胫后动脉穿支骨(膜)皮瓣移植修复手部复合组织缺损

Objective To study the methods and effects of repairing composite tissue defects of the hand by transfering posterior tibial artery perforator bone(periosteum) flap.Methods Nine cases of traumatic bone and soft tissue defects in the hand underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the lower leg preoperatively.According to angiography results and the anatomical characteristics, the tibial nutrient artery or osteoseptocutaneous perforator vessel of the posterior tibial artery was selected as vascular pedicle to harvest tibial artery perforator bone (periosteum) flap.The osteocutaneous flap was transferrede to repair the bone and soft tissue defect in the hand.The volume of the harvested bone ranged from 1.5 cm× 0.6 cm× 0.4 cm to 3.5 cm×0.7 cm×0.5 cm.The area of the skin flap ranged from 4.0cm×3.5cm to 7.0cm×4.0cm.Results All the composite tissue flaps survived completely.Postoperative follow-up for 3 to 18 months revealed that the fracture line disappeared in 3 to 4 months and all fractures healed.According to the TAM system of joint function assessment/provisional upper limb function evaluation standard isled by the Chinese Hand Surgery Society,88.9% of the cases achieved satisfactory results.Conclusion Transfer of posterior tibial artery perforator bone (periosteum) flap is an ideal procedure to repair composite tissue defects of the hand.No major vessel of the donor site is sacrificed.The good size match between the vessels of the donor site and recipient site makes vascular anastomosis easy.Donor site morbidity is minor.Bone healing time is short.     

胫后动脉穿支骨(膜)皮瓣移植修复手部复合组织缺损

Objective To study the methods and effects of repairing composite tissue defects of the hand by transfering posterior tibial artery perforator bone(periosteum) flap.Methods Nine cases of traumatic bone and soft tissue defects in the hand underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the lower leg preoperatively.According to angiography results and the anatomical characteristics, the tibial nutrient artery or osteoseptocutaneous perforator vessel of the posterior tibial artery was selected as vascular pedicle to harvest tibial artery perforator bone (periosteum) flap.The osteocutaneous flap was transferrede to repair the bone and soft tissue defect in the hand.The volume of the harvested bone ranged from 1.5 cm× 0.6 cm× 0.4 cm to 3.5 cm×0.7 cm×0.5 cm.The area of the skin flap ranged from 4.0cm×3.5cm to 7.0cm×4.0cm.Results All the composite tissue flaps survived completely.Postoperative follow-up for 3 to 18 months revealed that the fracture line disappeared in 3 to 4 months and all fractures healed.According to the TAM system of joint function assessment/provisional upper limb function evaluation standard isled by the Chinese Hand Surgery Society,88.9% of the cases achieved satisfactory results.Conclusion Transfer of posterior tibial artery perforator bone (periosteum) flap is an ideal procedure to repair composite tissue defects of the hand.No major vessel of the donor site is sacrificed.The good size match between the vessels of the donor site and recipient site makes vascular anastomosis easy.Donor site morbidity is minor.Bone healing time is short.     

游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣的临床研究

目的 研究膝降动脉穿支皮瓣的应用解剖及修复手部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 对10侧成人下肢尸体标本经股动脉注入红色乳胶液,解剖观测膝降动脉穿支血管在股内侧区的分布、起源等.临床应用游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损9例.皮瓣切取面积为5 cm×8 cm～6 cm×15 cm.结果 膝降动脉由股动脉在股骨内侧髁上平均(12.4±1.3) cm处发出1～3支相对恒定的皮穿支血管,营养股内侧皮瓣.临床应用9例,皮瓣完全存活,术后随访时间为6～18个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形与功能恢复满意,供区留有线条瘢痕,下肢行走功能无影响.结论 以膝降动脉穿支血管营养的股前内侧皮瓣血供可靠,质地优良,是修复手部组织缺损的良好选择.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the applied anatomy of descending genicular artery perforator flap and report the clinical results of treating hand soft tissue defects with free transfer of the flap. Methods The origin,course,distribution and outer diameter of descending genicular artery perforators,which were located at the medial thigh,were observed on 10 adult cadaveric lower extremities perfused with red latex through the femoral artery. Clinically nine cases of soft-tissue defect in the hand were treated with transfer of the descending genicular artery perforator flap. The area of the flaps ranged from 5 cm×8 cm to 6 cm×15 cm. Results The descending genicular artery originated from the femoral artery (12.4±1.3) cm above the medial condyle. It sent 1 to 3 relatively constant perforators proximally to feed skin of the medial thigh. All of 9 cases of free descending genicular artery perforator flap survived uneventfully. Follow-up of 6 to 18 months showed good texture and appearance of the flaps. Functional results were satisfactory. Only a linear scar was left at the donor site. Walking and gait was normal. Conclusion Descending genicular artery perforator flap from the medial thigh has reliable blood supply and good texture. It is a good option for repairing soft-tissue defect in the hand.     

多种骨间后动脉皮瓣修复上肢软组织缺损

目的 总结多种骨间后动脉皮瓣修复上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 2003年3月至2010年6月,对42例上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的患者,应用包括逆行皮瓣(复合组织瓣)、顺行皮瓣及游离皮瓣在内的多种骨间后动脉皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣面积为2.5 cm×2.0 cm～14.0 cm ×9.0 cm.供瓣区创面直接缝合或移植皮片修复.结果 应用传统型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复11例,改良型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复13例,骨间后动脉逆行肌腱复合瓣修复2例,骨间后动脉顺行皮瓣修复3例,骨间后动脉游离皮瓣修复7例,骨间后动脉桡背侧肌间隔穿支游离皮瓣修复6例.除了应用传统型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复的病例中有1例发生皮瓣远端部分坏死,以及1例发生骨间后神经肌支损伤外,其余皮瓣术后均未发生血管危象,也未出现骨间后神经或其肌支损伤,皮瓣均顺利成活,切口均一期愈合.32例获得1～48个月的随访,皮瓣色泽、质地及厚薄较满意,供、受区外形和功能恢复也较满意.结论 骨间后动脉皮瓣血管解剖恒定,应用形式灵活多样,是修复上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的理想选择.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the therapeutic effect of multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps for repair of soft tissue defects in the upper extremities. Methods From March 2003 to June 2010, 42 cases with soft tissue defects in the upper limbs resulting from burn and traumatic injuries were treated using multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps, including retrograde flaps and composite flaps, antegrade flaps , and free flaps. Flap size ranged from 2.5 cm× 2.0 cm-14.0 cm×9.0 cm. The defects in the donor sites were closed directly or covered by skin graft. Results The conventional retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 11 cases, the modified retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 13 cases, the retrograde posterior interosseous artery composite flaps incorporating partial extensors were used in 2 cases, the antegrade posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 3 cases, the free posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 7 cases, and the free perforator flap based on the radiodorsal septocutaneous perforator of the posterior interosseous artery were used in 6 cases. Partial necrosis happened in one case at the distal portion of the flap. Muscular branch of the posterior interosseous nerve was injuried in one case with conventional reverse posterior interosseous artery flaps. All the other flaps survived uneventually with no complication. All wounds were primarily healed. 32 cases were followed up for 1 to 48 months with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results both in the donor sites and in the recipent areas. The color,texture and thickness of the flaps were satisfied as well. Conclusions The posterior interosseous artery flap has a constant vascular anatomy and a great flexibility, which is practical and suitable for repair of soft tissue defect in the upper extremities arising from burn and traumatic injury.     

小腿前外侧岛状皮瓣修复胫骨外露的解剖研究与临床应用

目的 探讨小腿前肌间隔动脉链为蒂的岛状皮瓣修复胫骨外露的术式及手术方法.方法 40侧成人尸体下肢标本经动脉灌注红色乳胶,4侧新鲜成人尸体下肢标本动脉造影,观测小腿前肌间隔内的胫前动脉穿支与腓动脉终末前穿支的位置、走行、外径及相互吻合.临床应用小腿前外侧岛状皮瓣转位修复胫骨外露11例.男7例,女4例;年龄20～59岁,平均36岁.结果 40侧标本腓骨长度为(32.3±2.4)cm.胫前动脉发出腓浅动脉、胫前动脉下段前肌间隔穿支,与腓动脉终末前穿支在小腿前肌间隔内相互吻合,形成动脉链,这三条动脉外径分别为(1.4±0.4)mm、(1.0±0.4)mm及(1.5±0.4)mm,动脉链吻合处外径为(0.6±0.2)mm.动脉链伴腓浅神经走行,营养神经和小腿前外侧皮肤.临床应用小腿前外侧岛状皮瓣修复胫骨外露的11例中,以胫前动脉下段前肌间隔穿支为蒂2例,以胫前动脉下段前肌间隔穿支的升支为蒂3例,以胫前动脉下段前肌间隔穿支的降支为蒂3例,以腓动脉终末前穿支升支为蒂3例.皮瓣切取面积7 cm×5 cm～13 cm×5 cm.随访1～3年,平均1.5年,11例皮瓣全部成活,无破溃、臃肿.结论 根据皮肤缺损部位、面积等灵活选用小腿前肌间隔内动脉链为血管蒂,设计前外侧岛状皮瓣修复胫骨外露,术式灵活,是修复胫骨外露的理想皮瓣.

Abstract：

Objective To explore surgical methods of repairing tibial skin defect using the anterolateral crural island flap.Methods The location,external diameters,anastomosis and distribution of perforators from the anterior tibial artery and the peroneal artery in the anterior septum were observed in 40 cadaveric specimens.Arterial angiography was performed in 4 fresh legs.Clinically,11 cases with tibial skin defect were repaired with the anterolateral crural island flap.There were 7 males and 4 females,with an average of 36 years (20-59 years).The area of the skin defect ranged from 6 cm×4 cm to 12 cm×4 cm.Results An arterial chain was formed by the interconnection of the superficial peroneal artery,the anterior septocutaneous perforator from distal part of the anterior tibial artery and the anterior end-perforator of the peroneal artery.It ran in the anterior septum and went along with the superficial peroneal nerve to supply blood to adjacent fascia and skin.The external diameters of the three perforators were (1.4±0.4) mm,(1.0±0.4) mm and (1.5±0.4) mm respectively,and the external diameter of the arterial chain was (0.6±0.2) mm.Clinically,we designed 4 methods to repair 11 cases of tibial skin defect successfully with the anterolateral cnnal island flap.The anterior septocutaneous perforator from distal part of the anterior tibial artery was used as pedicle in 2 cases;ascending branch of the anterior septocutaneous perforator from distal part of the anterior tibial artery was used as pedicle in 3 cases;descending branch of the anterior septocutaneous perforator from distalpart of the anterior tibial artery was used as pedicle in 3 cases;ascending branch of the anterior end-perforator of the peroneal artery was used as pedicle in 3 cases.The area of the flaps ranged between 7 cm×5 cm and 13 cm×5 cm.All patients were followed up with a mean time of 1.5 years.All flaps survived totally without diabrosis and swelling.Conclusion The anterolateral island flaps pedicled with perforators arising from the anterior septum of the lower leg is a good choice for surgeons to repair tibial skin defect.     

足背动脉逆行岛状筋膜瓣联合植皮在甲皮瓣切取后创面修复中的应用

目的 报告应用足背动脉逆行岛状筋膜瓣联合植皮修复甲皮瓣切取后创面的方法及临床疗效.方法 对8例拇指套脱伤应用甲皮瓣移植修复后,供区创面缺损面积最大为3.5 cm×6.8 cm,最小为2.5 cm×4.9 cm.以足背动脉足底穿支为旋转点,足背动脉体表投影为轴线,在踝前设计足背动脉岛状筋膜瓣,切取足背动脉周缘筋膜组织,结扎足背动脉近端分支,逆行转移至趾切取后的创面,并在筋膜上植全厚皮片、不打包.结果 8例甲皮瓣、筋膜瓣及植皮创面全部存活,对足部血供无影响.术后随访时间为3～18个月,修复后的趾保留正常长度,外形良好,植皮区无挛缩,恢复保护性感觉,趾屈伸活动及下肢行走正常.结论 足背动脉逆行岛状筋膜瓣切取简单,便于旋转,血供丰富,且保留了趾的长度,是修复甲皮瓣切取后遗留创面理想的修复方法.

Abstract：

Objective To report the method and clinical outcomes of covering big toe defects after wrap-around flap transfer with dorsalis pedis artery reversed fascial island flap combined with skin graft. Methods Wrap-around flap transfer was used to reconstruct degloved thumbs in 8 cases,which left soft tissue defects of the big toe ranging from 2.5 cm×4.9 cm to 3.5 cm×6.8 cm. The reverse fascial island flap pedicled by the dorsalis pedis artery was designed at the anterior ankle with the plantar perforator as pivot point and the surface projection of dorsal pedis artery as axis. The fascia around the dorsalis pedis artery was included in the flap. Proximal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery were ligated and the flap was lifted and rotated to cover the big toe defect. Full-thickness skin was grafted on top of the fascial flap. Results All flaps and skin grafts survived. Blood supply of the foot was not compromised. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 18 months. The length of the donor big toes was preserved. The contour of toes repaired by flaps was good. There was no contracture of skin grafts. Protective sensation was restored. Walking and motion of the toes was normal. Conclusion Dorsalis pedis artery reversed fascial island flap is easy to harvest and rotate. It has rich blood supply. Transfer of this flap can preserve the length and contour of the big toe and therefore is an ideal method to cover donor site defects left by wrap-around flap harvest.     

胸廓内动脉穿支皮瓣修复气管造瘘口和颈前皮肤缺损

目的 探索带蒂胸廓内动脉穿支皮瓣修复气管造瘘口和颈前皮肤缺损的临床效果.方法 2009年4月至12月应用带蒂胸廓内动脉穿支皮瓣修复颈部皮肤缺损共4例,其中气管造瘘口周围缺损2例,颈部手术后皮肤缺损2例.4例均选择第2肋间穿支血管供血,皮瓣面积(4～7)cm×(10～13)cm.结果 3例皮瓣全部存活,1例发生部分坏死.供区缺损均直接拉拢关闭且无并发症.结论 带蒂胸廓内动脉穿支皮瓣是头颈部缺损修复的新技术,供区并发症低,主要适用于气管造瘘口和颈部手术后皮肤缺损.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of pedicled internal mammary artery perforator(IMAP) flap for tracheostoma and anterior cervical defect. Methods From April to December 2009, 4 IMAP flaps, based on the second internal mammary artery perforator, were used for two cases of tracheostoma and two cases of anterior cervical skin defect. The flap size was (4-7) cm× ( 10-13 )cm.Results 3 of 4 flaps survived completely. Partial necrosis happened in one flap. The defects at donor sites were closed directly. Conclusions The IMAP flap is a new method for head and neck defect. It is very suitable for tracheostoma and cervical skin defect, with less morbidity at donor site.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

应用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复足踝部复杂开放性骨折创面

目的：探讨胫后动脉穿支皮瓣在足踝部创面修复中的临床应用。方法应用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣逆行转移修复足踝部复杂开放性骨折创面6例。皮瓣切取面积：5.0 cm＆#215;6.0 cm～10.0 cm＆#215;15.0 cm。结果本组4例皮瓣全部成活,2例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经换药及游离植皮后愈合。术后随访5～24个月,皮瓣外形满意,血供良好,无感染病例发生,足踝部骨折均骨性愈合,患肢均能负重行走。结论胫后动脉穿支皮瓣具有血供良好、操作简单、皮瓣供区破坏小等优点,适合修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损。     

吻合神经的胫后动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足内踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨采用吻合神经的胫后动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣联合负压封闭引流技术修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法自2017年10月至2018年9月,对收治的9例足踝部软组织缺损患者采用吻合神经的胫后动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣联合负压封闭引流修复。缺损创面为3.0 cm×4.5 cm^6.5 cm×9.0 cm。设计胫后动脉穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣,旋转180°以大桨覆盖受区创面,小桨覆盖供区创面,并将皮瓣近端隐神经与受区周围感觉神经相吻合,恢复皮瓣感觉功能;供区拉拢缝合,继发缺损采用植皮处理,然后使用VSD材料封闭皮瓣及植皮区。结果本组共9例患者,所有皮瓣及植皮区均存活良好,血运佳,无血肿、感染、坏死等并发症发生,且伤口愈合佳,术后2周拆线。随访1~12个月,皮瓣血运及外观均较好,质地与周围皮肤相近,皮瓣感觉有不同程度地恢复,患者较满意。结论采用吻合神经的胫后动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣联合负压封闭引流修复足踝部皮肤缺损,具有不损伤主干血管,质地与周围皮肤相近,感觉恢复良好,可减少静脉回流障碍等优点,是修复足内踝部软组织缺损的较好方法。     

胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复内踝及小腿内侧创面

 目的 探讨顺行或逆行胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复内踝及小腿内侧创面的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析 2011 年 1 月至 2013 年 2 月,采用顺行或逆行胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复 13 例内踝及小腿内侧创面的患者资料,男 8 例,女 5 例;年龄 19~65 岁,平均 32 岁。创面均位于内踝及小腿内侧,5 例伴有骨、肌腱及血管外露。其中 5 例胫骨远端骨折伴血管、神经外露者,急诊行骨折内、外固定术及胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复创面;8 例无血管、神经外露者,采用真空封闭引流负压吸引后二期行皮瓣修复手术;7 例采用胫后动脉穿支蒂 V-Y 顺行推进皮瓣,6 例采用胫后动脉逆行穿支皮瓣。皮肤缺损面积为 1.5 cm×2.0 cm~9.0 cm×5.0 cm,切取皮瓣面积为 1.5 cm×3.0 cm~14.0 cm×7.0 cm。顺行皮瓣供区直接缝合,逆行皮瓣供区取腹部全厚皮片植皮修复。结果 13 例患者术后皮瓣血液循环稳定,无一例发生回流障碍,均于术后 2 周一期愈合。术后 13 例患者均获得随访,随访时间 6~24 个月,平均 13 个月。皮瓣全部一期成活,蒂部无臃肿及“猫耳”畸形,皮瓣质地柔软,外观满意,颜色与周围皮肤接近。5 例合并骨折患者术后 3~4 个月骨折临床愈合,骨折线基本消失。供区皮肤直接缝合者,术后瘢痕较小;供区游离植皮者,创面平整,无明显瘢痕增生。术后踝关节背伸 10°～25°,跖屈 15°～45°;患者均对术后疗效表示满意。结论 采用顺行或逆行胫后动脉穿支蒂岛状皮瓣具有不牺牲主干血管的优点,是修复内踝及小腿内侧创面的一种简单、有效的治疗方法。     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复胫前皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对14例胫前皮肤、软组织缺损伴骨外露患者,应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复,皮瓣切取面积14cm×6cm～23cm×12cm,供区直接缝合或以全厚皮片植皮修复。结果术后14例皮瓣全部存活,创面一期愈合,术后随访3～24个月(平均8个月),皮瓣质地优良,无溃疡发生,8例获保护性感觉,骨折愈合后下肢可负重行走。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣是修复胫前皮肤、软组织缺损的有效方法。     

穿支皮瓣修复四肢创面临床应用56例

目的 探讨应用穿支皮瓣修复四肢创面的临床效果。方法 自2016年11月至2018年10月,采用股前外侧穿支皮瓣(ALTP)、腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣(DIEP)、骨间后动脉穿支皮瓣(PIAP)、胸背动脉穿支皮瓣(TDAP)、腓肠内侧动脉穿支皮瓣(MSAP)、桡侧副动脉穿支皮瓣(RCAP)游离移植修复四肢创面56例,软组织缺损面积1.5 cm×1.5 cm~ 10.0 cm×24.0 cm,皮瓣切取面积2.0 cm×2.0 cm~ 11.0 cm×25.0 cm。供区均直接缝合关闭。术后观察皮瓣成活与创面愈合情况,定期随访皮瓣外观、质地、肢体功能恢复及皮瓣供区外形及功能。结果 1例DIEP移植术后第3天发生静脉危象,经手术探查重新吻合静脉后成活,皮瓣远端部分表皮坏死,经换药治疗后愈合;其余55例皮瓣均顺利成活,皮瓣受区与供区创口均一期愈合。术后6~ 18个月随访,皮瓣颜色正常,质地柔软,肢体功能恢复良好,皮瓣供区仅残留线形瘢痕,功能无影响。结论 穿支皮瓣修复四肢创面疗效可靠,可以推广应用。     

游离胸背动脉穿支皮瓣桥式移植修复小腿软组织缺损

目的总结游离胸背动脉穿支皮瓣或肌瓣桥式移植修复小腿软组织缺损的临床应用效果。方法自2006年9月至2009年1月,应用游离胸背动脉穿支皮瓣或肌瓣桥式移植修复小腿软组织缺损11例,缺损范围4cm×8cm至8cm×22cm。皮瓣切取连带肩胛下与旋肩胛血管,血管蒂呈T形,与健侧小腿胫后动脉行端端吻合,血管蒂用中厚网状游离植皮覆盖。结果除1例术后皮瓣远端发生小的表浅感染,经换药后愈合外,本组皮瓣全部成活。术后随访9个月至3.6年(平均2.9年),没有发现明显的供区功能障碍,供区与受区外形较好,健侧小腿经临床观察与Doppler检查,胫后动脉通畅。结论本方法适用于修复四肢软组织缺损后,患者仅存1条主要动脉者;行桥式游离胸背动脉穿支皮瓣或肌瓣移植不损伤健侧小腿胫后动脉,降低了对供区的损伤。     

穿支皮瓣修复（坶）甲瓣供区皮肤缺损

目的 报道胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣修复（坶）甲瓣供区的临床效果.方法 对25例（坶）甲瓣供区皮肤缺损患者,设计并切取游离胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣切取面积为8 cm×3 cm～10 cm×5 cm.结果 应用胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣修复（坶）甲瓣供区创面25例,均顺利成活.随访6～24个月,皮瓣质地柔软,弹性及耐磨性好,色泽接近正常,供受区功能与外观良好.结论 胫前、后动脉穿支皮瓣是精细化修复（坶）甲瓣供区创面的一种有效方法.     

游离骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣在手部软组织缺损中的应用

目的探讨应用游离骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损的方法和临床效果。方法 2008年5月至2011年4月,对8例手部中小面积皮肤缺损患者,应用游离骨间背侧动脉穿支皮瓣进行修复,以前臂后侧皮神经重建感觉,皮肤缺损面积为3.0 cm×1.5 cm～7.5 cm×3.0 cm,采用端端或端侧吻合法。结果 8例皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣外观及手部功能均良好,供区仅留线状瘢痕。结论以骨间背侧动脉为轴心血管的穿支皮瓣具有血供可靠、切取方便、质地优良、供区损伤小等特点是修复手部中小面积缺损的较好方法。     

胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面

目的探讨胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面的疗效。方法2014年10月-2018年10月,收治18例足踝部创面患者。男12例,女6例。年龄8~56岁,平均32.8岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤11例,高处坠落伤3例,重物砸伤4例。创面部位:足背部9例,足跟4例,外踝5例。受伤至皮瓣修复时间7~34 d,平均19 d。创面范围6.0 cm×2.5 cm^11.0 cm×6.0 cm。采用大小为6 cm×3 cm^18 cm×7 cm的腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面,其供区以胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣(8 cm×3 cm^16 cm×6 cm)修复。结果术后1例腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣出现瘀血肿胀,经对症处理后成活。其余皮瓣均顺利成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。18例患者均获随访,随访时间6~15个月,平均12.5个月。末次随访时,两皮瓣外形、色泽、质地和厚度与受区基本一致,供区仅遗留线性瘢痕。腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣两点辨别觉为10~12 mm,平均11 mm。根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)评分评价,获优15例、良3例,优良率为100%。结论应用胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面,不需要牺牲主干血管,还能避免供区植皮,踝关节功能恢复满意。     

非恒定蒂胫后动脉链式穿支皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的新方法。方法应用非恒定蒂胫后动脉链式穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损32例,术前应用多普勒血流仪探测胫后动脉皮支位置,利用各皮支形成的链式供血方式,选择距创面直线距离最近的皮支点做为旋转点切取皮瓣修复创面。结果经1.5个月～2年的随访,所有皮瓣均成活良好,外观满意,无手术并发症。结论非恒定蒂胫后动脉链式穿支皮瓣不受蒂部位置的限制,切取灵活方便,符合以最小的供区代价换取最佳的修复效果的基本原则,是一种修复小腿及足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的理想术式。