Homozygous variant of UGT1A1 gene mutation and severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare, in a case–control study, the prevalence of nucleotide 211 guanine to adenine (G→A) mutation of uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A1) gene in Malaysian Chinese newborns with and without severe hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin >250 µmol/L during first 48 h of life or ≥300 µmol/L thereafter), and to determine whether this mutation was a significant risk factor associated with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: Seventy‐four term infants of Chinese descent admitted with severe hyperbilirubinemia were recruited. Infants without severe hyperbilirubinemia (n = 125) were randomly selected from among healthy Chinese term infants. UGT1A1 nucleotide 211 polymorphism was assayed using the Taqman single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping method. Using gestational age, types of feeds, G6PD mutation, G6PD enzyme levels, and UGT1A1 gene mutation status as independent variables, logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the significant risk factors associated with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Results: UGT1A1 gene mutation was significantly more common among hyperbilirubinemic infants (39.2%) than controls (25.6%; P = 0.04). Gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.7; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.5–0.9; P = 0.01), G6PD mutation (adjusted OR, 7.2; 95%CI: 2.7–19.0; P < 0.0001), exclusive breast‐feeding (adjusted OR, 11.7; 95%CI: 2.7–49.9; P = 0.001), and homozygous variant of UGT1A1 gene mutation (adjusted OR, 32.2; 95%CI: 3.8–273.2; P = 0.001) were significant risk factors. Heterozygous variant of UGT1A1 gene mutation, actual levels of G6PD enzyme, and mixed feeding were not. Conclusion: Homozygous variant of nucleotide 211 G→A mutation of UGT1A1 gene is a significant risk factor associated with severe hyperbilirubinemia among Malaysian Chinese newborns.     

UGT1A1基因G71R突变与新生儿不明原因严重高胆红素血症相关

目的探讨尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1(UGT1A1)基因G71R突变与新生儿严重高胆红素血症的相关性。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,病例组为复旦大学附属儿科医院(我院)收治的不明原因严重高胆红素血症(血清总胆红素水平≥342μmol·L-1)新生儿,采用PCR对外周血UGT1A1基因进行检测。对照组为我院新生儿出生缺陷生物样本数据库中血清总胆红素水平221μmol·L-1病例。病例组及对照组新生儿均要求胎龄≥35周,出生体重≥2 500 g。结果病例组和对照组各65例。UGT1A1 G71R是病例组中最常见的突变类型(73.8%,48/65)。对照组UGT1A1 G71R突变位点与既往Meta分析中提取的中国健康新生儿对比,在基因型分布及等位基因频率上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。病例组和对照组UGT1A1基因G71R突变中A等位基因频率分别为0.5和0.15,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),把握度为0.993。与携带G/G基因型新生儿相比,UGT1A1 G71R突变(A/A+G/A基因)可增加新生儿严重高胆红素血症的发病风险(OR=7.373,95%CI:3.395~16.008),把握度为1.0。结论 UGT1A1基因G71R突变与新生儿不明原因严重高胆红素血症相关。     

Association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene polymorphisms: Meta‐analysis

Background: Recent reports have suggested that genetic factors, including mutations in the coding region or promoter of uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) may increase the risk of development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but the relationship has not been evaluated on systematic review or meta‐analysis. Methods: A meta‐analysis of observational studies reporting effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was conducted on the association between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results: A total of 27 eligible studies were identified. In total, 17 studies focused on the association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with UGT1A1 Gly71Arg polymorphisms, which indicated that these polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (A/A+G/A vs G/G: odds ratio [OR], 2.70; P= 0.00; 95%CI: 2.22–3.29; I²= 0.0%; P_{heterogeneity}= 0.55). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity validated this correlation in Asian, but not in Caucasian, populations (OR, 1.74; P= 0.10; 95%CI: 0.90–3.35; I²= 0.00%; P_{heterogeneity}= 0.67). Furthermore, 18 studies focused on the association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with UGT1A1 TATA promoter polymorphisms. These studies concluded that TATA promoter variants were not associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (7/7 + 6/7 vs 6/6: OR, 1.13; P= 0.23; 95%CI: 0.93–1.37; I²= 80.0%; P_{heterogeneity}= 0.00). Conclusion: UGT1A1 Gly71Arg polymorphisms are a risk factor for developing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Asian, but not Caucasian, subjects. UGT1A1 TATA promoter polymorphisms were not associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Asian subjects, but results from the Caucasian population were conflicting and require further epidemiological investigation.     

The impact of SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphisms on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review with meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine whether three variants (388 G>A, 521 T>C, and 463 C>A) of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) are associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Data sourceThe China National Knowledge Infrastructure and MEDLINE databases were searched. The systematic review with meta-analysis included genetic studies which assessed the association between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and 388 G>A, 521 T>C, and 463 C>A variants of SLCO1B1 between January of 1980 and December of 2012. Data selection and extraction were performed independently by two reviewers.Summary of the findingsTen articles were included in the study. The results revealed that SLCO1B1 388 G>A is associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07–1.82) in Chinese neonates, but not in white, Thai, Latin American, or Malaysian neonates. The SLCO1B1 521 T>C mutation showed a low risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Chinese neonates, while no significant associations were found in Brazilian, white, Asian, Thai, and Malaysian neonates. There were no significant differences in SLCO1B1 463 C>A between the hyperbilirubinemia and the control group.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the 388 G>A mutation of the SLCO1B1 gene is a risk factor for developing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Chinese neonates, but not in white, Thai, Brazilian, or Malaysian populations; the SLCO1B1 521 T>C mutation provides protection for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Chinese neonates, but not in white, Thai, Brazilian, or Malaysian populations.     

Screening for G71R mutation of the UGT1A1 gene in the Javanese-Indonesian and Malay-Malaysian populations

BACKGROUND: There are significant differences in the prevalence and severity of neonatal jaundice among various populations. Recently, it has been reported that a mutation of the UGT1A1 gene, glycine to arginine at codon 71 (G71R), is related to the development of neonatal jaundice in East Asian populations. However, whether the G71R mutation contributes to the high incidence of neonatal jaundice in different Asian populations remains unknown. The authors screened for this mutation in the Javanese-Indonesian and Malay-Malaysian populations. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six subjects were enrolled in this study: 68 Javanese-Indonesian adults and 68 Malay-Malaysian newborns (32 with jaundice and 36 without jaundice). Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) was used to screen for the G71R mutation, and the results were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing analysis. RESULTS: With DHPLC, the authors easily and clearly detected seven subjects carrying the G71R mutation: two Javanese-Indonesian adults and five Malay-Malaysian newborns. In the 68 Javanese-Indonesian adults, the genotype distribution for G71R mutation was 66 G/G, two G/R and no R/R genotypes, and the mutated allele frequency was 0.015. In the 68 Malay-Malaysian newborns, genotype distribution for the mutation was 63 G/G, five G/R and no R/R genotypes, and the mutated allele frequency was 0.037. The genotype distributions did not differ significantly between the newborns with jaundice and those without jaundice. CONCLUSION: The G71R mutation is present, but very rare, in Javanese-Indonesians and Malay-Malaysians. Thus, G71R mutation may not contribute to the high incidence of the neonatal jaundice in South-east Asian populations. DHPLC analysis is a very useful method for detecting the G71R mutation.     

Efficacy of light-emitting diode versus other light sources for treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Various light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy devices have been trialled on the assumption of a more effective spectral distribution of the light emitted. We reviewed the current literature to determine whether LED is more effective than other types of phototherapy. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of LED versus other phototherapies. Studies were found to be of medium quality based on a components approach. Data were statistically aggregated within a very homogeneous population (term or late preterm neonates). Results appeared robust at sensitivity analysis. Five hundred and eleven neonates were included in the meta-analysis. LED and other phototherapy devices appeared to be equally effective in reducing total serum bilirubin (TSB) in term or late preterm neonates. The pooled mean TSB rate of decrease was 3.269 μmol/L/h (0.191 mg/dL/h) and 3.074 μmol/L/h (0.18 mg/dL/h) in the LED and conventional arms, respectively [average difference in TSB rate of decrease = 0.194 μmol/L/h (0.011 mg/dL/h) in favour of LED phototherapy; p = 0.378]. CONCLUSION: No significant difference in TSB rate of decrease was detected between LED and other types of phototherapy. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to ascertain whether LED phototherapy may be more effective when increasing the spectral power, or in certain selected subpopulations.     

Factor V Leiden and prothrombin 21210G>A mutation and paediatric ischaemic stroke: a case–control study and two meta‐analyses

Aim: To determine whether factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin (PT) 20210G>A mutation are associated with paediatric ischaemic stroke. Methods: The study consisted of two parts. Case–control study included neuroradiologically confirmed paediatric ischaemic stroke patients from two tertiary children’s hospitals in Estonia. For control group, DNA was obtained from 400 anonymous screening test cards of newborns born consecutively in all delivery departments of Estonia in January 2005. Meta‐analyses was performed to assess the association between paediatric sinovenous thrombosis and FVL and PT 20210G>A. Results: A total of 75 children (45 boys, 30 girls) were included into the case–control study: 19 with childhood arterial ischaemic stroke, 49 with perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke and seven with cerebral venous thrombosis. Both FVL and PT 20210G>A occurred significantly more frequently among patients with sinovenous thrombosis compared with controls (OR = 12.9; 95% CI: 2.3–73.0 and OR = 11.9; 95% CI: 2.1–67.2, respectively). The difference was not significant between childhood/perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke and controls. Meta‐analyses (including our study) revealed that both FVL and PT 20210G>A are associated with paediatric sinovenous thrombosis (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.8–5.5 and OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.4–6.8, respectively). Conclusion: FVL and PT 20210G>A are associated with paediatric sinovenous thrombosis.     

UGT1A1基因多态性与新生儿黄疸遗传关联性的Meta分析

目的 评价不同人群UGT1A1基因GLY71ARG多态性、TATA重复多态性与新生儿黄疸的遗传关联性。方法 制定原始文献的纳入标准、排除标准及检索策略,检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of sciences、Cochrance图书馆、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库,检索时间均为建库至2010年2月。获得UGT1A1基因GLY71ARG多态性、TATA重复多态性与新生儿黄疸遗传关联性的相关文献。以新生儿黄疸为病例组。依据NHI-NHGRI研究工作组2007年制定的遗传关联性研究报告规范为基础,并依据相关文献选取其中的14条标准用于文献质量评价。以基因型和等位基因频率为指标,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析,计算合并的OR值及其95%CI。 结果 共检索到相关文献284篇,22篇文献进入Meta分析（英文文献18篇,中文文献4篇）;病例组1 444例,对照组1 835例。按人群构成分为4个亚组：中国,日本,马来西亚和泰国及高加索人群（印度、土耳其和美国）。①GLY71ARG基因型A/A+G/A频率：中国（OR=2.84,95%CI：2.14~3.76）,日本（OR=3.22,95%CI：2.03~5.11）,马来西亚和泰国人群（OR=2.41,95%CI：1.56~3.72）病例组均显著高于对照组;高加索人群（OR=1.98,95%CI：0.49~8.03）病例组与对照组差异无统计学意义。基因型A/A频率：中国（OR=6.47,95%CI：3.24~12.94）,马来西亚和泰国人群（OR=21.01,95%CI：5.21~84.79）病例组均显著高于对照组;日本（OR=3.08,95%CI：1.00~9.49）和高加索人群（OR=5.89,95%CI：0.24~145.49）病例组与对照组差异均无统计学意义。A等位基因频率：中国（OR=2.82,95%CI：2.22~3.58）,日本（OR=2.50,95%CI：1.72~3.62）,马来西亚和泰国人群（OR=3.01,95%CI：2.07~4.37）病例组均显著高于对照组;高加索人群（OR=2.47,95%CI：0.66~9.25）病例组与对照组差异无统计学意义。②TATA基因型7/7+6/7频率：中国（OR=0.59,95%CI：0.36~0.96）和日本人群（OR=0.15,95%CI：0.04~0.51）对照组均显著高于病例组;马来西亚（OR=1.31,95%CI：0.59~2.92）和高加索人群（OR=1.18,95%CI：0.68~2.02）病例组与对照组差异无统计学意义。基因型7/7频率：中国（OR=1.78,95%CI：0.11~28.69）,日本（OR=0.38,95%CI：0.04~3.56）,马来西亚（OR=2.46,95%CI：0.46~13.06）和高加索人群（OR=1.45,95%CI：0.91~2.33）病例组与对照组差异均无统计学意义。等位基因7频率：中国（OR=0.65,95%CI：0.35~1.21）,马来西亚（OR=1.40,95%CI：0.59~3.29）和高加索人群（OR=1.17,95%CI：0.80~1.69）病例组与对照组差异均无统计学意义;日本人群（OR=0.15,95%CI：0.04~0.50）对照组显著高于病例组。结论 现有证据表明UGT1A1基因GLY71ARG多态性与中国、日本、马来西亚及泰国人群新生儿黄疸有关联性;启动子TATA重复多态性与新生儿黄疸无关联性。     

ALDH5A1基因突变致琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶缺陷症1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨ALDH5A1基因突变致琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶缺陷症(SSADHD)的临床特征,基因突变及致病机制。方法回顾分析1例SSADHD患儿的临床资料和基因测序结果,并复习相关文献。结果患儿,女,3岁6个月,表现为反复发作的发作性肌张力障碍。头颅磁共振成像、视频脑电图、血液生化检查、血尿遗传代谢筛查均无异常。基因测序显示,ALDH5A1基因外显子区域有2处杂合突变,c.112GA(p.A38T)(致病性尚不明确)、c.1529CT(p.S510F)(已报道的致病突变);2处杂合突变分别来自其父母,为复合杂合突变,符合常染色体隐性遗传规律。确诊为ALDH5A1突变致SSADHD。检索到相关文献26篇,报道75种ALDH5A1突变,分别位于外显子1～11,涉及错义突变、缺失突变、插入突变、剪切突变和无义突变。结论 ALDH5A1基因突变与SSADHD发生密切相关,基因检测有助SSADHD确诊。     

COL2A1基因变异相关腭裂1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨腭裂患儿的临床特征及致病基因。方法回顾分析1例COL2A1基因变异腭裂患儿的临床资料,并复习c.2292 delA变异相关腭裂相关文献。结果患儿男,生后即发现上腭畸形,临床表现有双眼略凸出、哭声低哑、喉中痰鸣、呼吸阵发性急促有吐沫、下颌小、舌短、软腭及悬雍垂裂、硬腭部分裂开。全外显子组基因靶向捕获-高通量测序示患儿COL2A1基因存在c.2292 delA移码缺失变异。文献复习发现,COL2A1基因移码变异已在人类基因变异数据库(HGMD)和ClinVar中报道,但本例患儿的变异位点未有报道,在正常人群数据库gnomAD、千人数据库和ExAC数据库中也均未被收录,为罕见变异。结论COL2A1基因变异c.2292 delA相关腭裂较罕见,基因检测可协助诊断。     

Neonatal hypoglycemia and the CPT1A P479L variant in term newborns: A retrospective cohort study of Inuit newborns from Kivalliq Nunavut

IntroductionNeonatal hypoglycemia (NH) in the first days of life can largely be prevented by recognizing those at risk and managing accordingly. The CPT1A P479L variant is prevalent in northern Indigenous populations and is a possible risk factor for hypoglycemia. We report on NH incidence in the Kivalliq region of Nunavut, where all Inuit newborns are screened for NH.MethodsWe reviewed clinical charts of 728 Inuit newborns from Kivalliq (January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013) for blood glucose (BG) levels and infant/maternal characteristics, linking to CPT1A genotype; 616 newborns had BG data from 2 to 48 hours of life. NH was defined using Canadian Paediatric Society guidelines (≤2.0 mmol/L at 2 hours, <2.6 mmol/L at 2 to 48 hours).ResultsNH was documented in 21.4% overall, 24.4% of at-risk newborns and 19.5% of term newborns with no risk factors (≥37 weeks gestation, term-NRF). NH was documented in 22.0% of CPT1A P479L homozygous, 19.8% of P479L heterozygous and 4.8% of noncarrier term-NRF newborns. With multivariable logistic regression, the adjusted ORs for developing NH in term-NRF newborns was 4.97 for CPT1A P479L homozygotes (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.65–38.35, P=0.19) and 4.71 for P479L heterozygotes (95% CI:0.57–37.89, P=0.15).ConclusionTerm-NRF newborns had a higher NH incidence than previously reported, similar to that for at-risk newborns, possibly due to the CPT1A P479L variant. Since only Inuit newborns from Kivalliq are screened for NH, further study of long-term outcomes of NH in this population and the role of the P479L variant are warranted to determine if neonatal BG screening is indicated in all Inuit newborns.     

46, XY 性发育障碍儿童 NR5A1 基因突变 1 例报告及文献复习

目的探讨NR5A1基因突变导致的46,XY性发育障碍(DSD)的临床表现和分子诊断。方法回顾分析1例社会性别为女性的46,XY DSD患儿的临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果社会性别为女性的11.5岁患儿,因偶然发现阴蒂肥大半个月就诊;初步系列实验室检查诊断考虑支持46,XY DSD,高促性腺激素性发育不良。全基因组外显子组DNA测序提示NR5A1基因,c.937 CT,p.Arg313Cys杂合突变;母亲为杂合突变携带者,父亲无异常。结论临床表现为46,XY DSD,性腺发育不良、外生殖器女性化合并肾上腺功能不足;提示存在SF1基因突变的可能性,全基因组外显子基因测序可帮助明确诊断。     

CTNNB1基因变异致伴有痉挛性双瘫和视觉缺陷的神经发育障碍5例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨伴有痉挛性双瘫和视觉缺陷的神经发育障碍(NEDSDV)患儿的临床特征和基因变异特点。方法 回顾性分析2014—2020年在南京市儿童医院康复科确诊的5例NEDSDV患儿的临床表现、实验室检查及基因检测结果,结合文献复习总结NEDSDV患儿的临床及基因特点。结果 5例患儿均表现出全面性发育迟缓、小头畸形、痉挛性双瘫特征,其中例1、例2、例3、例5均有斜视,例5有严重的先天性视网膜渗出性病变。基因检测鉴定5例患儿均为新发的CTNNB1基因杂合变异,且均为截短变异(包括无义和移码变异),其中c.478＿479insTAAATGA、c.1973dupT和c.625G>T为新发现的变异。除1例患儿胼胝体压部略薄外余4例患儿均未见显著的脑影像学异常,而视网膜病变亦相对少见。结论 全面性发育迟缓伴有小头畸形和痉挛性双瘫可作为疑诊NEDSDV的指征,而眼病变及脑影像学异常并非该病的必要表型,确诊有赖于基因检测。CTNNB1的3个新变异的鉴定扩展了NEDSDV的致病性变异谱。     

FBN1基因新发突变致马凡综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的提高对马凡综合征(MFS)临床表型和基因型的认识。方法回顾分析1例FBN1基因突变的马凡综合征患儿的临床资料并复习相关文献。结果患儿,女性,4岁4个月,有特殊面容(长脸、双眼距稍宽、高颚弓),手指及足趾细长,身材瘦长,身高115.0 cm(P_(97)),上肢跨长118.8 cm,上部量60 cm,下部量55 cm,体质量19 kg(P_(50)～P_(85));心尖部可闻及II/6级收缩期杂音。彩色超声心动图示房间隔缺损(4 mm),二尖瓣病变伴中度反流,三尖瓣病变伴轻中度反流,主动脉乏氏窦稍增宽;心脏CT示左心房左心室增大;胸片示右肺斑片影、心影稍饱满,右侧膈肌局部向上隆起。患儿既往有右侧上肢骨折史,有双眼屈光不正。提取患儿及其父母静脉血DNA,以外显子芯片捕获加高通量测序法进行基因检测,结果显示患儿存在FBN1的c.865dupA杂合突变,未曾见报道,该突变导致289位氨基酸由异亮氨酸(Ile)变为天冬酰胺(Asn),290位氨基酸由天冬氨酸(Asp)变为终止密码子,使得氨基酸编码提前终止。家系验证显示突变来自患儿父亲,父亲也为MFS,为杂合突变。结论发现导致MFS的新的FBN1基因外显子杂合突变c. 865 dupA。     

Congenital diaphragmatic eventration and bilateral uretero-hydronephrosis in a patient with neonatal Marfan syndrome caused by a mutation in exon 25 of the FBN1 gene and review of the literature

Neonatal Marfan syndrome, the most severe presentation of Marfan syndrome phenotypes (MIM 154700), is characterised mainly by joint contractures, arachnodactyly, loose skin, crumpled ears, severe atrioventricular valve dysfunction and pulmonary emphysema. Death usually occurs within the first 2 years of life from congestive heart failure. We describe here a newborn male with many typical characteristics of neonatal Marfan syndrome associated with a diaphragmatic eventration and a bilateral uretero-hydronephrosis with bladder dilatation. He died from cardiac failure due to severe tricuspid and mitral regurgitation at 62 h of age. Conclusion:molecular analysis showed a heterozygous missense mutation at nucleotide 3165 (3165T>G) in exon 25 of the FBN1 gene, resulting in the substitution of cysteine for tryptophan (C1055W).Abbreviations cbEGF calcium binding EGF motif - CCA congenital contractural arachnodactyly - EGF epidermal growth factor - FBN1 fibrillin-1 gene - FBN2 fibrillin-2 gene - MFS Marfan syndrome - nMFS neonatal Marfan syndrome     

FAM111A基因突变致Kenny-Caffey综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的分析Kenny-Caffey综合征2型的临床表现、基因突变特点及诊治进展。方法回顾分析1例确诊为Kenny-Caffey综合征2型患儿的临床资料及基因检测结果,并复习相关文献。结果男性患儿,8个月,自2月龄起反复发作抽搐,生长发育迟缓。实验室检查提示低钙血症、低镁血症、高磷血症、低甲状旁腺激素及肝酶增高。X线显示长骨皮质增厚、髓质狭窄。全基因组外显子DNA测序提示FAM111A基因,c.1706GA,p.Arg569His,杂合突变(新生突变)。共检索到已报道因FAM111A基因所致Kenny-Caffey综合征2型患者17例,该患儿临床特征与已报道病例基本相符。结论FAM111A基因突变引起的Kenny-Caffey综合征2型相当罕见,婴幼儿时期可出现甲状旁腺功能减退及长骨改变等,遗传学检测有利于明确病因。     

SCNN1B基因突变致全身型假性醛固酮减少症1型1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨SCNN1B基因突变所致的全身型假性醛固酮减少症1型(PHA1)的早期诊断和治疗。方法回顾分析1例PHA1患儿的临床资料,并对全身型PHA1尤其是SCNN1B基因突变的全身型PHA1进行文献复习。结果患儿,女,4岁3个月,出生1个月时诊断为假性醛固酮减少症,服用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙、枸橼酸钠后仍反复出现脱水性休克、低钠血症、高钾血症、酸中毒,且反复下呼吸道感染及皮疹。基因测序显示SCNN1B基因编码区第2外显子存在c.118CT错义突变,第4内含子存在c.776+1GA错义突变。查询HGMD数据库、ESP6500siv2_ALL、千人基因组(1000g2015aug_ALL)和dbSNP 147数据库,两种突变均未见报道。未检测到高IgE综合征相关的基因突变。目前国内无SCNN1B突变致全身型PHA1病例报道。国外报道4例,发病年龄为出生3天～3周,表现为呕吐、反应差、休克、脱水、高血钾、低血钠、代谢性酸中毒、流清涕、反复下呼吸道感染,4例中1例死亡。结论 SCNN1B突变所致PHA1较罕见,为常染色隐性遗传,新生儿顽固性低钠血症、高钾血症和代谢性酸中毒应考虑PHA1可能,基因检测可明确诊断及判断预后。     

Congenital abnormalities in the offspring of pregnant women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus: A population‐based case‐control study

To estimate the risk of structural birth defects (i.e. congenital abnormalities [CA]) in the offspring of pregnant women with type 1 (DM‐1), type 2 (DM‐2) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to check the efficacy of recent specific care of diabetic pregnant women in the reduction of DM‐related CA. Comparison was made of the occurrence of medically recorded types of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who had malformed fetuses/newborns (cases) and who delivered healthy babies (controls) in the population‐based Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996. In the case group, which included 22 843 offspring, there were 79 (0.35%) pregnant women with DM‐1, 77 (0.34%) pregnant women with DM‐2 and 120 (0.53%) pregnant women with GDM. The control group comprised 38 151 newborns, and 88 (0.23%), 141 (0.37%) and 229 (0.60%) pregnant women with DM‐1, DM‐2 and GDM, respectively. The total rate of cases with CA was higher only in the DM‐1 group (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 1.5, 1.1–2.0) and within four specific types/groups: isolated renal a/dysgenesis, obstructive CA of the urinary tract, cardiovascular CA and multiple CA; namely, caudal dysplasia sequence. The risk of total CA was lower in the present study compared to the risk in previous studies and the DM‐1‐related spectrum of CA was also different. There was no higher risk of total CA in the offspring of pregnant women with DM‐2 and GDM. The certain part of maternal teratogenic effect of DM‐1 is preventable with appropriate periconceptional and prenatal care of diabetic women.