Local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair in adolescents

Background Many centers use local anesthesia for adult inguinal hernia surgery in the setting of day-case surgery. There are no reports on, or guidelines for, use of anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery in adolescents. We describe our initial experience with the use of local anesthesia and intravenous sedation for inguinal hernia surgery in adolescents in the setting of a day-surgery facility. Methods The charts of 14 consecutive adolescent patients (aged 12–17) who had inguinal hernia surgery from July 2004 to March 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Intravenous sedation was administered 1–3 min before injection of local anesthetic. Sedation consisted of midazolam 0.085 mg kg⁻¹ and either fentanyl 0.85 μg kg⁻¹ or ketamine 0.085 mg kg⁻¹, according to the preference of the anesthesiologist. Additional sedation with half the initial dose was administered if required. Local anesthesia using a combination of lignocaine and bupivacaine was administered by the surgeon with infiltration in the skin and deep tissues. Results Fourteen adolescents aged 12–17 years (mean 14.8 ± 1.37), weighing 34–100 kg (mean 61.2 ± 16.5), had 15 inguinal hernia repairs with sedation and local anesthesia. All the patients were male. All completed the surgery with sedation and local anesthesia. None required conversion to general anesthesia. There were no immediate or subsequent complications. Mean time from the end of surgery to discharge home was under 2 h (mean 106 ± 36 min). Examination of patient charts did not reveal any complaints regarding the surgery or the postoperative course at the postoperative follow up visit. Conclusions The use of local anesthesia with intravenous sedation for inguinal hernia repair in the adolescent age group seems feasible and requires further prospective study.     

Locoregional anesthesia in inguinal hernia surgery

BACKGROUND: It is a current opinion that local anesthesia (LA) is the primary choice in surgical treatment of the inguinal region, particularly herniorrhaphy. The LA technique personally used for herniorrhaphy is described: it consists of iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal and genito-femoral nerve blocks, and incision line anesthetic infiltration. METHODS: From January 1998 to April 1999, 95 patients underwent inguinal herniorrhaphy employing LA: 77 (81%) in elective surgery, 18 (19%) in emergency; 2 cases with bilateral hernia (97 total LA procedures). RESULTS: Partial success was obtained in only 8 cases (8.4%), which required an association with a hypnotic drug ("blended anesthesia": propofol or midazolam): there were no cases of conversion to general anesthesia. Specific complications of local anesthetic drugs infiltration developed in 8 cases on 97 LA procedures (8.2%), but none required reoperation: 6 inguinal hematomas, 1 female external genitalia hematoma, 1 hematocele. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, it is stressed that LA is the technique of choice in herniorrhaphy and surgery of other inguinal pathologies, associating high success rates, rare complications and rapid dismissal: this allows for easy management of the patients and a very important reduction of sanitary costs. The association of LA-hypnotic drugs (blended anesthesia) represents another important resource, since it avoids general anesthesia in many cases and allows a rapid psychophysical recovery.     

老年初发非嵌顿性腹股沟疝开放性手术患者的麻醉

目的研究老年原发非嵌顿性腹股沟疝开放性手术患者的最佳麻醉方式及临床意义。 方法选取2014年11月至2016年11月,湛江市第二人民医院接受手术治疗的老年原发非嵌顿性腹股沟疝患者662例,其中男性604例,女性58例,平均年龄（68.8±5.4）岁。将全部患者随机分为3组并各自采用全身麻醉（全麻组221例）、椎管内麻醉（椎管内组221例）以及局部麻醉（局麻组220例）。对比3组患者的手术时间、手术加麻醉时间和术中出血量;对比3组患者术后并发症发生情况及并发症率;对比3组患者的术后住院时间以及住院总费用。 结果全麻组、椎管内组、局麻组手术时间分别为（95.32±32.07）、（90.24±28.17）、（89.41±27.52）min,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;手术加麻醉时间上局麻组（101.29±32.71）min则显著低于椎管内组的（129.62±39.75）min和全麻组的（149.67±51.38）min,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;局麻组的尿潴留发病率3.63%（8/220）显著低于椎管内组13.12%（29/221）和全麻组23.53%（52/221）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;局麻组在术后住院时间及住院总费用（4.35±2.41）d、（6 259.76± 773.59）元显著低于椎管内组（6.53±3.25）d、（7 653.26±861.27）元和全麻组（6.82±2.94）d、（9 135.32±896.81）元,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。 结论局部麻醉是老年原发非嵌顿性腹股沟疝开放性手术患者最佳的麻醉方式。     

Local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair step-by-step procedure.

OBJECTIVE. The authors introduce a simple six-step infiltration technique that results in satisfactory local anesthesia and prolonged postoperative analgesia, requiring a maximum of 30 to 40 mL of local anesthetic solution. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA. For the last 20 years, more than 12,000 groin hernia repairs have been performed under local anesthesia at the Lichtenstein Hernia Institute. Initially, field block was the mean of achieving local anesthesia. During the last 5 years, a simple infiltration technique has been used because the field block was more time consuming and required larger volume of the local anesthetic solution. Furthermore, because of the blind nature of the procedure, it did not always result in satisfactory anesthesia and, at times, accidental needle puncture of the ilioinguinal nerve resulted in prolonged postoperative pain, burning, or electric shock sensation within the field of the ilioinguinal nerve innervation. METHODS. More than 12,000 patients underwent operations in a private practice setting in general hospitals. RESULTS. For 2 decades, more than 12,000 adult patients with reducible groin hernias satisfactorily underwent operations under local anesthesia without complications. CONCLUSIONS. The preferred choice of anesthesia for all reducible adult inguinal hernia repair is local. It is safe, simple, effective, and economical, without postanesthesia side effects. Furthermore, local anesthesia administered before the incision produces longer postoperative analgesia because local infiltration, theoretically, inhibits build-up of local nociceptive molecules and, therefore, there is better pain control in the postoperative period.     

Spinal anesthesia for preterm infants undergoing inguinal hernia repair

HYPOTHESES: Use of spinal anesthesia is safe and effective in an outpatient population of preterm infants undergoing inguinal hernia repair (IHR) and eliminates routine postoperative hospital admission for apnea monitoring. METHODS: From October 1982 through October 1997, all preterm (gestational age [GA], < or =37 weeks), high-risk (preterm infants whose postconceptual age at surgery [PCAS] is <60 weeks) infants undergoing IHR with spinal anesthesia were studied prospectively. No exclusions were made for preexisting conditions. Elective IHRs and incarcerated hernias were both considered. A postoperative apnea rate was calculated and compared with published postoperative apnea rates in preterm infants after receiving general anesthesia. RESULTS: For 269 IHRs performed, 262 spinal anesthetic placements (97.3%) were successful in 259 infants; 246 placements were achieved on the first attempt and 16 on the second. The mean GA was 32 weeks (GA range, 24-37 weeks); mean PCAS, 43.7 weeks (PCAS range, 33.4-59.3 weeks); and mean birth weight, 1688 g (weight range, 540-3950 g). Two hundred six patients (78.6 %) did not require supplemental anesthesia; 56 (21.4%) did: 34 received intravenous anesthesia; 6, general; 12, local; and 4, other regional. One hundred fifty-three infants had a history of apnea. Thirteen episodes of apnea were noted in 13 infants (4.9%) following the 262 procedures; all 13 were inpatients undergoing concomitant therapy for apnea (mean GA, 28 weeks; PCAS, 42.9 weeks). Four of these infants received supplemental anesthesia. This apnea rate is significantly lower than the published rate (10%-30%) (P = .01). One hundred three infants underwent IHR on an outpatient basis, 39 of whom had a history of apnea. None of these developed apnea postoperatively. The mean birth weight of this group was 2091 g (weight range, 710-3693 g); mean GA, 33 weeks (GA range, 25-37 weeks); and mean PCAS, 44.3 weeks (PCAS range, 35.4-59.2 weeks). All 103 patients were discharged home the day of surgery. Average time from room entry to incision was 26.3 minutes, which is similar to anesthesia induction time for patients receiving general anesthesia. Average time from bandaging to leaving room was 1 minute, less than usual time for patients receiving general anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal anesthesia is safe, effective, and eliminates the need for postoperative hospital admission in an outpatient population of preterm infants undergoing IHR. This results in considerable cost savings without compromising quality of care.     

Paravertebral blockade vs general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair

One hundred and fifty-five patients scheduled for inguinal hernia repair (IHR) were given the choice of either general anesthesia (GA) (n = 53) or spinal anesthesia (SP) (n = 47) or nerve stimulator guided paravertebral blockade (PVB) (n = 55). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), duration of hospital stay and need for postoperative analgesia were recorded. Apart from a difference in the age of patients in the GA group who were found to be slightly younger, all groups were found similar with regard to weight, height, duration of surgery, sex, type of hernia and ASA class. The incidence of PONV (0%) v/s 19% and 21% was significantly reduced in patients treated with the PVB compared to patients receiving SA and GA respectively. The length of hospital stay was also found to be shorter in the PVB group (mean 1.2 days) v/s SA (mean 2.4 days) and GA (mean 2.9 days). The need for supplemental postoperative analgesics was also found to be higher in both SA and GA when compared to PVB patients who were managed without any analgesics during the first 24 postoperative hours. The described technique appears to be an attractive alternative method to provide adequate anesthesia for IHR.     

Follow-up study results of Bassini-Kirschner inguinal hernia operations

During a 7-year period 686 adult male patients underwent Bassini-Kirschner operations for inguinal hernia. All patients received prophylactic physical therapy preoperatively, they were given elastic stockings and low-dose heparin therapy and all were ambulated on the first postoperative day. We used Mersilene for all sutures in 179 patients, Mersilene for the Bassini sutures and Dexon for the Kirschner sutures in 215 patients, sole Dexon sutures in 292 patients. Early and late complications occurred most frequently with nonresorbable (Mersilene) materials, less frequently with Dexon. We encountered recurrent inguinal hernias in 23 patients (4,7%). Review of relevant references indicates a recurrence rate of 2,6 to 14,8% with other methods.     

局部麻醉下自裁剪免缝合无张力疝修补在腹股沟疝手术中的临床研究

目的 比较自裁剪补片与成型网塞补片在无张力疝修补术的临床效果及性价比.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年6月涿州市医院普外科施行单侧腹股沟疝患者140例,根据采用补片不同分为自裁剪补片组（试验组）与成型网塞补片组（对照组）各70例,比较二组患者手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后24 h的疼痛及术后3个月慢性疼痛VAS评分,术后异物感等并发症发生情况.结果 试验组手术时间（48±8）min,对照组手术时间（51±9）min,二组手术时间比较差异有统计学意义（t=-2.004,P=0.047）;试验组住院时间（2.1 ± 0.7） d,对照组住院时间（2.3 ± 0.8） d,二组住院时间比较差异无统计学意义（t=-1.414,P=0.160）;术后24 h疼痛VAS评分差异有统计学意义（t=-4.950,P=0.000）;术后3个月慢性疼痛比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=-4.025,P=0.000）;术后异物感差异有统计学意义（χ2=-4.084,P=0.000）;住院费用试验组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=-19.095,P=0.000）.随访10～39个月,二组均无复发.结论 利用平补片进行个体化剪裁、免缝合、腹膜前修补的方法进行无张力疝修补术,临床效果与疝环充填式修补术相近,但具有材料价格低、手术时间短、术后疼痛轻及异物感低等优点.     

Laparoscopic bilateral inguinal hernia repair under local anesthesia

A case report of the laparoscopic repair of bilateral inguinal hernias performed under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation is presented. The combination of nitrous oxide for peritoneal insufflation and an ultrasonically activated scalpel for dissection made the procedure feasible. It is hoped that this technique can extend laparoscopic surgery to patients who are poor candidates for general anesthesia.     

Local anesthesia in the treatment of inguinal hernia

Local anesthesia is the most common technique used in the surgical treatment of inguinal hernia. The introduction of synthetic prosthesis, which are resistant to infection, has to the development of surgical techniques used in local anesthesia, in a day hospital setting. These techniques permit a lowering of hospital costs and a reduction of the incidence of complications and recurrences. Over the last few years the authors have been performing a modified Lichtenstein repair or the Rives technique in local anesthesia. In this study they present their data on 52 patients surgically treated in the period 1997-1998, and discuss the advantages of their technique.