好转,但差异无显著性（4±0.82 vs 3±0.82,P =0.09）。 结论 多模式CT指导下扩大静脉溶栓治疗时间窗对促进卒中患者血管再通、神经功能恢复和日常生 活能力提高有促进作用。     

Intravenous thrombolysis in proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion

Subgroup analyses of data from an open-label study of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) administered to stroke patients were performed. Clinical outcome and incidence of intracranial hemorrhage were evaluated in 20 patients diagnosed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound as having proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Additionally early infarct signs and size of final infarction were assessed. A favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) was seen in 30% of all patients. The incidence of symptomatic intracranial hematoma (10%) in patients with proximal MCA occlusion was higher than the overall hemorrhage rate of intravenous rt-PA treatment, but comparable to the data on intra-arterial thrombolysis in this stroke subgroup. All patients except 1 developed ischemic infarction in the MCA territory. Intravenous rt-PA treatment within 3 h may also be effective in patients with proximal MCA occlusion. The risk of intracerebral hematoma does not seem to be greater than in intra-arterial thrombolysis.     

Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis in acute hemispheric stroke: effect of occlusion type and fibrinolytic agent on recanalization success and neurological outcome

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of occlusion type and fibrinolytic agent on recanalization success and clinical outcome in patients undergoing local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF) in acute hemispheric stroke. METHODS: LIF was performed in 137 patients with angiographically established occlusion in the carotid circulation within 6 h of stroke onset. Retrospective analysis included recanalization success, recanalization time, type of occlusion and fibrinolytic treatment mode. Five types of occlusion were categorized: intracranial bifurcation (carotid 'T') of the internal carotid artery (ICA; n = 35); proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA; n = 66); distal segment of the MCA (n = 20); extracranial ICA with MCA embolism (n = 8); multiple peripheral branches of the anterior cerebral artery and the MCA (n = 8). Neurologic outcome was evaluated after 3 months by Barthel Index (BI) as good (BI >90), moderate (BI 50-90), poor (BI <50) or death. RESULTS: Recanalization was achieved in 74 patients (54%). Mean recanalization time in recanalized patients was 91 min. Neurologic outcome was good in 48 patients (35%), moderate in 34 (25%), poor in 30 (22%) and 25 died (18%). Outcome was significantly better in recanalized than in nonrecanalized patients (p < 0.001). Treatment results were significantly better in proximal and distal MCA occlusion than in carotid 'T' occlusions (p < 0.001). Recanalization success hardly differed between urokinase and rt-PA. Combined treatment with rt-PA and lys-plasminogen tended toward a faster recanalization. Parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 13 patients (9%). CONCLUSION: The type of occlusion is of high prognostic value for successful fibrinolysis in the anterior circulation. However, recanalization is a time-consuming process even with an intra-arterial approach. Recanalization did not differ between type or dosage of plasminogen activators. Further innovative attempts are warranted towards hastening recanalization time in endovascular acute stroke treatment.