肾移植患者血清中可溶性B7-H3水平的变化及其临床意义

Objective To detect the serum soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) in patients before and after renal transplantation, and to investigate the clinical significance. Methods The serum level of sB7-H3 in 34 patients were determined before and 3, 6, 12 months after renal transplantation. Besides, 11 health adults were elected as controls. These 34 patients were divided into two groups according to HLA and/or MICA antibodies using Luminex before operation. After transplantation, all the patients were divided into two groups according to their conditions; group Ⅰ with rejection; group S with stable renal function and no rejection. Results The serum level of sB7-H3 in all 34 patients before operation was significantly higher than health controls [(27. 10 ± 13. 61) μg/L,n = 34 vs (11.61 ±3.77) μg/L,n = 11 ,P ＜0. 01], and significantly higher in patients with antibodies than in those without before operation [(34. 96 ± 17. 37) (μ/L, n = 11 vs (23. 34 ± 9. 75) (μg/L, n = 23, P ＜ 0. 05]. There was no significant difference in the serum level of sB7-H3 between control group and S group after operation (P ＞0. 05). In group Ⅰ, the serum level of sB7-H3 was increased obviously when rejection occurred [(20. 63 ±4. 28) μg/L,n = 12; (18. 95 ±2.98) μg/L,n=6; (28.36 ±19. 83) μg/L,n = 10] , as compared with group S and control group (P＜0. 01), while at the time without rejection, there was no difference among them (P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Monitoring serum sB7-H3 after renal transplantation would be clinically useful in indicating therapeutic effect and outcome of the patients.     

肾移植患者血清中可溶性B7-H3水平的变化及其临床意义

Objective To detect the serum soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) in patients before and after renal transplantation, and to investigate the clinical significance. Methods The serum level of sB7-H3 in 34 patients were determined before and 3, 6, 12 months after renal transplantation. Besides, 11 health adults were elected as controls. These 34 patients were divided into two groups according to HLA and/or MICA antibodies using Luminex before operation. After transplantation, all the patients were divided into two groups according to their conditions; group Ⅰ with rejection; group S with stable renal function and no rejection. Results The serum level of sB7-H3 in all 34 patients before operation was significantly higher than health controls [(27. 10 ± 13. 61) μg/L,n = 34 vs (11.61 ±3.77) μg/L,n = 11 ,P ＜0. 01], and significantly higher in patients with antibodies than in those without before operation [(34. 96 ± 17. 37) (μ/L, n = 11 vs (23. 34 ± 9. 75) (μg/L, n = 23, P ＜ 0. 05]. There was no significant difference in the serum level of sB7-H3 between control group and S group after operation (P ＞0. 05). In group Ⅰ, the serum level of sB7-H3 was increased obviously when rejection occurred [(20. 63 ±4. 28) μg/L,n = 12; (18. 95 ±2.98) μg/L,n=6; (28.36 ±19. 83) μg/L,n = 10] , as compared with group S and control group (P＜0. 01), while at the time without rejection, there was no difference among them (P ＞0. 05). Conclusion Monitoring serum sB7-H3 after renal transplantation would be clinically useful in indicating therapeutic effect and outcome of the patients.     

胃旁路术对非肥胖型2型糖尿病疗效的前瞻性对照研究

目的 探讨胃旁路术对非肥胖型2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效.方法 前瞻性研究2008年11月至2009年8月第二军医大学附属长海医院收治的加例胃部疾病合并非肥胖型T2DM患者的临床资料,按实用性随机对照原则将患者分为4组,每组10例,分别接受毕Ⅰ式远端胃切除+胃十二指肠吻合术(BⅠ组)、近端胃大部切除+食管残胃吻合术(PG组)、全胃切除+Y型吻合术(RY组)、毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合术(BⅡ组),后2种术式为胃旁路术.比较4组患者住院时间、胃部疾病治疗情况、手术前后体质指数、腰围、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血清胰岛素和空腹C肽水平等指标.数据采用方差分析、LSD-t检验、配对t检验、x2检验进行分析.结果 4种术式对胃部疾病的疗效基本相同.RY组患者术前、术后6个月空腹血糖分别为(8.0 ±2.9)、(5.9±0.7)mmol/L,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.342,P<0.05).RY组患者术前糖化血红蛋白、空腹C肽分别为7.7%±1.1%、(1.30±0.54)μg/L,术后2、6个月分别为6.9%±0.6%、(1.95±0.86)μg/L和6.1%±0.4%、(2.18±0.63)μg/L,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.920、6.063,3.012、4.651,P<0.05).RY组患者术前空腹血清胰岛素为(11±4)mU/L,术后1、2、6个月分别为(18±5)、(19±3)、(21±3)mU/L,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.158,4.502,7.517,P<0.05).BⅡ组患者术前空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血清胰岛素和空腹血清C肽分别为(8.3±1.3)mmol/L、7.7%±0.9%、(13±4)mU/L、(1.34±0.48)μg/L,术后1、2、6个月分别为(6.7 ±1.2)mmol/L、6.8%±0.8%、(18±4)mU/L、(1.68±0.46)μg/L和(6.4±1.3)mmol/L、6.3%±0.6%、(18±4)mU/L、(1.96 ±0.67)μg/L及(5.6±0.7)mmol/L、6.0%±0.3%、(19±4)mU/L、(2.27±0.59)μg/L,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.468、2.598、6.028,3.055、4.586、4.572,3.618、5.860、8.577,2.300、3.511、3.943,P<0.05).术后2、6个月4组患者空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、空腹C肽比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.699、14.378,7.411、29.192,3.335、9.334,P<0.05).术后各时相点4组患者空腹血清胰岛素比较,差异有统计学意义(F=2.896,7.012,11.998,P<0.05).结论 胃旁路术对非肥胖型T2DM具有较好疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods From November 2008 to August 2009, 40 patients with gastric diseases and nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus were admitted to the Changhai Hospital, and their clinical data were prospectively studied. All patients were randomly divided into 4 groups; 10 patients received Billroth I distal gastrectomy +gastroduodenal anastomosis (BⅠ group) , 10 received proximal gastrectomy + remanant gastric esophageal anastomosis ( PG group), 10 received total gastrectomy + esophagoduodenal Y-anastomosis ( RY group) and 10received subtotal gastrectomy Billroth Ⅱ gastro-jejunostomy (BⅡ group). The length of hospital stay, pre- and postoperative body mass indexes (BMIs) , waist circumferences, levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) , glycated hemoglobin ( GHbA1) , fasting serum insulin (FSI) and fasting C-peptide (FCP) of patients in the 4 groups were compared. All data were analyzed using analysis of variance, LSD-t test, paired t test or chi-square test. Results The clinical effects of the 4 different operative procedures on the gastric diseases were similar. The levels of FBG were (8.0 ±2.9)mmol/L before operation and (5.9 ±0.7)mmol/L after operation in the RY group, with a significant difference (t = 2. 342, P < 0. 05). The preoperative level of GHbA1 in the RY group was 7.7% ± 1.1%, which was significantly higher than 6. 9% ± 0. 6% at 2 months after the operation and 6. 1 % ± 0. 4% at 6 months after the operation (t = 4. 920, 3.012, P < 0.05). The preoperative level of FCP in the RY group was (1.30 ±0.54) μg/L, which was significantly lower than (1.95 ± 0.86) μg/L at 2 months after the operation and (2.18 ± 0.63)μg/L at 6 months after the operation (t =6. 063, 4. 651, P < 0.05). The levels of FSI in the RY group at postoperative month 1, 2 and 6 were (18 ±5) , (19 ±3) , (21 ±3) mU/L, which were significantly higher than the level of FSI [(11 ±4) mU/L]before operation (t =3. 158, 4. 502, 7. 517, P <0. 05). Preoperative levels of FBG, GHbA1, FSI and FCP in the B Ⅱ group were (8. 3 ± 1. 3) mmol/L, 7. 7% ±0. 9% , (13±4)mU/L and (1.34±0.48) μg/L, which were ignificantly different from (6.7 ± 1.2)mmol/L, 6.8%± 0.8%, (18±4)mU/L and ( 1.68 ±0.46) μg/L at postoperative month 1, (6.4 ± 1.3)mmol/L, 6.3% ±0.6% ,(18±4)mU/L and (1. 96 ± 0. 67) μg/L at postoperative month 2, and (5. 6 ±0. 7) mmol/L, 6.0%±0.3%, (19 ± 4) mU/L and (2.27 ± 0. 59) |μg/L at postoperative month 6 (t = 2. 468, 2. 598, 6. 028; 3. 055, 4. 586,4.572; 3.618, 5.860, 8.577; 2.300, 3.511, 3.943, P<0.05). The levels of FBG,GHbA1 and FCP in the 4 groups at 2 months after surgery were significantly different from those at 6 months after surgery (F = 4. 699,14. 378; 7.411, 29. 192; 3. 335, 9. 334, P < 0.05). The levels of FSI in the 4 groups at different time points were significantly different (F =2. 896, 7. 012, 11. 998, P < 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus is satisfactory.     

C4d沉积在抗体介导的慢性排斥反应中的临床意义

Objective To explore the significance of peritubular capillary C4d deposition in histopathological changes, renal function and prognosis of the patients with antibody-mediated chronic rejection (AMCR). Methods Deposition of C4d in the kidney was examined by irnmunohistochemistry on routine paraffin-embedded sections using anti-C4d polyclonal antibody. Seventy-seven patients were divided into C4d+ group (n = 35) and C4d- group (n = 42). The relationship of C4d and renal function,histopathological changes and prognoses of allografts were analyzed. Results The number of patients with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation in C4d+ group was significantly more than that in C4d group (P＜0.05). Mean serum creatinine level was significantly higher in C4d+ group than in C4d- group 12 months after renal transplantation [(379.1 + 260.2)μmol/L vs (260.5 + 175.3) μmol/L, P＜0.05]. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the one-year graft survival rate was lower in the C4d+ group (62.9% ) than in the C4d- group (83.3% ) (logrank P＜0.05). Conclusion Patients with C4d deposition are associated with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation. The serum creatinine level in C4d+ patients was significantly higher than in C4d- group at the 12th month after transplantation. More patients with C4d deposition lost their grafts during the study period.     

C4d沉积在抗体介导的慢性排斥反应中的临床意义

Objective To explore the significance of peritubular capillary C4d deposition in histopathological changes, renal function and prognosis of the patients with antibody-mediated chronic rejection (AMCR). Methods Deposition of C4d in the kidney was examined by irnmunohistochemistry on routine paraffin-embedded sections using anti-C4d polyclonal antibody. Seventy-seven patients were divided into C4d+ group (n = 35) and C4d- group (n = 42). The relationship of C4d and renal function,histopathological changes and prognoses of allografts were analyzed. Results The number of patients with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation in C4d+ group was significantly more than that in C4d group (P＜0.05). Mean serum creatinine level was significantly higher in C4d+ group than in C4d- group 12 months after renal transplantation [(379.1 + 260.2)μmol/L vs (260.5 + 175.3) μmol/L, P＜0.05]. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the one-year graft survival rate was lower in the C4d+ group (62.9% ) than in the C4d- group (83.3% ) (logrank P＜0.05). Conclusion Patients with C4d deposition are associated with tubular atrophy and glomerular basement membrane proliferation. The serum creatinine level in C4d+ patients was significantly higher than in C4d- group at the 12th month after transplantation. More patients with C4d deposition lost their grafts during the study period.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

肝移植术后血清降钙素原监测的临床意义

Objective To investigate the changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in patients after liver transplantation and explore their significance for diagnosis and differential diagnosis among bacterial infection, viral infection and acute rejection.Methods PCT was measured in serum of 25 liver trans-plant patients by immunofluorescence sandwich method and the patients were divided into the non-complication group, viral infection group, acute rejection group and bacterial infection group.Results The concentrations of PCT in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after transplantation were(24.50 ± 4.6)ng/ml, (21.40± 3.3)ng/ml and (12.25 ± 3.1)ng/ml, respectively and they presented a decreasing tendency.The concentrations of PCT in non-complication group, viral infection group and acute rejection group decreased gradually and were near the normal level of (0.51±0.11) ng/ml after 7～10 days.Moreo-ver, the concentrations of PCT in viral infection group and acute rejection group were (0.44 ± 0.16)ng/ml and(0.53±0.14)ng/ml when the patients were in fever.The concentration of PCT in the viral infection group were(15.70±5.1)ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in other 3 groups (P<0.05) in the early days of fever.The statistical differences among the other three groups were not significant (P>0.05).Conclusion The concentration of PCT in serum is high in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day then decreased gradually soon.The concentration of PCT is not high in viral infection or acute rejection while significantly high in bacterial infection, so it can be used to differentiate the bacterial infection from acute rejection and virus infection after liver transplantation.     

糖尿病患者P物质含量与围手术期不良心血管事件的相关性研究

目的 探讨糖尿病患者血清P物质(substance P,SP)含量变化与围手术期不良心血管事件(adverse cardiovascular event,ACVE)的相关性. 方法 择期行胆囊切除术的患者44例,根据术前有无糖尿病分为两组(每组22例):糖尿病组(DM组)与对照组(C组).记录两组患者术前一般情况(年龄、性别、ASA分级、体重、血脂、肌酐等),术中血糖、心律、HR、BP、ECG、手术时间以及补液量等变化.采用ELISA法测定术前、术毕SP含量以及术前、术后24 h肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cardiac troponin Ⅰ,cTnⅠ)含量. 结果 DM组患者胆囊切除术围手术期ACVE发生率(68.18％)较C组(36.36％)高(P＜0.05);DM组患者术前、术毕血清SP含量[(1.1 ±0.4)、(1.0±0.5) μg/L]较C组[(1.6±o.7)、(1.3±o.6)ug/L]低(P＜0.05),而术前、术后24 h血清cTnⅠ含量[(1.8±0.6)、(2.4±1.0)μg/L]较C组[(1.2±0.5)、(1.4±0.6)μg/L]高(P＜0.05);根据围手术期有无发生ACVE进行分类,发生ACVE患者SP含量[(1.0±0.5)μg/L]较未发生ACVE患者(non-ACVE,NACVE)SP含量[(1.4±0.7)μg/L]低(P＜0.05).结论 糖尿病患者血清SP含量降低可能与患者围手术期ACVE的发生率有关.     

Acute kidney injury in donors of donation after brain plus cardiac death does not affect recipients' short-term prognosis in transplantation

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of renal transplantation from donors of donation after brain and cardiac death(DBCD) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI), and summarize the clinical experience of evaluation and application. Methods The clinical data of the 45 DBCD donors and 80 recipients in the First People's Hospital of Foshan from September 2011 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. DBCD donors were classified into the AKI group (n=26)and non-AKI group (n=19) according to the serum creatinine level and urine output when the donors were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in this hospital. A total of 80 recipients were divided into the AKI group (n=46) and non-AKI group (n=34) correspondingly. The condition of the donors before organ procurement between the two groups was compared, and the incidence of various complications, the 1 years survival rates of recipients and graft after renal transplantation were compared between the two groups. Results Among 45 donors, 26 cases(57.8%) suffered from AKI. The serum creatinine of donors was significantly higher in the AKI group than that in the non-AKI group (P＜0.01). The incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) in AKI group and non-AKI group was 21.7% and 8.8% respectively (P＞0.05). After 1 years, the serum creatinine of the recipients in AKI group was significantly higher than that in non-AKI group [(134.9±63.4) μmol/L vs (106.6±28.2) μmol/L, P＜0.05], but the survival rates of recipients and grafts did no differ between the two groups (both P＞0.05). Conclusions The donors combined with AKI do not have a worse effect on the incidence of DGF, the 1-year survival rates of recipients and grafts after transplantation. So, the donors with AKI for transplantation can widen the origin of kidney grafts.     

移植肾丢失患者维持性血液透析的临床分析

目的 探讨移植肾丢失后维持性血液透析患者的治疗策略.方法 选择2013年5月在山西省第二人民医院肾移植透析中心接受维持性血液透析治疗的26例慢性移植肾丢失患者作为移植组,选择同期年龄、性别及透析维持时间相匹配的26例普通透析患者作为对照组.两组患者原发病均以不明原因的慢性肾小球肾炎为主.记录移植组患者移植肾状况,记录两组患者维持性血液透析的治疗情况.两组间计量资料比较采用t检验,率的比较采用x2检验或Fisher精切概率法.结果 移植组再次进入维持性血液透析的中位时间为39个月（1～186个月）,对照组维持性血液透析的中位时间为37个月（1 ～192个月）.移植组患者留存1个移植肾者20例,留存2个移植肾者2例,完全移植肾切除4例.留存移植肾的22例患者中,6例完全停用免疫抑制剂,16例维持小剂量免疫抑制剂.移植组患者再次进入维持性血液透析前,主要表现为不同程度的蛋白尿和/或“爬行肌酐”、重度水肿,血浆白蛋白平均值为（34 ±6） g/L,与对照组比较低蛋白血症程度更严重（t=-2.420,P ＜0.05）;平均血清肌酐（654±272） μmol/L,低于对照组（t=-3.979,P＜0.05）;用MDRD公式计算的肾小球滤过率（GFR）低于对照组（t=2.656,P ＜0.05）,但用血清胱抑素C计算的GFR两组差异无统计学意义（t=1.395,P＞0.05）.至2013年5月,移植组和对照组患者体质量指数分别为（20.1±2.3）kg/m2和（22.6±4.2）kg/m2,血浆白蛋白分别为（41 ±6） g/L和（45 ±4） g/L,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（t=-2.645和-2.512,P均＜0.05）.与对照组比较,移植组血红蛋白水平较低,促红细胞生成素（EPO）用量和EPO抵抗指数（ERI）较高.移植组和对照组血红蛋白分别为（100±17） g/L和（115 ±18） g/L,血红蛋白达标的患者分别为9例和17例,两组差异均有统计学意义（t=-3.028,x2=4.923,P均＜0.05）;平均每周EPO用量?     

L-精氨酸和氨基胍在大鼠肺移植缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的 观察L-精氨酸(L-Arg)和氨基胍对大鼠肺移植后缺血再灌注的保护作用.方法 建立大鼠左单肺移植模型,术后随机分为A组(对照组,腹腔注射生理盐水),B组(腹腔注射L-Arg)、C组(腹腔注射氨基胍)和D组(腹腔注射L-Arg和氨基胍),每组6只.移植肺再灌注2 h后,检测肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性并测定移植肺干湿重比(W/D)及静脉血中一氧化氮(NO)含量,观察移植肺的病理学形态.结果 再灌注2 h后,B组移植肺的W/D(5.10±0.21)、MPO(1.74±0.26)U/g和MDA(20.87±2.90)μmol/g均低于A组W/D(5.74 ±0.14)、MPO(2.36±0.32)U/g和MDA(31.33 ±3.46)μmol/g;SOD活性(424.29±27.86)U/mgprot、NO含量(175.12 ±17.40)μmol/L、iNOS活性(3.62 ±0.26)U/mgprot和eNOS活性(5.36±0.28)U/mgprot均较A组SOD活性(268.01±26.06)U/mgpro、NO含量(98.29±6.95)μmol/L、iNOS活性(2.53 ±0.22)U/mgprot和eNOS活性(3.57 ±0.40)U/mgprot高(P＜0.05).C组的NO含量(84.13±5.18)μmol/L、iNOS活性(1.81 ±0.09)U/mgprot均较A组低(P＜0.05).D组的W/D(4.79 ±0.19)、MPO(1.24±0.13)U/g、MDA(14.60±4.14)μmol/g、iNOS活性(1.99±0.17)U/mgprot低于A组,SOD活性(493.75±24.95)、NO含量(149.61±10.70)μmol/L、eNOS活性(5.50±0.27)U/mgprot高于A组(P＜0.05).与B组比较,D组的W/D、MPO、MDA、NO含量、iNOS活性降低,SOD升高(P＜0.05).病理形态学检查显示D组炎细胞浸润及渗出最轻,B组次之,A组和C组最差.结论 移植后再灌注早期应用L-Arg可减轻缺血再灌注损伤,应用氨基胍并不能减轻移植肺的损伤,但联合应用L-Arg和氨基胍优于单纯应用L-Arg.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) and aminoguanidine on ischemia-reperfusion injury following rat lung transplantation. Methods The models of rats lung transplantation were established and 4 groups ( n = 6 each) were randomly set up: group A ( normal control group)and treated groups B, C and D. In these groups, different medicines (NS, group A; L-Arg, group B;aminoguanidine, group C; L-Arg and aminoguanidine, group D) were intraperitoneally administered to the recipient rats before reperfusion. After reperfusion for 2 h, the lung graft was harvested for measurements of lung wet/dry ratio ( W/D ) , myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) , endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) , inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The contents of plasma nitric oxide (NO) were determined. The pathological changes in the lung grafts were observed.Results After reperfusion for 2 h, W/D (5. 10 ±0.21), MPO (1.74 ±0.26) U/g, MDA (20.87 ±2. 90) μmol/g in group B were significantly lower [W/D (5. 74 ± 0. 14), MPO (2. 36 ± 0. 32) U/g,MDA (31. 33 ±3.46) μmol/g] (P ＜ 0. 05), and the levels of SOD (424. 29 ± 27. 86) U/mg protein,NO (175. 12 ± 17. 40) μmol/L, iNOS (3. 62 ±0. 26) U/mg protein and eNOS (5. 36 ±0. 28) U/mg protein were significantly higher than in group A [SOD (268.01 ±26.06) U/mg protein, NO (98.29 ±6.95) μmol/L, iNOS (2.53 ±0.22) U/mg protein and eNOS (3. 57 ±0.40) U/mg protein] (P＜0. 05). The contents of NO (84. 13 ±5. 18) μmol/L and iNOS (1. 81 ±0. 09) U/mg protein in group C were significantly lower than in group A (P ＜ 0. 05). W/D (4. 79 ± 0. 19) , MPO (1. 24 ± 0. 13 ) U/g,MDA (14. 60 ±4. 14) μmol/g, iNOS (1. 99 ±0. 17) U/mg protein were significantly lower than in group A (P ＜0. 05) , and SOD (493. 75 ±24. 95) , NO (149. 61 ± 10. 70) μmol/L and eNOS (5. 50 ±0. 27)U/mg protein in group D were significantly higher than in group A (P＜0. 05). W/D, MPO, MDA, NO and iNOS in group D were significantly reduced as compared with group B (P ＜ 0. 05 ) , and SOD was significantly increased in group B ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . The pathological examination revealed that the inflammatory cell infiltration in group D was the mildest, followed by groups B, A and C. Conclusion The L-Arg could alleviate the lung ischemia-reperfusion injury after transplantation, the combined used of L-Arg and aminoguanidine could obtain better effects than L-Arg used alone. The aminoguanidine used alone could not alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury after transplantation.     

夫妻活体供肾移植的相关问题分析

目的 探讨夫妻供肾移植的临床效果及安全性.方法63例活体供肾移植供者分夫妻供肾组(n=12)和亲属供肾组(n=51)2组.总结夫妻活体供肾肾移植的临床资料,并与同期基础条件相近、免疫抑制剂方案相同、基因相关亲属供肾组的临床资料进行对比.观察指标选择平均住院时间、急性肾小管坏死发生率、1年内急性排斥反应发生率和移植后7、30 d和1年血肌酐(SCr)水平.结果 夫妻供肾组和亲属供肾组受者年龄分别为(39±3)和(37±3)岁,P=0.05;透析时间分别为(4.7±3.2)和(4.4±2.9)个月,P=0.78;平均住院时间分别为(20.9±8.3)和(23.0±7.8)d,P=0.41.2组1年内急性排斥反应发生率分别为33.3%4/12),3.9%(2/51),P=0.01.急性肾小管坏死发生率分别为16.7%(2/12),3.9%(2/51)(P=0.31).夫妻供肾组术后7、30 d SCr值分别为(206.47±47.22)和(163.75±25.91)μmol/L,亲属供肾组分别为(142.79±89.42)和(119.99±15.03)μmol/L,P=0.02,P=0.00.术后1年夫妻供肾组获随访9例,亲属供肾组40例;SCr分别为(133.40±6.11)和(121.00±34.12)μmol/L,P=0.25.结论 术前对夫妻供、受者进行全面综合评估是夫妻供肾移植成功的保证.夫妻供肾移植的近期急性排斥反应发生率略高于亲属活体供肾移植,但术后1年夫妻供肾移植受者的移植肾功能与亲属活体供移植受者比较并无区别.     

大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应中肿瘤坏死因子受体配体的表达及其意义

目的 观察肝移植排斥反应中移植肝脏内糖皮质激素诱导的肿瘤坏死因子受体配体(GITRL)的表达.方法 采用Kamada's二袖套法建立从Lewis到Brown Norway(BN)大鼠的肝移植排斥模型为排斥组(n=5),从BN到BN的肝移植模型为耐受组(n=5).术后24h,抽取血液,取肝脏及分离库普弗(Kupffer)细胞,检测肝脏上GITRL及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的表达,Kupffer细胞上GITRL的表达,检测血清及细胞上清液中TNF-α的表达.免疫组织化学染色强度采用Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件分析.结果 免疫耐受组和排斥组肝脏内的CITRL的平均染色强度分别为0.113±0.007和0.270±0.018(P＜0.05),TNF-α平均染色强度分别为0.114±0.004和0.141±0.005(P＜0.05),耐受组和排斥组的Kupffer细胞GITRL平均染色强度分别为0.206±0.017和0.337±0.018(P＜0.05),Kupffer细胞的培养上清液中,耐受组和排斥组TNF-α的值分别为(68.66±21.12)、(178.33±29.39)ng/L(P＜0.05).结论 在排斥的早期阶段肝脏及Kupffer细胞的GITRL表达增高,监测和干扰GITRL可能有益于肝移植急性排斥反应的早期诊断和处理.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate te changes of glucocorticoid induced tumor necrosis factor receptor ligand (GITRL) in hepatic allograft rejection. Methods Liver transplantation from Lewis rats (n = 5 ) to Brown Norway (BN) rats was performed by Kamada' s two-cuff technique as acute rejection group. Liver transplantation from BN to BN rats ( n = 5 ) was performed as tolerance group. Recipients were sacrificed at 24th h postoperation. Blood samples were collected and grafts were harvested, then Kupffer cells were isolated. GITRL and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α protein expression in the hver was tested by immunohistochemistry, and the GITRL expression in Kupffer cells by immunocytochemistry. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect the changes of TNF-α protein in the serum and supernatant. The staining intensity was analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 6. 0 image analysis software. Results At 24th h postoperation, the liver GITRL expression levels in tolerance and rejection groups were 0. 113 ± 0. 007 and 0. 270 ±0. 018, respectively (P ＜0. 05). The TNF-α expression levels in the liver in tolerance and rejection groups were 0. 114 ± 0. 004 and 0. 141 ± 0. 005 respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The GITRL expression levels in Kupffer cells in tolerance and rejection groups were 0. 206 ±0. 017 and 0. 337 ±0. 018 respectively (P ＜0. 05 ). As compared with tolerance group (68. 66 ±21.12) ng/L, TNF-α protein expression levels were up-regulated in the supernatant of rejection group ( 178.33 ± 29. 39 ) ng/L ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusion The expression of GITRL in the liver and Kupffer cells was increased in the early stage of rejection, and monitoring and interfering GITRL may be useful for the early diagnosis and management of an acute rejection in liver transplantation.     

Levels of bisphenols in patients with chronic kidney disease and their correlation with renal function

Objective To observe the levels of four bisphenols (bisphenol A, B, S and F) and their correlation with renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Methods Patients with CKD were identified according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Sixty-three CKD patients and eleven healthy controls were enrolled. CKD patients were further classified as mild renal injury group (CKD stage 1 and 2, n=30), moderate renal injury group (CKD stage 3, n=19) and severe renal injury group (CKD stage 4 and 5, n=14). The levels of four bisphenols in serum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The correlation between concentrations of four bisphenols and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. The associations of four bisphenols with coronary heart disease, diabetes and hypertension in CKD patients were estimated by binary multivariate logistic regression. Results (1) Four bisphenols were not detected in serum of healthy control. In the mild renal injury group the bisphenol A and bisphenol S were not detected, and patients had 5.24 (5.24, 9.38) μg/L bisphenol B and 0.74 (0.74, 0.74) μg/L bisphenol F. In the moderate renal injury group bisphenol S was not detected, and patients had 2.79 (1.01, 4.53) μg/L bisphenol A, 5.24 (5.24, 5.24) μg/L bisphenol B and 0.74 (0.74, 0.74) μg/L bisphenol F. In severe renal injury group patients had 14.30 (7.97, 18.17) μg/L bisphenol A, 0 μg/L bisphenol B, 23.73 (23.73, 136.59) μg/L bisphenol S and 0.74 (0.74, 1.42) μg/L bisphenol F. The levels of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in severe renal injury group were higher than those in the healthy control group, mild renal injury group and moderate renal injury group (all P＜0.05). Bisphenol B and bisphenol F were not statistically different among four groups. (2) Bisphenol A and bisphenol S were negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.779, P＜0.001; r=-0.546, P＜0.001). (3) Among CKD patients, bisphenol A was correlated with diabetes (OR=4.951, 95%CI 1.603-15.294, P=0.005), and bisphenol S was correlated with hypertension (OR=4.466, 95%CI 1.575-12.666, P=0.005). Conclusions CKD patients have a variety of bisphenol compounds, especially bisphenol A and bisphenol S. Bisphenol A and bisphenol S have high levels, and their exposures are correlated with renal function.     

可溶型LAIR分子与肾移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎的关系

目的 探讨可溶型LAIR分子(sCD305,CD306)与肾移植术后巨细胞病毒(CMV)肺炎的关系. 方法肾移植受者血清19份,分为肺炎组(10份)和对照组(9份);以夹心ELISA方法定量检测血清中sCD305和CD306的浓度;用CHISS软件进行:检验. 结果 2组sCD305浓度均不符合正态分布,肺炎组波动于0.000～3.039 μg/L,对照组波动于0.000～8.375μg/L;肺炎组CD306浓度不符合正态分布,波动于0.000～0.017 μg/L,对照组符合正态分布.浓度为(0.046±0.035)μg/L;CD306在CMV肺炎患者血清内的表达降低,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),而sCD305在2组的表达差异无统计学意义(P=0.316). 结论 CD306在肾移植术后发生CMV肺炎的患者血清内表达明显降低,CMV-PP65抗原检测联合CD306检测,有助于临床准确早期诊断CMV肺炎.     

回输外引流胆汁和胰液对胰十二指肠切除术疗效的影响

目的 探讨回输外引流的胆汁和胰液对胰十二指肠切除术疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析2005年6月至2009年3月滨州医学院附属医院收治的51例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.根据是否回输外引流的胆汁和胰液分为回输组(32例)和非回输组(19例).观察两组患者术后胆汁和胰液日均引流量,手术情况,肠内营养耐受性,肝脏功能及营养状态等指标.应用x2检验、Fisher确切概率法、两独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、单因素方差分析等对数据进行统计分析.结果 术后回输组患者肺部感染率为3％ (1/32),低于非回输组患者的26％( 5/19),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).回输组患者自术后4～10 d胰液日引流量显著低于非回输组(t=7.143,9.244,8.808,7.915,6.461,14.097,15.038,P＜0.05),而两组患者胆汁日均引流量比较,差异无统计学意义.营养支持治疗后,回输组患者腹泻发生率为9％(3/32),低于非回输组的37％(7/19),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).回输组达到全量肠内营养支持的平均时间为3d,短于非回输组的4 d(U=145.000,P＜0.05).回输组和非回输组患者术前TBil、DBil、IBil分别为(261±108)、(132±55)、(129±55) μmol/L和(239±92)、(124±46)、(116 +46) μmol/L;营养支持治疗12 d后,两组患者的上述指标分别为(39±19)、(20±10)、(19±9) μmol/L和(55±22)、(29±12)、(26±11) μmoL/L,回输组患者上述指标下降程度高于非回输组(t=7.324,8.437,5.827,P＜0.05).回输组和非回输组患者术前血清前白蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白、转铁蛋白分别为(0.261±0.021)g/L、(34.3±2.8) mg/L、(3.08±0.26) g/L和(0.263 ±0.021 )g/L、(33.8±3.5) mg/L、(3.10±0.27)g/L;术后两组患者的上述指标迅速下降,营养支持治疗3d后各项指标逐步回升,12 d后,两组患者的上述指标分别为(0.238±0.025)g/L、(30.7±2.0)mg/L、(2.78±0.19)g/L和(0.222±0.025) g/L、(29.3±2.1)mg/L、(2.63±0.21)g/L,并且回输组患者的上述指标明显高于非回输组(t=4.615,6.097,4.913,P＜0.05).结论 胰十二指肠切除术后回输外引流的胆汁和胰液可提高患者对肠内营养耐受性,降低肺部感染发生率,促进血清胆红素水平降低,改善患者营养状态,具有较高实用价值.     

Th17细胞和调节性T细胞在肝包虫病免疫逃避中的作用

目的 探讨辅助性T细胞17(Th17)和调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)在肝包虫病免疫逃避中的作用.方法 前瞻性分析2008年8月至2009年9月新疆医科大学第一附属医院74例受试者的临床资料,将74例受试者分为4组:健康对照组20例,肝囊型包虫病组21例,肝复发囊型包虫病组15例和肝泡型包虫病组18例.应用ELISA法检测各组受试者血清中Treg相关细胞因子转化生长因子(TGF-β1)和IL-10,Th17细胞相关细胞因子IL-17和IL-23的表达,并用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t法和Pearson相关性检验分析其结果.结果 IL-17在健康对照组、肝囊型包虫病组、肝复发囊型包虫病组和肝泡型包虫病组的表达分别为(16±5)、(13±4)、(13±5)和(11±3)ng/L,4组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=6.35,P<0.05);而肝囊型包虫病组与肝复发囊型包虫病组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.22,P＞0.05).IL-23在健康对照组、肝囊型包虫病组、肝复发囊型包虫病组和肝泡型包虫病组的表达分别为(139±50)、(106±53)、(107±48)和(72±27)ng/L,4组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=6.74,P<0.05);而肝囊型包虫病组与肝复发囊型包虫病组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.02,P＞0.05).IL-10在健康对照组、肝囊型包虫病组、肝复发囊型包虫病组和肝泡型包虫病组的表达分别为(3.1±0.8)、(4.3±2.0)、(4.2±1.4)和(5.5±2.2)ng/L,4组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=9.78,P<0.05);而肝囊型包虫病组与肝复发囊型包虫病组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.14,P＞0.05);TGF-β1在健康对照组、肝囊型包虫病组、肝复发囊型包虫病组和肝泡型包虫病组的表达分别为(26±7)、(37±7)、(33±9)和(38±7)μg/L,4组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=6.73,P<0.05);而3种肝包虫病组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.56,1.81,P＞0.05).Th17/Treg(IL-17/IL-10)在健康对照组、肝囊型包虫病组、肝复发囊型包虫病组和肝泡型包虫病组的表达比例分别为5.7±2.6、3.6±1.5、3.4±1.9和2.1±0.7,4组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=13.76,P<0.05);而肝囊型包虫病组与肝复发囊型包虫病组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.23,P＞0.05).血清中,IL-17和TGF-β1呈负相关(r=-0.23,P<0.05);IL-17和IL-23呈正相关(r=0.70,P<0.05);IL-10和TGF-β1呈正相关(r=0.46,P<0.05).结论 Th17/Treg相关细胞因子平衡在肝泡型和肝囊型包虫病患者中明显向Treg应答偏倚,Th17/Treg相关细胞因子失衡可能参与肝包虫所致免疫逃避.