Revision total hip arthroplasty using a cementless acetabular component: technique and results

One hundred thirty-eight acetabular revisions for aseptic loosening were performed in 132 patients using a cementless hemispherical component coated with titanium mesh and inserted with supplemental screw fixation. Twelve patients died, 9 were lost to follow-up and 6 could not return, leaving 111 patients (115 hips) at mean 100 months follow-up. Thirteen hips required revision (11%); 4 for recurrent dislocations, 6 for sepsis, and 3 stable cups were revised (at the time of stem revision). No cup was revised for aseptic loosening. Radiographic review was available for 105 patients (109 hips) at mean 98 month follow-up (78 to 135 months). One hundred cups (91%) were considered stable. Seven cups were possibly unstable (7%), one cup was probably unstable (1%), and one septic hip had an unstable cup (1%). Four percent of the cups showed a complete radiolucency. A partial progressive radiolucency was seen in 3%, a partial nonprogressive radiolucency in 54%, and no radiolucency was present in 39%. A screw radiolucency was seen in 2%, and osteolysis at the cup margin in 4%. Revision of the acetabulum with a cementless porous-coated hemispherical fiber-metal component seems to be superior to the results reported for acetabular revisions with cement at similar follow-up.     

病灶清除植骨保留髋臼假体的翻修术治疗假体周围局灶性骨溶解

目的 探讨病灶清除植骨保留髋臼假体的翻修术治疗全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术后稳定固定的髋臼假体周围局灶性骨溶解的疗效.方法 2006年3月至2009年3月,THA术后髋臼假体稳定固定的假体周围局灶性骨溶解患者23例(23髋),男13例,女10例;年龄39～54岁,平均46.6岁.23例均为非骨水泥髋臼.初次THA至诊断髋臼假体周围骨溶解的时间为4.6～7.4年,平均5.5年.术前HarTis髋关节评分74分.手术经腹股沟入路,行髂骨内板开窗,清除髋臼骨溶解病灶、同种异体颗粒骨植骨;经后外侧人路更换聚乙烯内衬、股骨头假体,保留髋臼假体.翻修术后1、3、6、12个月及之后每年随访1次,以髋关节Harris评分评价临床疗效,摄X线片、CT扫描观察植骨区愈合、新发骨溶解病灶及假体移位情况.结果 16例获得随访,随访时间8～38个月,平均28个月.末次随访时Harris髋关节评分86～100分,平均93.8分.16例植骨区成骨均良好,12例植骨区完全被周围骨爬行替代,髋臼假体固定好,无髋臼假体松动及移位,无新发髋臼假体周围骨溶解,无异位骨化、脱位、深静脉血栓形成及感染等并发症.结论 清除病灶植骨、保留髋臼假体、更换聚乙烯内衬和股骨头假体的翻修术可有效减少聚乙烯磨损颗粒产生,避免骨溶解病灶进展导致的假体松动,近期随访结果良好.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty without bone graft of high-grade acetabular defects

Mixed results have been reported with bulk and cancellous bone graft to fill defects during acetabular revision arthroplasty. Jumbo cups have been used to maximize host bone contact, and if adequate initial stability can be achieved, this approach may provide a superior long-term outcome. We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 107 acetabular revisions performed using jumbo cups without bone graft. Bone defects were assessed using a validated radiographic classification system that yielded 64 hips with significant bone defects for inclusion. Mean change in American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons lower extremity core and pain scores and in Short Form-12 scores showed increases of 22.01, 37.52, and 17.08 points, respectively. Postoperative radiographs consistently demonstrated host bone ingrowth into the jumbo acetabular shells, except for 3 failures. Careful incremental reaming up to a size that optimizes host bone support and contact may eliminate the need for bone graft in most acetabular revision arthroplasties.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty using a cementless modular femoral hip design

The difficulty in selecting the "ideal" components for revision total hip arthroplasty is one factor leading to poor outcomes. For femoral hip components, loosening rates of femoral revision have been reported with different types of designs. Because of improved rates with more porous components, the use of cementless femoral revision is highly attractive. This article describes a cementless femoral revision component, the ZMR system, which addresses the challenges and design goals of revision as well as surgical philosophy: off-the-shelf flexibility, proximal-distal extensive fixation, restoration of kinematics (offset, let lengths, anteversion, and muscle tensioning), and implant integrity.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty for pelvic osteolysis with well-fixed cementless cup

Treatment of pelvic osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains controversial. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision THA were evaluated in 62 hips with pelvic osteolysis and well-fixed cementless cups. The patients' mean age was 50.9 years, and the mean interval from primary to revision THA was 9.7 years. For revision, cementless cups were used in 51 hips, and cemented cups in 11 with acetabular reinforcement rings in 9. The mean duration of follow-up after revision THA was 5.9 years (range, 3.0-9.7 years). At final follow-up, the average Harris Hip Score was 92.4, and there was no radiographic complication except for 1 with change of inclination. Revision THA for pelvic osteolysis with well-fixed cementless cups showed favorable outcomes, and it can be preferentially used in young patients.     

加强杯联合植骨技术修复翻修术中巨大髋臼骨缺损

[目的]介绍加强杯联合植骨技术在髋关节翻修手术中巨大髋臼骨缺损的修复应用。[方法]回顾分析2002—2007年，8例在翻修术中存在严重髋臼骨缺损患者，按D’Antonio分类：ⅡB型1例，ⅡC型2例，Ⅲ型5例；加强杯联合颗粒打压植骨3例，加强杯联合颗粒骨植骨＋结构性植骨5例；术后进行临床评估及X线评估。[结果]术后平均随访时间2．7年（6—49个月），未出现假体失败而需要再次翻修病例，植骨组织未见明显骨吸收。Harris评分系统评估患者髋关节功能，术后平均提高47分。[结论]采用颗粒骨打压植骨技术修复腔隙性骨缺损，结构性植骨恢复髋臼后方结构的完整，提高局部骨量，增加假体的骨性接触面，同时利用加强杯固定植骨组织，稳定假体，该方法可有效修复髋臼侧的巨大骨缺损。     

Total hip arthroplasty with the use of nonmodular cementless acetabular component

Sixty-seven hips in 63 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasties with the use of the nonmodular cementless acetabular component and alumina-on-polyethylene bearing surface were available for complete clinical and radiographic review at a mean follow-up period of 7 (range 5-9) years. The mean age was 59 years (range 34-75) years. The mean preoperative Harris hip score of 50 points improved to 93 points at final follow-up. One (1.5%) hip required revision for a recurrent dislocation. No component was loose radiographically at final follow-up. The mean linear wear rate was 0.07 (range 0.01-0.23) mm/y. At a mean follow-up of 7 years, there was no aseptic loosening. Further follow-up, however, is necessary to determine the potential advantage of nonmodular acetabular component for the development of pelvic osteolysis.     

Minimum 10-year radiographic follow-up of a cementless acetabular component for primary total hip arthroplasty with a bulk autograft

We radiographically investigated 36 hips in 34 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip who had undergone total hip arthroplasty. Their mean age was 59.2 years (range 36–79 years), and the mean follow-up period was 11.2 years (range 10–14 years). The long-term outcome and the chronological changes in the bulk autograft were examined. The acetabular component of the prosthesis was a Lord-type threaded cup with a smooth surface. At follow-up, bone absorption was minor in 17 joints, moderate in 11, and major in 8. The hips with graft coverage of 20% (group A) had a significantly higher loosening rate than hips with coverage of 20% (group B) (P 0.05). The cup position changed markedly in group A. Our findings indicate that graft coverage should be less than 20% when a bulk graft is used together with a smooth-surfaced cementless cup.     

The optimal fixation of the cementless acetabular component in primary total hip arthroplasty.

The optimal fixation of the acetabular component in primary total hip arthroplasty remains controversial. Long-term follow-up studies show that significant loosening rates occur with cemented acetabular components and that these problems persist despite attempts to improve cementing technique. Cementless acetabular components that rely on biologic fixation can have lower rates of radiographic loosening at 10 years compared with cemented acetabular components. Although revision rates for both modes of fixation are largely equivalent at 10 years, the superior radiographic performance of cementless acetabular components at 10 years suggests that biologic fixation through bone ingrowth may provide more durable long-term implant survival compared with cemented fixation. Osteolysis is the major obstacle to long-term cementless acetabular component survival. Potential future options that may inhibit osteolysis include decreasing bone resorption that results from debris-stimulated foreign body response through the use of medications; decreasing the number of particles generated by using alternative bearing surfaces; and improving bone ingrowth, particularly through the use of growth factors and improved implant materials and designs.     

Revision total hip arthroplasty with cemented femoral component

We reviewed retrospectively the results of 28 hips (25 patients) after revision of the femoral component with use of a cemented stem, because of aseptic loosening. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.43 years (range 2–12 years). Over the course of the study period, repeat revision was done in 4 hips after an average of 4.45 years. Three hips had a repeat revision of the femoral component because of aseptic loosening and one for a deep infection. The rate of loosening of the femoral component was 32.4% (9 hips) at an average of 5.22 years. The 5-year survival rate was 76.9% with mechanical failure as end point; and 90% with re-revision of femoral component because of aseptic loosening as end point. The cement mantle was the principal factor, which was significantly associated with a better survival rate of femur fixation (P < 0.05). No correlation was noted between quality of bone loss at the time of revision, bone graft or the use of long stems, and the survival rate of femoral component. By improving the cementing technique and in selected patients, the use of cemented femoral stem could be a good alternative for aseptic loosening THA.     

Three- to five-year results with the cementless Harris-Galante acetabular component used in hybrid total hip arthroplasty

Summary In this paper we present our 3- to 5-year results after hybrid total hip replacement using the cementless porous coated Harris-Galante acetabular component and the cemented Griss femoral component in 39 patients with 40 implantations. Postoperatively, mild to moderate pain was experienced by 16.1% of patients, mostly following hard activity. A slight to moderate limp occurred in 24.2%. All patients were able to walk more than 1000 m. Full-time use of support was required by 2.8%. The postoperative range of motion was increased in 93.9%. Radiographically, none of the acetabular or femoral components had to be classified as unstable. Only one acetabular component displayed complete (i.e., along all interface zones) radiolucency and was therefore classified as possibly unstable.     

髋臼内陷症的全髋关节置换术

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼内陷症的手术操作方法和临床疗效.方法 2003年6月至2008年5月,采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼内陷症31例35髋,男16例18髋,女15例17髋;年龄36～71岁,平均52.2岁.手术均采用后外侧入路,股骨头取出困难时采用逆行取出法,分别处理髋臼环和髋臼底,取自体松质颗粒骨修复骨缺损,采用压配方式植入非骨水泥型全髋关节假体.术后1、3、6、12个月门诊随访,以后每年随访1次,随访时采用Harris髋关节评分评估髋关节功能,摄X线片观察假体是否有松动和再次内陷,植骨是否愈合.结果 全部病例随访19～152个月,平均46.5个月.1例患者术后第2天出现右下肢深静脉血栓,经抗凝处理后痊愈;1例术后2个月出现轻度大腿痛,无特殊处理,术后6个月消失,无其他并发症发生.术前Harris髋关节评分平均(48.9±6.5)分,末次随访增至平均(91.2±5.7)分,较术前平均改善42.3分.X线片显示所有假体均获得骨性稳定,无松动和再次内陷,术后平均6个月植骨愈合.结论 对于内陷髋臼,采用不同于普通全髋关节置换的手术技术,外移髋臼至旋转中心,用植骨修复骨缺损,选择非骨水泥型假体重建髋臼,可获得较好的临床效果,髋臼松动和再次内陷发生率低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for protrusio acetabuli. Methods Between 2003 to 2008, 31 patients(35 hips) with protrusio acetabuli were treated with THA, including 16 males (18 hips) and 15 females (17 hips). The age ranged from 36 to 71 years (average age 52.2 years). The femoral heads were moved out with retrograde method when necessary via posterior-lateral hip incision. The acetabular loops and bottoms were prepared respectively. Auto-bone grafting was used to repair acetabular defects and cementless prostheses were planted with press-fit skills. At follow-up visit,the hip functions were evaluated by Harris score. The loosening, re-protrusion and the union of graft bone was judged by X-ray. Results The mean follow-up was 46.5 months (19-152 months). One patient developed DVT on the second day post-operatively who recovered well after anticoagulation treatment. One patient complained of gentle thigh pain which disappeared at 6 months. No other complication was found. The mean Harris scores had improved from 48.9±6.5 pre-operatively to 91.2±5.7 post-operatively. All prostheses acquired bone stabilization with no sign of loosening and re-protrusion and the grafts bone were healed at a mean 6 months according to X-ray. Conclusion THA with acetabular bone grafting and cementless component for protrusio acetabuli have acquired excellent results and prevented loosening and re-protrusio effectively.     

Poor results of the cementless total hip arthroplasty with a nonporous coated acetabular component: AcSys Shearer Cup

Background This study followed patients for a minimum of 7 years after primary total hip arthroplasty using cementless acetabular components and evaluated their outcomes. Methods We followed 73 patients (75 hips), who had undergone total hip arthroplasty with cementless nonporous coated acetabular components (3M AcSys Shearer Cup) for a mean of 9.8 years (range 7–13 years). There were 61 women and 12 men with a mean age of 53 years (range 27–69 years) at surgery. The diagnosis was primary osteoarthritis in 9 hips, osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia in 58 hips, osteonecrosis of the femoral head in 6 hips, and rheumatoid arthritis in 2 hips. Results Three cups were revised because of aseptic loosening, and one cup was revised following removal of the prosthesis due to deep infection. Radiographic loosening was observed in 22 hips at the latest follow-up. The survival rate at 10 years was 94.7% with revision as the endpoint and 72% with radiographic loosening as the endpoint. The Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip score showed significant improvement postoperatively and was maintained well even in cases showing radiographic loosening. Conclusions The intermediate radiological results with the AcSys Shearer Cup were unsatisfactory because of the high loosening rate, although the revision rate was low. The nonporous outer surface and the poor fixation mechanism between the metal shell and liner may have contributed to the high failure rate. Regular radiological review is recommended when this cup is used because early loosening is often painless.     

Plasma spray-coated Ti femoral component for cementless total hip arthroplasty

A retrospective study of the clinical and radiographic results of Mallory Head total hip arthroplasties in 67 patients (76 hips) with a mean age of 50.1 years was undertaken. The mean follow-up period was 10.1 years (9-13years). In this study, excellent or good clinical results were found for 64 patients. Minimal thigh pain was found in 3 patients (4.4%). Seventy-one hips (93.4%) showed fixation by bony ingrowth and 3 (3.9%) showed stable fibrous fixation. Bony ongrowth and ingrowth were also seen in 16 hips (21%) at distal smooth and grit-blast areas. Two femoral components were revised (survival rate, 97.3%), one for subsidence and other for recurrent infection. We believe that these good results were caused by excellent bony ingrowth on the proximal two thirds of the femoral surface area. In conclusion, proximal plasma-spray coating and the tapered shape of the Ti stem showed excellent bony ingrowth and initial stability. Our results indicate that the tapered shape will be an important element in the design of a cementless Ti stem.     

非水泥臼杯处理髋臼内陷的全髋关节置换术

[目的]探讨全髋关节置换术(THA)中使用非水泥髋臼假体处理髋臼内陷的适应证、手术技术以及术后疗效.[方法]从1998～2009年,共38人(46髋)伴有髋臼内陷的患者接受非骨水泥臼杯的全髋关节置换术,男34髋,女12髋,平均年龄45岁.其中14髋术中行自体骨移植,术后随访1～8年(平均3年).回顾分析手术技术,使用Harris、Charnley评分标准进行临床疗效评估,用髋关节止侧位X线片进行影像学评估.[结果]平均Harris评分由术前的48.5分提高到末次随访的85.1分,平均Charley评分由9.1分提高到15.7分.术后股骨头中心位置较术前外移、下移.所有患者髋臼组件稳定,没有出现明确的假体松动、断裂、移位、脱位或移植骨的重吸收.[结论]使用非水泥臼杯的全髋关节置换术,根据骨缺损情况结合自体骨移植,能有效治疗各种程度的髋臼内陷,恢复髋臼旋转中心的解剖位置,短中期临床疗效满意.     

Revision total hip: a novel modular cementless acetabular system for reconstruction of severe acetabular bone loss

Severe acetabular bone loss remains a challenge at the time of revision hip arthroplasty. A novel modular system is available to aid in the reconstruction of these challenging cases. This technique can provide support for an uncemented acetabular shell. By using the augments in combination with the revision acetabular component, the following goals of revision surgery on the acetabular side can be achieved at the time of surgery: initial stable fixation, restoration of the center of rotation, and maximization of host bone contact.     

Isoelastic femoral component in primary cementless total hip arthroplasty

We followed 100 patients (111 hips) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty between July 1988 and June 1995 using the isoelastic femoral component. The average age was 61 (30-70) years. Mean follow-up time was 8.4 (5-12) years. Three femoral components were revised for aseptic loosening and one for disabling thigh pain. Six additional femoral components were considered probably loose by the radiographic criteria. Osteolysis around the femoral component was noted in only two patients who were clinically asymptomatic. A high incidence (41%) of lateral migration of the tip of the femoral components was noted, but there was no significant distal migration. Nine patients complained of thigh pain, which interfered with their daily activities. The average Harris hip score improved from 49 to 80 at the latest follow-up. We believe that the principle of isoelasticity in hip replacement is important; however, improvements in the material and the design of the femoral component are required.     

The use of cementless expansion acetabular component and an alumina-polyethylene bearing in total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis

We performed 114 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties with a cementless expansion acetabular component in 101 patients for advanced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The mean age of the patients at surgery was 51 years (36 to 62) and the mean length of follow-up was 110 months (84 to 129). The mean pre-operative Harris hip score of 47 points improved to 93 points at final follow-up. The polyethylene liner was exchanged in two hips during this period and one broken acetabular component was revised. The mean linear wear rate of polyethylene was 0.07 mm/year and peri-acetabular osteolysis was seen in two hips (1.9%). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the survival of the acetabular component without revision was 97.8% (95% confidence interval 0.956 to 1.000) at ten years. Our study has shown that the results of THA with a cementless expansion acetabular component and an alumina-polyethylene bearing surface are good.