超选择动脉溶栓治疗80岁以上脑梗死的安全性及疗效评估-两中心研究

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy on elderly patients (≥ 80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke, received intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy, were retrospectively analyzed; according to age differences, these patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old, n=21) and common age group (<80 years old, n=65); and control group (≥80 years old, not receiving thrombolytic therapy, n=50) was established. The recanalization rate and early clinical improvement rate, and the incidence, recover rate and death rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were evaluated in these patients after treatment. Results No significant differences in the favorite recanalization rate and short-term outcome, and the incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage were noted between the advanced age group and common age group (P=0.528, P=0.102,P=0.353). The incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P=0.034); the recover rate of symptom ntracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group (42.9%) was obviously lower than that in the common age group (50.8%), but significantly higher than that in the control group (16%, P=0.042, P=0.017). The mortality of the advanced age group was similar to that of the control group (23.8% versus 28%, P=0.816), but higher than that of common age group (23.8% versus 10.8%, P=0.034). Conclusion Relatively high feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy are noted in elderly patients (≥80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in very elderly patients should not be avoided but pursued advisably.     

超选择动脉溶栓治疗80岁以上脑梗死的安全性及疗效评估-两中心研究

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy on elderly patients (≥ 80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke. Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with acute ischemic stroke, received intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy, were retrospectively analyzed; according to age differences, these patients were divided into advanced age group (≥80 years old, n=21) and common age group (<80 years old, n=65); and control group (≥80 years old, not receiving thrombolytic therapy, n=50) was established. The recanalization rate and early clinical improvement rate, and the incidence, recover rate and death rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were evaluated in these patients after treatment. Results No significant differences in the favorite recanalization rate and short-term outcome, and the incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage were noted between the advanced age group and common age group (P=0.528, P=0.102,P=0.353). The incidence of symptom intracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P=0.034); the recover rate of symptom ntracranial hemorrhage in the advanced age group (42.9%) was obviously lower than that in the common age group (50.8%), but significantly higher than that in the control group (16%, P=0.042, P=0.017). The mortality of the advanced age group was similar to that of the control group (23.8% versus 28%, P=0.816), but higher than that of common age group (23.8% versus 10.8%, P=0.034). Conclusion Relatively high feasibility, safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy are noted in elderly patients (≥80 years old) with acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that the use of intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy in very elderly patients should not be avoided but pursued advisably.     

The intra-neuroendoscopic technique: a new method for rapid removal of acute severe intraventricular hematoma

The mortality rate of acute severe intraventricular hematoma is extremely high, and the rate of disability in survivors is high. Intraventricular hematoma has always been a difficult problem for clinical treatment. Although minimally invasive endoscopic hematoma evacuation is widely used to treat this disease, the technique still has room for improvement. Equipment for the intra-neuroendoscopic technique(INET) consists of two of our patented inventions: a transparent sheath(Patent No. ZL 200820046232.0) and a hematoma aspirator(Patent No. ZL 201520248717.8). This study explored the safety and efficacy of INET by comparing it with extraventricular drainage in combination with urokinase thrombolytic therapy. This trial recruited 65 patients with severe intraventricular hemorrhage, including 35(19 men and 16 women, aged 53.2 ± 8.7 years) in the INET group and 30(17 men and 13 women, aged 51.5 ± 7.9 years) in the control group(extraventricular drainage plus urokinase thrombolytic therapy). Our results showed that compared with the control group, the INET group exhibited lower intraventricular hemorrhage volumes, shorter intensive care-unit monitoring and ventricular drainage-tube placement times, and fewer incidences of intracranial infection, secondary bleeding, and mortality. Thus, the prognosis of survivors had improved remarkably. These findings indicate that INET is a safe and efficient new method for treating severe intraventricular hematoma. This trial was registered with Clinical Trials.gov(NCT02515903).     

Behavioral problems and related factors in children of different aged patients with schizophrenia——A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: With the age growing, changes of behavioral problems in children whose parents had schizophrenia, differences of related factors and ways for particular intervention should be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To survey the behavioral problems in children of different aged patients with chizophrenia and investigate the correlation between behavioral problems and related factors in different aged groups. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Shandong Mental Health Center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 364 patients with schizophrenia were selected from eleven psychiatric hospitals from June 1999 to June 2000. There were 179 males and 185 females, and their ages ranged from 28 to 45 years. All patients met modified diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia (the second edition), China Classification of Mental Diseases and Diagnostic Criteria. Meanwhile, children of the 364 patients were grouped based on their ages, including 6–11 years old group [n =217; 114 males and 103 females; mean age of (9±2) years] and 12–16 years old group [n =147; 99 males and 48 females; mean age of (14±1) years]. The Chinese norms of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were regarded as the normal control group. METHODS: Children who received self-made mental health related factors inventory and Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List were involved in this study. All children and their parents provided the confirmed consent. Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List was used for parents to mainly evaluate children, and the results manifested various behavioral problems based on different sexes and different ages. Self-made mental health related factors inventory contained questionnaires for parents and children, respectively. In this study, home situation of parents as well as personality characteristics and educational styles of children were mainly evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Scores of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List in different aged children; ② Scores of self-made mental health related factors inventory based on different home situations and educational styles. RESULTS: Children of 364 patients were involved in the final analysis. ① There were no significant differences in total score of Achenbach's Child Behavior Check List and sex in the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in schizoid, body recount, aggression, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of boys between the 6–11 years old group and the normal control group (P < 0.05–0.01). In addition, there were also significant differences in poor communication, depression, hyperactivity, violating discipline, compulsion and total abnormal rate of girls between the 6–11 years old group and the normal control group (P < 0.05–0.01). ② As compared with normal control group, scores of home environment in the two aged groups demonstrated that educational level was low; interpersonal relationship was poor; relation to children was not closed; relationship between husband and wife was not harmonious; positive rate of family history was high; economic status was poor; family atmosphere was poor. Therefore, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). Educational level in parental generation and single parent family in the 6–11 years old group were higher than that in the 12–16 years old group, with significant difference (P < 0.05). As compared with the normal control group, results of education demonstrated that children in the two aged groups had poor communication with other children; they had poor behaviors in schools; most of them were boarded and had poor relationship with their parents; teaching styles for children were different. CONCLUSION: All children of different aged patients with schizophrenia had poor home environment and education; and they were often affected by other factors. Behavioral problems were changed with the age growing; in addition, these changes were related to home environment, education and society. Therefore, comprehensive intervention may be an ideal method.     

Treatment of Serious Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage with CT-location Drill-crandum Smashing-draw and Analysis of Prognosis Factors

Objective: To study curative effect of CT-location drill-cranium smashing-draw and affective pregniosis factors for serious hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HIH). Methods :15 cases of serious HIH(group A)were treated with CT-location drill-cranium smashing-draw ,other 15 patients treated (group B)were treated with medicine only as controls. Results: The curative rate (20%) anis improvable rate (33.3%)in group A were higher than that of (6.7% and 26.7%)in group B (P＜0. 001). The mortality rate (46.7%)in group A was lower than that of (66.6%)in group B significantly (P＜0.001). Conclusions: The efffect of the therapy was satisfactory The higher or lower of the mortality rate was closely related to operative time 、 m-hemorrhage 、 location and range of the hemotoma     

Evaluation of modified hemodilution combined therapy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the elderly

BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis therapy is not suitable for the elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who delayed to be diagnosed for more than 3 hours, but traditional medicine is also not very ideal.OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of modified hemodilution combined therapy applied in elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis and analyze the mechanism of this therapeutic method.DESIGN: 1:1 paired grouping according to gender and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University.PARTICIPANTS Totally 90 elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who received the treatment in the Cadre Ward and Mental Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from March 1996 to June 2004 were recruited. They all met the diagnosis criteria revised by the Fourth Academic Conference of National Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and were diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke by skull CT. They were informed of therapeutic plan and detected items.According to 1:1 paired principle in gender, 90 enrolled patients were assigned into treated group (n=45)and control group (n=45). There were 39 male and 6 female in the treatment group, and they were aged (76±6)years, ranging from 71 to 84 years, and hospitalized at the 14th to 76th hours after onset. There were 39 male and 6 female in the control group, and they were aged (76±6)years , ranging from 70 to 82years, and hospitalized at the 16th to 72th hours after onset.METHODS: Therapeutic method: Patients of treated group received modified hemodilution combined therapy.200 mL whole blood of patients was exchanged with 500 mL dextran-40 (including 20 mL danshen parenteral solution and 32 mg heparin) at the beginning of therapy; From the 2nd day, compound huangqi tea bag (Huangqi mainly, including danshen, honghua, chuanxiong, shishao and a little acetyl salicylic acid) was made, twice a day, 1 bag once. At the same time, the above-mentioned dextran-40 liquid of 500 mL was intravenously injected, once a day, 14 days in total; On the 6th day after therapy, the above-mentioned aseptic autoblood stored in refrigerator at 4 ℃ was transfused back into the patients following pre-treatment of high-concentration oxygenation and ultraviolet irradiation by light quantum instrument. Patients of control group were intravenously injected of 0.4 g venoruton(Traditional Chinese medicine compound parenteral solution for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis ) and 50 g/L glucose of 500 mL, 75 mg coagulation index, change of platelet aggregation rate and change of hemorrheology of patients in two groups were monitored before and after therapy. The level of blood lipid of patients in two groups was measured with American Beckman automatic biochemistry analyzer. Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of resting electrocardiogram were measured with American HP SONOS 2500 sonoscope. Neuro-dysfunction score revised in the national conference (1995) was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological function effect were observed at the same time.effect of drug.RESULTS: Totally 90 patients were enrolled in the experiment. One patient from treated group died of hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma of complicated diabetes mellitus. One patient from control group died ulation index and platelet aggregation rate: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) of patients after therapy were significantly longer than those before therapy in the treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (18.4±1.9),(41.8±2.1), (19.7±1.7)s, Before therapy in treated group: (13.4±1.3), (35.8±1.3), (12.5±0.9)s, After therapy in control group: (16.9±1.5), (39.1±1.1), (11.9±2.1) s, P ＜ 0.05] ;Concentration of fibrinogen (Fbg) after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy in the treated group and that after therapy in control group[After therapy in treated group: (3.4±0.4) g/L; Before therapy in treated group: (4.3±0.7) g/L;After therapy in control group:(4.0±0.6) g/L; P ＜ 0.05]. Platelet aggregation rate decreased from (37.92of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol(TG) and Iow density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients after therapy were significantly lower than those before therapy in treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (5.2±0.9), (1.9±0.9), (2.08±1.1) mmol/L, before therapy in treated group:(5.9±1.2), (2.8±0.9), (3.94±0.5) mmol/L, After therapy in control group: (6.0±1.1), (2.6±0.8), (3.84±0.9) mmol/L,after therapy than before therapy [Before therapy: (43.84±4.55)% ;After therapy: (40.48±4.02)% ;P ＜ 0.05].cantly lower than of control group 14 days after therapy. The total effective rate after therapy was signifiadverse effect.CONCLUSION: Modified hemodilution combined therapy can improve hemorheology, decrease hematocrit,increase blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery, so as to improve the impaired clinical neurological function of elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis through anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregative activity as well as regulating blood lipid.BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis therapy is not suitable for the elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who delayed to be diagnosed for more than 3 hours, but traditional medicine is also not very ideal.OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of modified hemodilution combined therapy applied in elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis and analyze the mechanism of this therapeutic method.DESIGN: 1:1 paired grouping according to gender and controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 90 elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke who received the treatment in the Cadre Ward and Mental Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, Chengzhanyuan District, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University from March 1996 to June 2004 were recruited. They all met the diagnosis criteria revised by the Fourth Academic Conference of National Cerebrovascular Diseases in 1995 and were diagnosed as acute ischemic stroke by skull CT. They were informed of therapeutic plan and detected items.According to 1:1 paired principle in gender, 90 enrolled patients were assigned into treated group (n=45)and control group (n=45). There were 39 male and 6 female in the treatment group, and they were aged (76±6)years, ranging from 71 to 84 years, and hospitalized at the 14th to 76th hours after onset. There were 39 male and 6 female in the control group, and they were aged (76±6)years , ranging from 70 to 82years, and hospitalized at the 16th to 72th hours after onset.METHODS: Therapeutic method: Patients of treated group received modified hemodilution combined therapy.200 mL whole blood of patients was exchanged with 500 mL dextran-40 (including 20 mL danshen parenteral solution and 32 mg heparin) at the beginning of therapy; From the 2nd day, compound huangqi tea bag (Huangqi mainly, including danshen, honghua, chuanxiong, shishao and a little acetyl salicylic acid) was made, twice a day, 1 bag once. At the same time, the above-mentioned dextran-40 liquid of 500 mL was intravenously injected, once a day, 14 days in total; On the 6th day after therapy, the above-mentioned aseptic autoblood stored in refrigerator at 4 ℃ was transfused back into the patients following pre-treatment of high-concentration oxygenation and ultraviolet irradiation by light quantum instrument. Patients of control group were intravenously injected of 0.4 g venoruton(Traditional Chinese medicine compound parenteral solution for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis ) and 50 g/L glucose of 500 mL, 75 mg acetosal was taken orally, once a day, 14 days in total. ② Measurement and observation of index: Blood coagulation index, change of platelet aggregation rate and change of hemorrheology of patients in two groups were monitored before and after therapy. The level of blood lipid of patients in two groups was measured with American Beckman automatic biochemistry analyzer. Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of resting electrocardiogram were measured with American HP SONOS 2500 sonoscope. Neuro-dysfunction score revised in the national conference (1995) was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological function of the patients in two groups at the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days after therapy. ③Therapeutic effect and adverse effect were observed at the same time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of coagulation index, blood lipid level and hemorheology; ② Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery and NDS of patients with acute ischemic stroke in two groups; ③Adverse effect of drug.RESULTS: Totally 90 patients were enrolled in the experiment. One patient from treated group died of hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma of complicated diabetes mellitus. One patient from control group died of severe pulmonary infection. The rest 88 patients entered the stage of result analysis. ① Change of coagulation index and platelet aggregation rate: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) of patients after therapy were significantly longer than those before therapy in the treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (18.4±1.9),(41.8±2.1), (19.7±1.7)s, Before therapy in treated group: (13.4±1.3), (35.8±1.3), (12.5±0.9)s, After therapy in control group: (16.9±1.5), (39.1±1.1), (11.9±2.1) s, P ＜ 0.05] ;Concentration of fibrinogen (Fbg) after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy in the treated group and that after therapy in control group[After therapy in treated group: (3.4±0.4) g/L; Before therapy in treated group: (4.3±0.7) g/L;After therapy in control group:(4.0±0.6) g/L; P ＜ 0.05]. Platelet aggregation rate decreased from (37.92±0.85)% before therapy to (26.42±1.01)% after therapy (P ＜ 0.01). ②Change of blood lipid level: Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol(TG) and Iow density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients after therapy were significantly lower than those before therapy in treated group and those after therapy in control group [After therapy in treated group: (5.2±0.9), (1.9±0.9), (2.08±1.1) mmol/L, before therapy in treated group:(5.9±1.2), (2.8±0.9), (3.94±0.5) mmol/L, After therapy in control group: (6.0±1.1), (2.6±0.8), (3.84±0.9) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05]. ③ Change of hemorheology index: Hematocrit of patients of treated group was significantly lower after therapy than before therapy [Before therapy: (43.84±4.55)% ;After therapy: (40.48±4.02)% ;P ＜ 0.05].④ Blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of patients of treated group was significantly lower before therapy than after therapy [(90±1.2), (97±2.1) cm/s,P ＜ 0.01]. ⑤ NDS of patients in treated group was significantly lower than of control group 14 days after therapy. The total effective rate after therapy was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group (93%,78%, P ＜ 0.05). ⑥There was no obvious adverse effect.CONCLUSION: Modified hemodilution combined therapy can improve hemorheology, decrease hematocrit,increase blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery, so as to improve the impaired clinical neurological function of elderly patients with acute cerebral thrombosis through anticoagulation and antiplatelet aggregative activity as well as regulating blood lipid.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素分析

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素. 方法 选择行DSA检查的334例缺血性脑血管病患者,根据颈内动脉颅外段血管走行分为血管折曲组(血管成角小于90°定义为血管折曲,110例)和血管无折曲组(血管成角大于90°或盘曲成环状定义为血管无折曲,224例),根据患者年龄分为青年组(18～45岁)、中年组(46～64岁)和老年组(≥65岁).对于可能影响患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的影响因素,如性别、年龄、身高、颈动脉狭窄程度和脑血管病危险因素等进行统计学分析. 结果 单因素分析发现,患者年龄、高血压病史、吸烟史、酗酒史、身高、性别比例在血管折曲组和血管无折曲组中差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);logistic回归分析显示,高血压病史(OR=2.546,95%CI:1.376～4.712,P=0.003)、年龄(以18～45岁为参照组,46～64岁组OR=2.610,95%CI:1.056～6.452,P=0.038;≥65岁组OR=2.929,95%CI:1.159～7.401,P=0.023)与患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲有明显相关性. 结论 高血压病史和年龄是缺血性脑血管病患者颈内动脉颅外段血管折曲的重要影响因素.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of kinking of extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) in patients with transient ischemic attack. Methods Three hundred and thirty-four patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease performed digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were chosen; they were divided into 2 groups according to vascular morphology through DSA detection: kinking group (angulation smaller than 90°, n=110) and non-kinking group (angulation larger than 90°, n=224). According to the age, the patients were divided into youth group (18-45 years old),middle age group (46-64 years old) and elderly group (older than 65 years old). The influencing factors which may be related to the kinking of EICA, including gender, age, height and stenosis degree, and the risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases were statistically analyzed. Results Univariate analysis found that the kinking group and non-kinking group on the ratio of age, gender, height, and histories of hypertension, smoking and drinking were significantly different (P＜0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the kinking of EICA was obviously correlated to the history of hypertension (OR=2.546, 95% CI: 1.376-4.712, P=0.003) and age (taking youth group as reference group, middle age group:OR=2.610, 95% CI: 1.056-6.452, P=0.038, elderly group: OR=2.929, 95% CI: 1.159-7.401, P=0.023).Conclusion The history of hypertension and age are identified as independent predictors for kinking of EICA in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.     

Effect of six-month standardized tertiary rehabilitation program on the activities of dally living in stroke patients with hemiplegia

BACKGROUND: At present, there are many studies on the rehabilitation therapy of stroke patients with hemiplegia, but there is deficiency of corresponding standardized rehabilitation program. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of standardized tertiary rehabilitation on the activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia within 6 months after attack. DESIGN: A clinical observation. SETTING: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-two outpatients and inpatients with acute stroke were selected from the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Huashan Hosptial from January 1999 to June 2003, including 49 males and 33 females, 40–80 years of age, with a mean age of (65±11) years old. Inclusive criteria: According to the diagnostic standards for cerebrovascular diseases set by Fourth National Academic Meeting for Cerebrovascular Disease in 1995, the patients were diagnosed as new attack of cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage, and confirmed by CT or MRI to be initial patients; They should be accorded with the following conditions, including within 1 week after stabilization of life signs, Glasgow coma score > 8 points, 40–80 years of age, with disturbance of limb function. Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. Exclusive criteria: Patients were excluded due to active liver disease, liver and kidney malfunction, congestive heart failure, malignant tumor, history of dementia, failure in respiratory function, tetraplegia; cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage for more than 3 weeks; unable to be followed up due to in other cities and provinces; psychiatric history; deafness and muteness. According to the will of the patients or their relatives, the patients who accepted the standardized rehabilitation program were enrolled as the treatment group (n =42), and the others as the control group (n =40). Approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the hospital. METHODS: All the patients were given routine therapies of internal medicine after admission. According to the conditions of Brunnstom recovery 6-phase evaluation, the patients in the treatment group were trained with the pre-designed comprehensive standardized rehabilitation program for corresponding period. At early period (within about 1 month after attack), the patients received rehabilitative interventions in the Department of Emergency or Department of Neurology, once a day, 45 minutes for each time, 5 times a week; At middle period (about 1–3 months after attack), the patients received rehabilitative interventions in the rehabilitation ward or center, once to twice a day, 30–45 minutes for each time, 4–5 days a week; At late period (about 3–6 months after attack), the patients received rehabilitative intervention mainly assisted by rehabilitation physician in the community, relatives and volunteers, 3–4 times a week, and they were followed in the house or outpatient department once every two weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were evaluated blindly by the same rehabilitation physician using scale of modified Barthel index at admission and 1, 3 and 6 months after attack respectively. RESULTS: Totally 82 patients with acute stroke were enrolled, and 3 cases in the treatment group missed, including 2 cases died at 1 month after admission, and 1 case refused the follow up 10 days later, all the others were involved in the analysis of results. The scores of modified Barthel index at corresponding time points after admission in the treatment group were all obviously higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01), and the score differences were also obviously higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The activities of daily living at admission and 1, 3 and 6 months after admission in the treatment group were 22.50%, 46.43%, 75.95% and 89.52% of that of normal people respectively, and those in the control group were 17.09%, 25.77%, 43.38% and 55.00% respectively. The activities of daily living at admission and 1, 3 and 6 months in the treatment group were 131.66%, 180.17%, 175.08% and 162.76% of those in the control group. As compared with at admission, the percentage of the score difference to the total score at the ends of the 1st, 3rd and 6th months were 23.93%, 53.45% and 67.02% in the treatment group, while 8.67%, 25.36% and 36.98% in the control group. CONCLUSION: Standardized tertiary rehabilitation can obviously promote the activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia.     

超高龄自发性脑出血临床分析

目的 探讨超高龄自发性脑出血的临床特点、危险因素、治疗方案与疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年9月至2010年10月收治的35例超高龄(≥80岁)脑出血患者的一般资料、治疗方式、效果及预后.结果 保守治疗31例(88%),开颅手术治疗4例(11%);住院期间并发症发生率97%(34/35),死亡率11%(4/35),其余31例出院时GOS评分2～5分(3.25±1.44).门诊及电话随访3-6个月,死亡6例.结论 超高龄自发性脑出血与非超高龄在出血部位、临床特点、治疗方式等方面有较大的不同,手术指征应个体化设计,治疗方式以保守治疗为主.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors and therapy of extremely elder patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data , therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of 35 extremely elder patients( ≥80 years old) with intracerebral hemorrhage in our hospital from September 2009 to October 2010 were reviewed.Results 31 cases (88%) received conservative treatment, 4 cases( 11% ) received craniotomy.The incidence of complications was 97% (34/35), and the mortality was 11% (4/35).The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were ranged from 2 to 5 (3.25 ± 1.44) in 31 discharged patients.6 cases were died during follow - up period (3 - 6 months ) .Conclusions Compared with elder patients, the clinical characteristics, site of hemorrhage and therapy of extremely elder patients with intracerebral hemorrhage are specific.For their treatment, conservative method should be prefered.     

抗心磷脂抗体与脑梗死关系的研究

目的 探讨抗心磷脂抗体(anti-eardiolipin antibodies,ACA)与脑梗死的关系.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测150例脑梗死患者发病后3d内血清ACA阳性率,并与进展性脑梗死组、脑出血组及正常对照组比较.结果 进展性脑梗死组ACA阳性率(60.8%)高于腩梗死组(48%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).脑梗死组ACA阳性率(48%)明显高于脑出血组(21.8%)、正常对照组(17.2%),差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).脑出血组ACA阳性率(21.8%)虽高于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).进一步分析脑梗死组及进展性脑梗死组中年龄<50岁患者的ACA阳性率(59%)高于年龄>50岁患者(46%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 脑梗死患者急性期ACA阳性率高,尤其是年龄<50岁者,提示ACA的升高与脑梗死的形成关系密切,对于脑梗死疾病的发生及预后可能具有预测意义,从而对临床早期干预起一定的指导作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relationship between anti-cardiolipin antibodys(ACA)and cerebral infarction (CI).Methods The positive rate of serum ACA were detemined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in 150 patients with CI at thirth day after the onset of the disease.The results were compared with progression CI group,intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)group and nomal control group.Results The positive rate of ACA in progression CI group (60.8%)was higher than CI group(48%)(P<0.05).The positive rate of ACA in CI group(48%)wag significantly higher than ICH(21.8%)and nomal control group(17.2%)(P<0.01).The positive rate of ACA in ICH group was higher than nomal control group,but there wa8 no statistical significance(P>0.05).The patients with CI and progression CI under 50 years old had hisher positive rate of ACA than the patients over 50 years old(P<0.01).Conclusions High positive rate of ACA appeares at acute phase of CI and in the patients under 50 years old.There is close relationship between anti-eardiolipin antibodys and cerebral infarction.It would forecast with disease and it,s prognosis and would guide to the early intervention.     

高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中早期阿替普酶静脉溶栓疗效观察

目的 探讨高龄轻型缺血性卒中3 h内行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的疗效及安全性。 方法 将我院2015年10月-2017年10月连续收治入院的发病3 h内48例高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中患者 随机分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓组24例和未溶栓组24例。比较两组患者入院时的一般情况,基线美国 国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NHISS）评分,治疗24 h后颅内出 血转化率,治疗后90 d改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分及90 d病死率。 结果 阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和未溶栓组患者一般临床资料、基线NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意 义。阿替普酶静脉溶栓组和未溶栓组治疗24 h后颅内出血转化率分别为4.17%和0（P =1.000）,两组 90 d病死率均为4.17%（P =1.000）,阿替普酶静脉溶栓组及未溶栓组90 d mRS评分为0～2分的比率 分别为83.33%和54.17%（P =0.029）。 结论 早期阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗高龄急性轻型缺血性卒中不增加急性期颅内出血转化的风险, 可以改善高龄轻型缺血性卒中患者预后,不增加病死率。     

Acute stroke management in the elderly

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Though the proportion of elderly stroke patients is increasing, patients >80 years are often excluded from clinical stroke trials. We reviewed the management of older patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and assessed the safety and efficacy of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) administration in a community-based setting. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients >80 years (n = 341) admitted to a community stroke center with AIS were compared to their younger counterparts (n = 690) using the stroke center database from April 2003 to December 2005. Parameters that were measured included admission and discharge NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), rate of thrombolytic treatment, the frequency and etiology of thrombolytic exclusion criteria and complications from rtPA for the different aged populations. Additional data were collected for Barthel Index at 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 166 patients underwent thrombolysis. Older patients were not delayed in reaching the hospital within 3 h of stroke onset (182/690, 26%, in the <80 cohort vs. 98/341, 29%, in the > or = 80 cohort). Although the overall rates of tPA use were similar in both the young and aged cohort, older patients were less likely to be treated with rtPA because of reasons not listed as exclusion criteria (17% in the <80 cohort vs. 32% in the > or = 80 cohort).The older group did not have an excess risk of intracranial hemorrhage following rtPA infusion despite equivalent NIHSS on admission (13.5 in the <80 cohort vs. 12.4 in the > or = 80 cohort). Both groups showed improvement in NIHSS following thrombolytic treatment with a drop of 7.7 points in the younger age group and 5.6 points in the older group. Elderly patients treated with rtPA had a comparable 12-month modified Barthel Index score to younger cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with rtPA in patients >80 years appears to be both safe and efficacious. Treated patients showed improvements both acutely (a decrease in NIHSS at 72 h) and chronically, as shown by a sustained improvement in the Barthel Index. A large number of elderly patients were excluded from rtPA treatment despite arriving within the time frame of treatment for reasons not considered as traditional exclusion criteria. Older patients with AIS can be treated safely with thrombolytic therapy in a community setting. This therapy should not be withheld on the basis of age.     

Optimal intensity of warfarin therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation : a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. Japanese Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation-Embolism Secondary Prevention Cooperative Study Group

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal intensity of warfarin therapy for secondary prevention of stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) remains unclear. We studied the efficacy and safety of conventional- and low-intensity warfarin therapy in a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial. METHODS: The study population consisted of patients with NVAF (<80 years old) who had a stroke or transient ischemic attack. The patients were randomly allocated into a conventional-intensity group (international normalized ratio [INR] 2.2 to 3.5) and a low-intensity group (INR 1.5 to 2.1). They were carefully monitored, and the annual rate of recurrent ischemic stroke and major hemorrhagic complications were compared between the groups. RESULTS: We enrolled 115 patients (mean age 66.7+/-6.5 years) into the study. Fifty-five and 60 patients were allocated into the conventional- and low-intensity groups, respectively. The trial was stopped after a follow-up of 658+/-423 days, when major hemorrhagic complications occurred in 6 patients of the conventional-intensity group and the frequency (6.6% per year) was significantly higher than that in the low-intensity group (0% per year, P=0.01, Fisher's exact test). All of the 6 patients with major bleeding were elderly (mean age 74 years), and their mean INR before the major hemorrhage was 2.8. The annual rate of ischemic stroke was low in both groups (1.1% per year in the conventional-intensity group and 1.7% per year in the low-intensity groups) and did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: For secondary prevention of stroke in persons with NVAF, especially in old patients, the low-intensity warfarin (INR 1.5 to 2. 1) treatment seems to be safer than the conventional-intensity (INR 2.2 to 3.5) treatment.     

急性缺血性卒中围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的静脉溶栓研究

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的患者进行静脉溶栓治疗的临 床特征及预后分析。 方法 前瞻性纳入绵阳市中心医院2013年10月-2018年6月连续登记的发病4.5 h内进行静脉溶栓的 患者,以实施静脉溶栓时NIHSS评分较入院时NIHSS评分上下波动2分作为临床症状波动判断标准,将 所有纳入患者分为无变化组、波动组。分析比较两组患者的临床特征及24 h出血转化率、出院NIHSS 评分、3个月预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）和全因死亡率,多因素Logistic回归分析围静脉溶栓时间窗发生 临床症状波动的影响因素。 结果 共纳入156例,其中男性110例（70.5%）,年龄范围42～87岁,平均65±13岁,发生围静脉 溶栓时间窗临床症状波动41例（26.3%）。与无变化组患者相比,波动组患者年龄、基线NIHSS评 分、糖尿病比例、高血压比例、随机血糖水平、后循环梗死比例较高,差异均具有统计学意义。两 组患者的24 h出血转化率、出院NI HSS评分、3个月良好预后率、3个月时全因死亡率差异无统计学意 义。Logistic回归分析发现年龄（每增加10岁：OR 1.143,95%CI 1.016～1.836,P =0.040）、基线NIHSS 评分（每增加1分：OR 1.353,95%CI 1.053～1.393,P =0.006）、随机血糖（每增加1 mmol/L：OR 2.120, 95%CI 1.185～2.748,P =0.001）、后循环梗死（OR 2.603,95%CI 1.037～3.950,P =0.042）是围静脉 溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的独立危险因素。 结论 尽管高龄、NIHSS评分高、血糖水平高、后循环梗死患者容易出现围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症 状波动,但对终点事件并无影响。对于出现临床症状波动的患者,溶栓可使患者获益。     

急性脑梗死患者多模式CT指导下的静脉溶栓治疗

目的 对发病3～9 h内的急性脑梗死患者,应用多模式CT指导下静脉rt-PA溶栓治疗,研究其疗效.方法 2007年8月至2009年5月于我院就诊,经多模式CT筛选出符合溶栓的患者27例.分为＞3～6 h组及7～9 h组,记录溶栓前、后的NIHSS、mRS及BI评分,症状性出血率和病死率.结果 27例样本中20例(74.1%)患者溶栓治疗有效,11例(40.7%)临床结局良好,5例(18.5%)血管完全再通,症状性出血1例(3.7%).其中＞3～6 h组有效率为92.3%(12/13,χ~2=4.34,P=0.037),血管冉通率38.5%(5/13,χ~2=6.608,P=0.010).结论 多模式CT指导下＞3～9 h溶栓是超过常规溶栓时间窗患者的一种可选择的治疗方法.     

Intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious complication of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction, especially among the elderly, but little information exists on estimating risk. Better estimation of risk in individual patients may allow for withholding or using alternate therapies among those at highest risk. METHODS: To quantify the risk and identify predictors of intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy, we performed a retrospective cohort study using data from medical charts. The study involved nearly all acute-care hospitals in the United States. All Medicare patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction during a 9-month period in 1994 to 1995 were included. The main outcome measure was intracranial hemorrhage among those treated with thrombolytic therapy. RESULTS: The rate of intracranial hemorrhage was 1.43% (455 of 31 732). In a logistic model, age > or =75 years, female, black race, prior stroke, blood pressure > or =160 mm Hg, tissue plasminogen activator (versus other thrombolytic agent), excessive anticoagulation (international normalized ratio > or =4 or prothrombin time > or =24), and below median weight (< or =65 kg for women; < or =80 kg for men) were independent predictors. A risk stratification scale was developed on the basis of these factors: with none or 1 of the factors (n=6651), the rate of intracranial hemorrhage was 0.69%; with 2 factors (n=10 509), 1.02%; with 3 factors (n=9074), 1.63%; with 4 factors (n=4298), 2.49%; and with > or =5 factors (n=1071), 4. 11% (Mantel-Haenszel; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of intracranial hemorrhage in older patients after treatment with thrombolytic therapy exceeds 1%. Readily available factors can identify elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction at high and low risk for intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy.     

高龄急性脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓有效性、安全性及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨高龄急性脑梗死患者接受阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗有效性、安全性和临床预后的影响 因素。 方法 前瞻性连续纳入江苏省苏北人民医院2016年9月-2018年9月收治入院进行阿替普酶静脉溶 栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者,按照年龄将患者分为年龄≥80岁组和年龄＜80岁组。比较两组患者入院 时、溶栓24 h NIHSS评分,6个月mRS评分及死亡率,观察两组溶栓相关出血转化、症状性颅内出血及 肺部感染的发生情况。应用多因素Logistic回归分析观察所有患者静脉溶栓预后的独立影响因素。 结果 最终共纳入患者119例,男性69例（58.0%）,年龄范围46～94岁,平均70.12±10.55岁,入院 NIHSS评分4～38分。其中年龄≥80岁患者29例,年龄＜80岁患者90例。静脉溶栓后,两组患者溶栓 24 h NIHSS评分较入院时均明显降低（均P＜0.05）,两组治疗24 h NIHSS评分比较差异无统计学意义; 两组的出血转化、症状性颅内出血、肺部感染、6个月预后良好及死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义。 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,入院到静脉溶栓时间、入院时NIHSS评分及肺部感染是脑梗死静脉溶 栓6个月预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）,高龄不是影响预后的因素（P＞0.05）。 结论 高龄急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗安全有效,未增加颅内出血转化风险、死亡率及不良预 后。入院到静脉溶栓时间、入院时NIHSS评分及肺部感染是急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓6个月预后不良 的独立危险因素。     

高龄急性脑梗死患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨高龄脑梗死患者接受标准剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（r e c o m b i n a n t t i s s u e plasminogen activator,rt-PA）静脉溶栓治疗的疗效和安全性。 方法 对我院2011年1月～2013年12月连续收治入院的254例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性 分析,分为老龄溶栓组118例（60＜年龄≤80岁,rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗）;高龄溶栓组62例（年龄＞80岁, rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗）;高龄非溶栓组74例（年龄＞80岁,非rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗）。比较3组入院前的 一般情况,溶栓治疗前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS） 评分,溶栓后出血转化率及治疗7 d内致死性出血率,治疗后90 d改良Rankin量表（modifed Rankin Scale,mRS）评分和90 d的病死率。 结果 老龄溶栓组、高龄溶栓组和高龄非溶栓组治疗前NIHSS评分（13.0±5.3、15.1±6.6、14.1±6.6; P =0.523）无显著差异,3组的急性期事件出血转化率分别为16.9%、20.9%和21.6%,P =0.675;3组 7 d内致死性出血的发生率分别为3.3%,9.6%,7.4%,P =0.20。90 d内的病死率分别为11.0%,22.6%, 16.2%,P =0.12。老龄溶栓组和高龄溶栓组治疗后90 d的mRS评分 0～2比值分别为56.8%和38.7%, 两组比值比（odds ratio,OR）为2.08;95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）为1.11～3.86,P =0.021;两 组治疗后90 d mRS评分中位数比较：2 vs 3,P =0.025。高龄溶栓组和高龄非溶栓组90 d的mRS评分 0～2比值分别为38.7%和21.6%,OR 1.81,95%CI 0.80～4.06,P =0.098;90 d mRS评分中位数比较：3 vs 5,P =0.008。 结论 与未溶栓的高龄患者相比,急性缺血性卒中老龄和高龄患者接受rt-PA治疗不增加急性期 出血转化率和病死率。老龄组比高龄组rt-PA治疗获益大,高龄溶栓组比非溶栓组获益大。高龄组 rt-PA治疗可以改善患者90 d生活自理能力且不增加病死率。     

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 80 years and older : the tPA stroke survey experience

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administered within 3 hours of symptom onset is the first available effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Few data exist, however, on its use in very elderly patients. We examined the characteristics, complications, and short-term outcome of AIS patients aged >/=80 years treated with tPA. METHODS: Patients aged >/=80 years (n=30) were compared with counterparts aged <80 years (n=159) included in the tPA Stroke Survey, a US retrospective survey of 189 consecutive AIS patients treated with intravenous tPA at 13 hospitals. RESULTS: Risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (fatal, symptomatic, and total) was 3%, 3%, and 7% in the elderly age group and 2%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, in their younger counterparts (P=NS for all comparisons). Likelihood of favorable outcome, defined as modified Rankin score 0 to 1, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score /=80 years was identified.     

急性缺血性卒中围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的静脉溶栓研究

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的患者进行静脉溶栓治疗的临
床特征及预后分析。
方法 前瞻性纳入绵阳市中心医院2013年10月-2018年6月连续登记的发病4.5 h内进行静脉溶栓的
患者，以实施静脉溶栓时NIHSS评分较入院时NIHSS评分上下波动2分作为临床症状波动判断标准，将
所有纳入患者分为无变化组、波动组。分析比较两组患者的临床特征及24 h出血转化率、出院NIHSS
评分、3个月预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）和全因死亡率，多因素Logistic回归分析围静脉溶栓时间窗发生
临床症状波动的影响因素。
结果 共纳入156例，其中男性110例（70.5%），年龄范围42～87岁，平均65±13岁，发生围静脉
溶栓时间窗临床症状波动41例（26.3%）。与无变化组患者相比，波动组患者年龄、基线NIHSS评
分、糖尿病比例、高血压比例、随机血糖水平、后循环梗死比例较高，差异均具有统计学意义。两
组患者的24 h出血转化率、出院NI HSS评分、3个月良好预后率、3个月时全因死亡率差异无统计学意
义。Logistic回归分析发现年龄（每增加10岁：OR 1.143，95%CI 1.016～1.836，P =0.040）、基线NIHSS
评分（每增加1分：OR 1.353，95%CI 1.053～1.393，P =0.006）、随机血糖（每增加1 mmol/L：OR 2.120，
95%CI 1.185～2.748，P =0.001）、后循环梗死（OR 2.603，95%CI 1.037～3.950，P =0.042）是围静脉
溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的独立危险因素。
结论 尽管高龄、NIHSS评分高、血糖水平高、后循环梗死患者容易出现围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症
状波动，但对终点事件并无影响。对于出现临床症状波动的患者，溶栓可使患者获益。