神经保护药物干预短暂性脑缺血的临床分析

Transient ischemic attack(TIA) is an acute cerebrovascular incident,and is generally considered the best opportunity for early neuroprotective treatment against cerebral ischemia.This study retrospectively analyzed 80 patients with TIA(38 males and 42 females).Among 61 patients who received neuroprotective cerebrolysin treatment within 24 hours after TIA onset,13(21.31%) patients suffered subsequent strokes.Among 19 patients who received neuroprotective cerebrolysin treatment within 24-72 hours after TIA onset,seven(36.84%) developed cerebral infarction.There was a significant difference in the proportion of subsequent strokes between patients receiving cerebrolysin treatment within 24 hours and 24-72 hours after TIA onset(P = 0.438).These findings suggest that neuroprotective drugs administrated within 24 hours after TIA onset help reduce the incidence of subsequent strokes.The results demonstrate usefulness of the ABCD2 score at TIA patients in the determination of short-term and long-term cerebrovascular risk,including the frequency of subsequent ischemic cerebral infarctions up to 12 months.     

Evaluation of corticospinal tract injury with three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract (DTT) is the newest imaging to describe the structure of white matter fiber in three-dimensions, it has great significance in dividing the concrete anatomic site of gray and white matter lesions, displaying the correlation with fibrous band and judging clinical prognosis, which is incomparable by other imagings.OBJECTTVE: To observe the conditions of corticospinal tract (CST) in acute cerebral ischemic stroke patients,and analyze the relationship between motor function and the severity of CST injury.DESIGN: A case-control observation.SETTTNG: Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTTCTPANTS: Fifteen patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2005. They all suffered from acute attack and motor disorder of hemiplegic limbs to different extent, and were conformed by CT or MRI.There were 9 males and 6 females, aging 16-87 years old, the median age was 51.7 years, and all were right handed. Fifteen right-handed normal subjects, who were matched by age and sex with the patients in the cerebral infarction group, were selected from the relatives of patients and physicians of the Imaging Department as the control group. All the subjects were informed and agreed with the study.METHODS: The patients with acute cerebral infarction and subjects in the control group received MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with GE 1.5 T nuclear magnetic resonance system, fiber tracking with the software of dTV- Ⅱ. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and three-dimensional tractography of bilateral CST of all patients were created. Displacement, continuity and destroy of fibrous bands were observed. At the same time, muscle strength of ipsilateral hand of patients with cerebral infarction was measured with Brunnstrom standard. The correlation between the severity of CST injury and the muscle strength of ipsilateral hand was analyzed with spearman correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① FA values in the infarcted sites and those in the contralateral corresponding sites of patients with cerebral infarction; ② CST manifestations in the patients with cerebral infarction and the control group.RESULTS: All the 30 testees were involved in the analysis of results. ① The FA values in infarcted sites of white matter were significantly lower than those in the contralateral ones (t =4.570, P ＜ 0.001 ). ② In the control group, bilateral CST were reconstructed, they originated from precentral gyrus, went downwards to internal capsule, and extended to pontine and medulla oblongata, each fiber had good uniformity in continuous form. In the patients with cerebral infarction, the forms of contralateral CST were consistent with those in the control group with good continuity. Due to the involvement by the infarcted site to different extents, the ipsilateral CST manifested as continuous interruption and loss of uniformity in anatomic structure and form. The CST involvements were divided into three grades: integrated CST for grade I (n =2); integrated CST but compressed or displaced for grade 2 (n =5); interrupted CST for grade 3 (n =8). ③ The severity of CST injury was obviously correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand (r=0.888, P＜ 0.05＝.CONCLUSION: ① CST is injured to different extents in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and the severity of injury is associated with muscle strength. It is indicated that it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment. ②DTT can directly display the status of pyramidal tract more three-dimensionally.     

Use of various CT imaging methods for diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Thirty-four patients with cerebral infarction and 18 patients with transient ischemic attack were examined by multi-slice spiral CT scan, CT perfusion imaging, and CT angiography within 6 hours after onset. By CT perfusion imaging, 29 cases in the cerebral infarction group and 10 cases in the transient ischemic attack group presented with abnormal blood flow perfusion, which corresponded to the clinical symptoms. By CT angiography, various degrees of vascular stenosis could be detected in 41 patients, including 33 in the cerebral infarction group and eight in the transient ischemic attack group. The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that of extracranial artery stenosis. The intracranial artery stenosis was located predominantly in the middle cerebral artery and carotid artery siphon, while the extracranial artery stenosis occurred mainly in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the opening of the vertebral artery. There were 34 cases (83%) with convict vascular stenosis and perfusion abnormalities, and five cases (45%) with perfusion abnormalities but without convict vascular stenosis. The incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ≥ 5 points during onset was significantly higher than that in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores < 5 points. These experimental findings indicate that the combined application of various CT imaging methods allows early diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which can comprehensively analyze the pathogenesis and severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease at the morphological and functional levels.     

Whether chronic bronchitis is an independent risk factor for cerebral infarction in the elderly

BACKGROUND: The inflammatory reaction already becomes an important risk factor of causing acute cerebral infarction; however, the correlation between chronic bronchitis and senile cerebral infarction is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study whether the chronic bronchitis is the risk factor for senile cerebral infarction. DESIGN: 1∶1 pair, case contrast, and risk factor study. SETTINGS: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Hospital of Tangshan; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China Coal Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were regarded as case group were selected from Department of Neurology, the Third Hospital of Tangshan from January 2004 to December 2006. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of the Fourth National Cerebrovascular Diseases Meeting. There were 87 males and 60 females, and their ages ranged from 65 to 83 years. Based on 1∶1 pair study, another 147 subjects without cerebrovascular disease were regarded as control group. Except the diseases about infection, there were 73 males and 74 females, and their ages ranged from 62 to 81 years. All subjects provided the confirm consent and agreed with the coordinate experiment. METHODS: ① Questionnaire of risk factor of cerebral infarction was designed to measure the following items: chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, coronary heart disease, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of smoking. ② Cerebral infarction was regarded as the dependent variance, while chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, primary cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack, coronary heart disease and smoking were regarded as the independent variance for multiple regression analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk factors of senile cerebral infarction. RESULTS: All 147 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 147 subjects without cerebrovascular diseases were involved in the final analysis. ① Risk factor analysis of senile cerebral infarction: There were no significant differences in age, hyperlipemia and history of smoking between the two groups (P > 0.05). But, chronic bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack and history of coronary heart disease were higher in the case group than those in the control group (33.6% vs. 19.0%, 38.8% vs. 23.3%, 54.3% vs. 36.2%, 29.3% vs. 17.2%, 44.0% vs. 29.3%, P < 0.05–0.01). ② Multiple Logistic regression analysis of risk factor of senile cerebral infarction: Hyperlipemia, smoking and coronary heart disease were not correlated with cerebral infarction (P >0.05), but chronic bronchitis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cerebral infarction/transient ischemic attack were risk factors for senile cerebral infarction (OR =2.47, 2.28, 2.18, 2.01, P < 0.05–0.01). CONCLUSION: The chronic bronchitis may become an independent risk factor senile cerebral infarction.     

Evaluation of corticospinal tract injury with three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract in patients with acute cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional diffusion tensor tract (DTT) is the newest imaging to describe the structure of white matter fiber in three-dimensions, it has great significance in dividing the concrete anatomic site of gray and white matter lesions, displaying the correlation with fibrous band and judging clinical prognosis, which is incomparable by other imagings. OBJECTIVE: To observe the conditions of corticospinal tract (CST) in acute cerebral ischemic stroke patients, and analyze the relationship between motor function and the severity of CST injury. DESIGN: A case-control observation. SETTING: Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to December in 2005. They all suffered from acute attack and motor disorder of hemiplegic limbs to different extent, and were conformed by CT or MRI. There were 9 males and 6 females, aging 16-87 years old, the median age was 51.7 years, and all were right handed. Fifteen right-handed normal subjects, who were matched by age and sex with the patients in the cerebral infarction group, were selected from the relatives of patients and physicians of the Imaging Department as the control group. All the subjects were informed and agreed with the study. METHODS: The patients with acute cerebral infarction and subjects in the control group received MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with GE 1.5 T nuclear magnetic resonance system, fiber tracking with the software of dTV-Ⅱ. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and three-dimensional tractography of bilateral CST of all patients were created. Displacement, continuity and destroy of fibrous bands were observed. At the same time, muscle strength of ipsilateral hand of patients with cerebral infarction was measured with Brunnstrom standard. The correlation between the severity of CST injury and the muscle strength of ipsilateral hand was analyzed with spearman correlation analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① FA values in the infarcted sites and those in the contralateral corresponding sites of patients with cerebral infarction; ② CST manifestations in the patients with cerebral infarction and the control group. RESULTS: All the 30 testees were involved in the analysis of results. ① The FA values in infarcted sites of white matter were significantly lower than those in the contralateral ones (t =4.570,P < 0.001). ② In the control group, bilateral CST were reconstructed, they originated from precentral gyrus, went downwards to internal capsule, and extended to pontine and medulla oblongata, each fiber had good uniformity in continuous form. In the patients with cerebral infarction, the forms of contralateral CST were consistent with those in the control group with good continuity. Due to the involvement by the infarcted site to different extents, the ipsilateral CST manifested as continuous interruption and loss of uniformity in anatomic structure and form. The CST involvements were divided into three grades: integrated CST for grade 1 (n =2); integrated CST but compressed or displaced for grade 2 (n =5); interrupted CST for grade 3 (n =8). ③ The severity of CST injury was obviously correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand (r =0.888, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ① CST is injured to different extents in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and the severity of injury is associated with muscle strength. It is indicated that it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment. ②DTT can directly display the status of pyramidal tract more three-dimensionally.     

Doppler examination and cerebral arterial stricture in patients with ischemic stroke

With the development of interventional therapy, it is necessary for evaluating cerebral vessels to instruct treatment and determine prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke; however, correlation of distribution of infarction focus and clinical symptoms with degrees of cerebrovasoular stricture is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of cerebral arterial stricture of patients with ischemic stroke with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and color duplex flow imaging (CDFI) and compare the correlation between distribution of cerebral infarction focus and clinical types with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).DESIGN: Contrast observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 159 patients with ischemic stroke were selected from the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University from January to December 2005, including 106 males and 53 females aged from 27 to 88 years. Bases on diagnostic criteria of cerebrovascular disease established by Rao et al, clinical manifestations of all patients were evaluated with CT or nuclear magnetic resonance. All patients provided the confirmed consent.METHODS: The accepted patients received TCD and CDFI examination at 1 week after onset of ischemic stroke. Among them, 112 patients received cerebrovascular imaging examination simultaneously. MRI was used to check cerebral infarction focus and cerebrovascular stricture ＞ 50% was regarded as the accepted vessels. In addition, DWI-T2 TCD (Germany) was used to check middle cerebral artery, and degrees of middle cerebral artery were classified into mild, moderate and severe stricture based on blood velocity (140 cm/s,180 cm/s). Stroke was classified based on characteristics of infarction focus and clinical symptoms showed with MRI and correlation with degrees of cerebrovascular stricture was analyzed simultaneously.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between the characteristics of ischemic stroke and clinical symptoms checked with TCD and CDFI.RESULTS: A total of 159 patients with ischemic stroke were involved in the final analysis; in addition, 112 oases received cerebrovascular imaging examination simultaneously. ① MRI results of 159 patients with cerebral artery occlusive disease (CAOD): There were 131 patients (82.3%) with cerebral infarction, 40 (25.2%)with transient ischemic attack and 4 (2.5%) with subclavian steal syndrome (SSS). ② Infarction types with MRI examination: There were 33 patients (20.8%) with solitary cerebral infarction and 98 (61.6%) with multiple-cerebral infarction. ③ Results of TCD, CDFI, MRI angiography, CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA): Among 112 patients, 181 lesion sites (61 .8%) were located in cranium and 112 lesion sites were located out of cranium; especially, lesion site was mostly observed in stem of middle cerebral artery (31.2%) and watershed of basilar artery (7.2%) in cranium and the beginning site of internal carotid artery (21 .4%) out of cranium. ④ Correlation of vascular stricture checking with TCD, MRI and clinical diagnosis: On one hand, MRI and clinical diagnosis demonstrated that 68 patients had a watershed infarction; meanwhile,TCD examination indicated that there were 3 patients with mild vascular stricture, 24 with moderate vascular stricture and 36 with severe vascular stricture. On the other hand, among 68 patients with non-watershed infarction, there were 27 patient with mild vascular stricture, 26 with moderate vascular stricture and 15 with severe vascular stricture. There were significant differences (x2 =26.854, P =0.001 ). Clinical diagnosis indicated that 40 patients had transient ischemic attack and TCD examination demonstrated that there were 8 patient with mild vascular stricture, 12 with moderate vascular stricture and 20 with severe vascular stricture. There were significant differences as compared with 68 patients with watershed infarction (x2 =21.258, P =0.001). ⑤Correlation of vascular stricture checking with CDFI, MRI and clinical diagnosis: On one hand, among patients who were determined as watershed infarction with MRI and clinical diagnosis, CDFI examination indicated that there were 32 patients with mild vascular stricture at neck, 25 with moderate vascular stricture and 6 with severe vascular stricture. On the other hand, among patients with non-watershed infarction, there were 48 patient with mild vascular stricture, 18 with moderate vascular stricture and 2 with severe vascular stricture.There were significant differences (x2 =6.018, P =0.019). Among patients with transient ischemic attack checking with clinical diagnosis, there were 23 patient with mild vascular stricture, 9 with moderate vascular stricture and 8 with severe vascular stricture. There were no significant differences as compared with patients with non-watershed infarction (x2 =0.597, P=0.440).CONCLUSION: ① TCD and CDFI are effective marks to determine cerebral arterial stricture and hemodynamical changes. ② Infarction and transient ischemic attack at watershed are generally clinical phenotypes of CAOD patients and infarction at watershed is correlated with degrees of cerebrovascular stricture.③ TCD, MRI and clinical analysis of stroke types are significant for instructing treatment and evaluate prognosis.     

Factors influencing ischemic cerebrovascular disease complicated by hyperhomocysteinemia★

BACKGROUND： Hyperhomocysteinemia, as an important risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease is receiving increasing attention. OBJECTIVE： To analyze whether differences of gender, age, cerebrovascular disease typing, and disease conditions exist when ischemic cerebrovascular disease occurs together with hyperhomocysteinemia. DESIGN： A controlled observation. SETTING： Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 601 acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease inpatients, comprising 386 males and 215 females, aged 33-90 years old, were admitted to the Department of Stroke, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital between August 2005 and April 2007, and were recruited for this study. All included patients consisted of 342 aged patients （≥ 60 years old） and 92 middle-aged and young patients （〈 60 years old）. Among these patients, 48 suffered from transient cerebral ischemic attack, 138 from lacunar cerebral infarction, 273 from atherosclerotic stroke, 38 from cardiogenic cerebral infarction, 44 from agnogenic ischemic stroke, and 6 from other factor-induced ischemic strokes. All included inpatients corresponded to the diagnosis criteria of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, formulated in the 4^th National Working Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease, and were confirmed as acute ischemic cerebral infarction by CT and/or MRI examinations. Informed consents of laboratory measurements were obtained from all subjects, and this study was approved by the Hospital＇s Ethics Committee. METHODS： Following admission, 2 mL venous blood was collected from each fasting patient on the third morning. Plasma homocysteine level was measured by an enzymatic cycling assay with a CX5 reader （Beckman, USA）. Plasma homocysteine levels ≥ 16μ mol/L were defined as hyperhomocysteinemia. Clinical neurological function deficit scoring was also performed for each ischemic stroke patient using Chinese stroke scales. Scores ranged from 0 45 （0-15： mild neurological function deficits, 16-30?     

中国云南纳西族脑血管病患者载脂蛋白E基因的多态性

Currently it is not well known whether apolipoprotein E(ApoE) is a genetic susceptibility factor for cerebrovascular diseases in the Chinese Naxi population.The present study detected and sequenced ApoE polymorphisms of 90 patients with cerebrovascular diseases(58 cases of cerebral infarction and 32 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage),and 50 normal people of Naxi nationality from Yunnan province,China.The populations were used to analyze the relationship of ApoE polymorphisms with cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage.Results showed an association between ApoE gene polymorphism and the onset of cerebral infarction,and a possibility that the ε4 allele is a susceptibility locus for the risk of cerebral infarction.However,there was no evidence of a relationship between the ApoE gene polymorphism and cerebral hemorrhage.     

Study on the Prevalence and Corelation of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Stroke Patients

Objective To assess the prevalence and severity of carotid atherosclerosis in stroke patients and the risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods Two hundred fifty-one ischemic stroke patients,46 ccrcbral hemorrhagc patients and 96 control subjects were entercd into this study. Sonographic assessment of the extracranial carotid arteries was performed in all patients. Diametcr. IMT, plaques and percentage ratio of lumen stenosis were observcd. Results (1)The prevalence of carotid plaqucs was prominent in stroke patients than the control subjects(63.0%vs 36.5%). (2)The prevalencc of lumen stenosis＞50% in ischemic stroke patients was higher than the cerebral hemorrhage patients and control subjects (15.6% vs 4.3%. 2.1%).(3) The prevalence of severe carotid artery stcnosis(＞75%) was promincnt in aged 61～70 years old patients.(4)Our data revealed 30% of the cortical infarction subgroup, 17.5%of the subcortical infarction subgroup, 17% of the lacunar infarction subgroup,8% of the vcrtibral-basilar artery infarction subgroup.2.8% of thc CT normal subgroup possessed carotid stcnosis ＞50%. (5)Age, diabetes mellitus and ApoAl(inversely) were independent predictors of the extracranial carotid atherosclcrosis. Discusssion (Ⅰ)There is close relation between extracraniai carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.(2)The extent of serious carotid artery stcnosis in aged patients was lower.(3)Thc severity of extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis was prominent in patients with conical infarction. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese stroke patients.     

TIA患者脑动脉微栓子的监测及其与颈动脉斑块的相关性

目的 监测短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者脑动脉微栓子(MES)的出现率,探讨其与颈动脉斑块的相关性.方法 112例TIA患者均进行MES的监测和颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测,分别观察MES阳性与有颈动脉斑块的病例数.结果 (1)MES阳性者31例,阳性率27.68%.有颈动脉斑块者67例,斑块出现率59.82%,其中不稳定斑块28例,占有斑块病例的41.79%.(2)67例有斑块者MES阳性率35.82%,较45例无斑块者15.56%高(P<0.05);28例不稳定斑块者MES阳性率57.14%,较39例稳定斑块者20.51%高(P<0.01).(3)MES与斑块的大小、部位和个数无相关性.结论 颈动脉不稳定斑块的脱落是TIA患者脑动脉MES的主要来源之一,稳定颈动脉斑块的处理是减少TIA复发及其后出现脑梗死的重要举措.

Abstract：

Objective To study the prevalence of cerebral microembolism(MES)in patients with TIA and its relation to carotid plaque.Methods Total 112 patients with TIA were studied.The cerebral artery MES were monitored by TCD.and carotid plaques were detected by color transcranial Doppler.The cases with cerebral artery MES and with carotid plaques were respectively recorded.Results There were 31 patients with MES and the prevalence WaS 27.68%.There were 67 patients with carotid plaques and the presence was 59.82%;among them,28 patients with unstable carotid plaques constituted 41.79%.The prevalence of MES in 67 patients with carotid plaques(35.82%)Was significantly hisher than 45 patients without carotid plaques(15.56%)(P<0.05),while the prevalence of MES in 28 patients with unstable carotid plaques(57.14%)was greatly higher than 39 patients with stable carotid plaques(20.51%)(P<0.01).The prevalence of MES had nothing to do with the size,position and quantity of the carotid plaque.Conclusions The desquamation of unstable carotid plaque is one of the main sources of cerebral artery MES.The stabilization of carotid plaque is an important measure to reduce relapse of TIA and prevent the patient from cerebral infarction after TIA.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与循环内皮祖细胞的相关性分析

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与循环内皮祖细胞(EPCs)的相关性。方法根据CD133和KDR标记,采用流式细胞仪检测缺血性脑血管病患者(包括TIA、急性脑梗死、颈动脉粥样硬化)和健康体检者外周血内皮祖细胞(EPCs)数量变化。结果缺血性脑血管病患者EPCs数量较对照组明显减少(P<0.01);随着颈动脉粥样硬化程度加重,EPCs数量呈降低趋势,颈动脉重度狭窄与轻度和中度狭窄相比有差异(P<0.05);急性脑梗死和TIA患者较单纯颈动脉粥样硬化患者EPCs数量明显增加(P<0.01)。结论缺血性脑血管病患者EPCs与颈动脉粥样硬化程度呈负相关,可反映颈动脉粥样硬化的程度;急性缺血可能会增加EPCs的动员。     

血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性脑梗死的相关性研究

目的探讨血清缺血修饰清蛋白与急性缺血性脑卒中各亚型及患者早期预后的相关性。方法选取我院2013-04-2016-03收治的符合研究标准的104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究组,另选取同期门诊体检健康者54例为对照组。根据英国牛津郡社区脑卒中分型(OCSP)标准将104例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为腔隙性梗死(LACI)组(n=25)、后循环梗死(POCI)组(n=25)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)组(n=28)、完全前循环梗死(TACI)组(n=26)。抽取各组血清进行检测,对比不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平,并与对照组比较,统计不同亚型急性缺血性脑卒中患者治疗前后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及日常生活活动能力评分(Barthel指数)变化情况。结果 LACI组、POCI组、PACI组、TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TACI组血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平明显高于LACI组、POCI组、PACI组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前各组NIHSS评分及Barthel指数对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后各组均较治疗前改善,且TACI组与其余3组对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清缺血修饰清蛋白作为急性缺血性脑卒中分型参考指标,其表达水平与患者预后具有密切相关性,血清缺血修饰清蛋白水平越高,预后效果越差。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与缺血性脑血管病临床表现的相关性分析

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与缺血性脑血管病的关系及其与疾病临床表现严重程度的关系。方法酶联免疫吸附法检测90例脑梗死患者,44例短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者和40例同期门诊体检者(对照组)血浆Hcy水平并记录脑血管病患者的传统危险因素;对脑梗死组患者进行神经系统功能缺损评分(NIHSS)。分析血浆Hcy与缺血性脑血管病的关系及其与缺血性脑血管病的部分类型以及病情严重程度的相关性。结果缺血性脑血管病组、脑梗死组与TIA组患者血浆Hcy水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),脑梗死与TIA患者血浆Hcy水平相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血浆Hcy水平与NIHSS评分无明显相关性(r=0.155,P=0.323);采用多因素Logistic回归分析,血浆Hcy进入模型。结论血浆Hcy水平升高可能是与传统危险因素无关的缺血性脑血管病的独立危险因素,但Hcy水平与其类型及临床表现严重程度无关。     

缺血性脑血管病患者脑微出血相关因素及其对抗血小板单药治疗的影响分析

目的 研究缺血性脑血管病患者脑微出血（CMB）危险因素及其对抗血小板单药治疗的影响。方法 选取2018年1月至2018年6月该院神经内科接受抗血小板单药治疗的急性缺血性脑血管病患者300例为样本,入院后采集基本资料并完善相关检查,根据梯度回波T2^*加权成像（GRE-T2^*WI）检查结果将患者分为CMB组（176例）和非CMB组（124例）,均给予抗血小板聚集治疗,比较两组临床资料及治疗1年内再发梗死、脑出血和病死率,分析影响CMB发病的危险因素以及CMB对抗血小板单药治疗的影响。结果 高龄、高血压、肥胖、脑卒中病史、ACI和脑白质疏松为CMB发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。CMB组和非CMB组抗血小板单药治疗期间脑出血率分别为14.20%和6.45%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。轻度组、中度组和重度组脑出血率分别为9.18%、10.64%和35.48%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同部位CMB患者抗血小板单药治疗期间再发脑梗死、脑出血及病死率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 高龄、高血压、肥胖、脑卒中病史、ACI及脑白质疏松为缺血性脑血管疾病合并CMB的危险因素。CMB可导致抗血小板单药治疗期间脑出血风险增加,重度CMB者更甚。     

脑梗死后出血转化与脑微出血及其它危险因素的相关性研究

目的 研究急性脑梗死后出血转化(HT)与脑微出血(CMB)及其它危险因素的相关性,并探讨其预防方法。 方法 选择自2009年6月至2010年12月在广州中医药大学中山附属医院及南方医科大学附属南方医院神经内科连续住院、资料完整的急性脑梗死患者348例,登记患者的基线资料,行MRIGRE-T2*WI扫描,检查CMB的患病率和HT的发生率。以HT为因变量,其它因素为自变量,进行Logistic回归分析以探索HT的影响因素。 结果 急性脑梗死348例患者中发生HT 35例(10.06％),其中大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死213例患者中发生HT 19例(8.92％),心源性脑栓塞28例患者中发生HT11例(39.29％),不明病因脑梗死19例患者中发生HT5例(26.32％),腔隙性脑梗死88例患者中无HT发生。Logistic回归分析显示,HT的危险因素为心源性脑栓塞(OR=5.338,95％CI:1.926～14.796,P=.001)、不明病因脑梗死(OR=6.843,95％CI:1.848～25.346,P=0.004)及NIHSS评分(OR=1.181,95％CI：1.085～1.284,P=0.000),低密度脂蛋白为保护性因素(OR=0.637,95％CI:0.414～0.979,P=0.040)。 结论 急性脑梗死后HT在不同亚型脑梗死中发病率不同,心源性脑栓塞中HT发病率最高。HT的危险因素为心源性脑栓塞、不明病因脑梗死及NIHSS评分,低密度脂蛋白为HT的保护性因素,CMB与HT没有明显相关性。     

不同部位缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉超声特点的研究

目的探讨不同亚型的缺血性脑卒中患者的颅外段颈动脉硬化病变的发生状况及病变程度，为缺血性脑卒中的防治提供依据。方法收集急性缺血性脑卒中患者351例，按头颅CT或MRI结果分为皮质型（CI）、皮质下型（SCI）、椎基底动脉型（VBI）3个亚型，同时应用彩色多普勒超声对颅外段颈动脉病变进行量化评估，分析各型之间不同颅外段颈动脉病变的发生状况及病变程度的差异。结果皮质型脑梗死颈动脉狭窄发生率为75．9％，高于其他组，且差异显著（P〈0．05），皮质型脑梗死颈动脉狭窄〉50％者为25．3％，高于其他组，且差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论在缺血性脑卒中各亚型之间颅外段颈动脉硬化病变的发生状况及病变程度存在差异，其中以CI的病变最明显，其次为VBCI，SCI最低。     

ABCD~2评分结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声对TIA患者近期预后的评价

目的分析ABCD2评分结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后7 d发生脑梗死的评估价值。方法以2010年1月～2011年1月住院治疗的126例TIA患者作为研究对象,收集其临床、TCD和颈部血管超声检查资料。按ABCD2评分法进行评分,计算TIA后7 d内脑梗死发生率。结果 126例TIA患者7 d内进展为脑梗死者26例,占20.6%。ABCD2评分越高,脑梗死的发生率越高(P<0.05)。TIA后7 d脑供血动脉狭窄≥50%的患者中脑梗死发生率较脑供血动脉狭窄<50%的患者明显升高(P<0.05)。ABCD2评分≥4分、脑供血动脉狭窄≥50%的TIA患者7 d脑梗死发生率为33.8%,与ABCD2评分≥4分、脑供血动脉狭窄<50%的TIA患者(7.7%)比较,其发生脑梗死的风险明显增加(P<0.05)。结论 ABCD2评分法预测7 d发生脑梗死风险的准确性较高,进一步结合经颅多普勒和颈部血管超声检查可提高预测的准确性。     

颈内动脉系统TIA型脑梗死与高同型半胱氨酸血症关系的临床研究

目的 探讨血同型半胱氨酸水平与颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)及颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA型)脑梗死的关系.方法 对颈内动脉系统TIA及颈内动脉系统TIA型脑梗死的患者血同型半胱氨酸水平进行分析.结果 颈内动脉系统TIA型脑梗死患者血同型半胱氨酸水平高于颈内动脉系统TIA患者,且两组患者的血同型半胱氨酸水平水平均高于对照组.结论 高同型半胱氨酸血症与颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作相关,且其升高水平与是否进展为脑梗死有关.     

前循环动脉粥样硬化性短暂性脑缺血 发作的血管病变及预后影响因素

目的 探讨首发前循环动脉粥样硬化性短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的血管病变及预后影响因素。方法 收集121例首发前循环动脉粥样硬化性TIA患者,发病48 h内入院,应用CT血管造影和颈动脉超声评估血管病变,采用ABCD评分,观察1年内脑血管病的发生率,比较血管病变及ABCD评分对预后的影响。结果(1)121例患者中106例共258支血管狭窄; 71例(58.68%)存在同侧颈部及颅内动脉狭窄≥50%,66例(54.55%)存在多支血管狭窄,33例(27.27%)有Willis 环变异; 66例(54.55%)检出不稳定斑块;(2)随访1年脑血管病发生率18.18%; 多元Logistic回归分析显示除了高血压病、高脂血症、发作时间≥10 min外,同侧颈部及颅内动脉≥50%狭窄(OR=2.65,95% CI:1.30～5.38,P=0.007)是影响预后的独立危险因素; 同侧颈部及颅内动脉狭窄分层后发现,同侧颈部及颅内动脉中度狭窄患者发生脑血管病的比例是正常或轻度狭窄5.92倍(95%CI:1.20～29.27,P=0.029),而重度狭窄或闭塞发生比例是正常或轻度狭窄7.92倍(95%CI:1.75～35.83,P=0.007);(3)与未发生脑血管病组比较,发生脑血管病组的ABCD2、ABCD3和ABCD3-V评分的得分均显著升高(P≤0.01); 3种评分法预测1年内发生脑血管病风险的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.68、0.73和0.80,ABCD3-V评分预测预后准确度最高(P<0.05),最佳界值为7.5分。结论 首发前循环动脉粥样硬化性TIA的血管病变广泛并严重,1年内脑血管病发生率高,同侧颈部及颅内动脉狭窄严重程度及ABCD3-V评分能更准确预测患者的预后。     

妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的 探讨血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白(PAPP)-A与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)的关系.方法 116例首次发生颈内动脉系统ICVD的住院患者,包括急性脑梗死(ACI)72例和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)44例,另选38例体检者(对照组),均行头颅CT、颈动脉彩色多普勒超声仪及血清PAPP-A检查;根据颈动脉彩色多普勒超声仪检查结果,按斑块性质分为易损斑块组(39例)、稳定斑块组(60例)、内-中膜增厚组(20例)及无斑块组(35例),并对各项检查结果进行组问比较.结果 血清PAPP-A水平,ACI组[(5.64 ±1.92)mlU/L]及TAI组[(5.51±2.01)mlU/L]明显高于对照组[(4.12±1.98)mIU/L](均P＜0.05);各组中易损斑块组的血清PAPP-A水平明显高于无斑块组、内-中膜增厚组及稳定斑块组(均P＜0.05).PAPP-A对易损斑块、ACI、TIA的诊断评估显示曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.87、0.61及0.57.结论 血清PAPP-A水平可作为诊断颈动脉粥样硬化易损斑块存在的生物学标记物,其血清水平的升高可视为 ICVD的危险因素之一.