慢性乙型肝炎患者血清转化生长因子β1与CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T淋巴细胞的关系

目的 调查慢性乙型肝炎患者转化生长因子β1(TGF β1)与CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T淋巴细胞异常的关系.方法 将实验对象分为慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者、无症状HBV携带者(AsC)、乙型肝炎恢复者、正常人对照4组.通过流式细胞术分析外周CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T淋巴细胞的表型和频率以及实时荧光定量PCR分析Foxp3表达水平;并通过酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中TGF β1水平.根据数据不同采用方差分析或秩和检验进行统计学分析.结果 CHB或AsC组外周CD4~+T淋巴细胞中CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+T淋巴细胞频率以及CD4~+CD25~+T淋巴细胞中Foxp3 mRNA表达水平显著高于正常人对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CHB患者和AsC血清中TGF β1水平显著高于正常人和乙型肝炎恢复者,并与CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+T淋巴细胞频率存在显著正相关(r=0.78,P<0.01).结论 CHB和AsC患者TGF β1与CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+调节性T淋巴细胞增高有密切关系.     

T Helper Cells Profile and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as the most common cause of female infertility that affects 4-10% of women in the reproductive age. Previous studies have shown the role of a balanced immune response in a successful pregnancy and fertility. Objective: To investigate the T helper cells type 1 (Th1) /Th2/Th17/Treg paradigms in peripheral blood of infertile PCOS compared with normal fertile women. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated at the late follicular phase from 10 PCOS and 10 fertile women. PBMCs were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin in the presence of Berefeldin A as Golgi stop agent to detect intracellular cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4) from CD3+CD4+T cells population indicating T helper (Th) cells subsets by flowcytometry. Moreover, regulatory T cells were enumerated using CD25 and Foxp3 markers. Results: In this study, we report that the frequency of Th1 cells was increased compared to Th2 cells in infertile PCOS when considering Th1/Th2 ratio (P=0.05). Analysis of Th17/Th2 ratio showed a significant difference with a bias toward Th17 dominancy in PCOS (P=0.02). The proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was significantly lower in PCOS patients than that of healthy fertile women (P=0.02). Conclusion: In summary, Th1 and Th17 bias and reduction of Treg and Th2 cells as regulators of immune responses might be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These results are suggestive of an altered immune response to inflammatory status in PCOS patients, likely causing some complications such as infertility in these patients.     

CD4+CD25-Foxp3+T淋巴细胞的表型鉴定及其在初发系统性红斑狼疮中的意义

目的 对初发系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血异常表达CD4+CD25-Foxp3+T淋巴细胞进行表型鉴定,并探讨其临床意义.方法 对初发SLE患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞进行细胞表面分子[CD25、CD127、CCR4、糖皮质激素诱导的肿瘤坏死因子受体(GITR)、细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(CT-LA-4)]和胞内分子(Foxp3)标染,流式细胞仪检测,并研究CD4+各细胞亚群与狼疮肾炎和疾病活动度(SLEDAI)相关性.结果 SLE患者外周血CD4+CD25-Foxp3+T淋巴细胞表面 GITR、CTLA-4和CCR4表达率与活化T淋巴细胞(CD4+CD25+Foxp3-)相比差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),而显著低于调节性T淋巴细胞(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+)(P均<0.01);CD4+Foxp3+CD25high,CD4+Foxp3+CD25low和CD4+Foxp3+CD25-细胞中CD127low-百分率分别为(93.8±,3.5)%,(93.7±2.3)%,(92.0±2.1)%,三者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在CD4+细胞亚群中,当CD127low-时,Foxp3+在CD25high,CD25low和CD25-中表达率分别为 (91.4±2.6)%,(71.9±3.3)%,(9.0±2.2)%,三者之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);SLE患者外周血CD4+CCR4+CD25highT淋巴细胞百分率与SLEDAI呈显著负相关(r=-0.695,P<0.001),狼疮肾炎患者(1.10±0.17)%显著低于SLE无肾炎组[(1.61±0.23)%,P<0.01]和健康对照组[(1.75±0.10)%,P<0.01];狼疮肾炎患者外周血CD4+ CCR4+CD25low-T淋巴细胞百分率显著高于健康对照组[(11.5 ±2.3)%与(8.0±1.0)%,P<0.01)].结论 初发SLE中异常升高的CD4+CD25-Foxp3+T淋巴细胞的表型类似早期活化效应T淋巴细胞.可以用CD4+CD25highCD127low-T淋巴细胞替选CD4+CD25highFoxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞.CCR4+调节性T淋巴细胞可能参与狼疮肾炎发病.     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在肿瘤免疫逃逸机制中的作用研究进展

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞是一类具有免疫抑制功能的T细胞亚群,能阻止肿瘤免疫和逃避肿瘤对抗原的有效识别.Foxp3是近年来发现的一种转录因子,是CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞表面特异性标志,检测其表达可以作为判定CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的方法.最近,大量研究已经证实CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞与各种肿瘤生存期和不良预后密切相关.目前,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的靶向治疗和选择性清除成为新的免疫治疗方法.     

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞在慢性乙型肝炎患者中的作用

目的 探讨CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞与乙型肝炎慢性化和病毒清除之间的关系.方法 收集慢性活动性乙型肝炎(CAH)患者19例、HBV携带者(AsC)21例、HBV感染恢复者12例和健康对照者15例.通过流式细胞术分析外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞的表型和频率,磁珠分选(MACS)CD4+CD25+T细胞,实时荧光定量PCR方法 分析Foxp3 mRNA基因在CD4+CD25+T细胞的表达水平.统计学处理采用单因素方差分析或非参数检验.结果CAH或AsC组外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞频率以及CD4+CD25+T细胞中Foxp3 mRNA的表达水平显著高于健康对照组或HBV感染恢复者(F=6.8,F=3.72,均P<0.05).免疫组织化学染色发现,CAH患者肝组织Foxp3'T细胞浸润累积较对照组明显增高,但AsC较CAH减少.HBeAg阳性患者(包括CAH和AsC)CD4'CD25'T细胞频率显著高于HBeAg阴性患者(t=2.3,P<0.05),抗-HBe阴性患者显著高于抗-HBe阳性患者(t=2.4,P<0.05).CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞频率与慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中HBV病毒载量存在正相关(r=0.56,P<0.01).结论 慢性乙型肝炎患者CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞异常与乙型肝炎慢性化和病毒清除有关.     

扩张型心肌病患者CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+ T细胞的检测及意义

目的:探讨扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞的水平及意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测DCM患者30例及健康对照组20例外周血CD4+CD25+T细胞和CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞的比例。结果:DCM患者外周血CD4+CD25+T细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例为(8.53±1.64)%,显著低于健康对照组的(11.4±2.17)%,P0.01;DCM患者CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞占CD4+T细胞比例为(0.99±0.54)%,显著低于健康对照组的(1.55±0.55)%,P0.01;且DCM患者心功能越差,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞占CD4+T细胞的比例越低。结论:DCM患者调节性T细胞比例的减少,可能打破了自身免疫耐受,发生了针对心肌抗原的自身免疫反应,参与了DCM的发病。     

Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T cells control virus-specific memory T cells in chimpanzees that recovered from hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a global health problem because it readily establishes persistent infection and a vaccine is not available. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells have been implicated in HCV persistence because their frequency is increased in the blood of HCV-infected patients and their in vitro depletion results in increased IFN-gamma production by HCV-specific T cells. Studying a well-characterized cohort of 16 chimpanzees, the sole animal model for HCV infection, we here demonstrate that the frequency of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(Regs)) and the extent of suppression was as high in spontaneously HCV-recovered chimpanzees as in persistently HCV-infected chimpanzees. Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Regs) suppressed IFN-gamma production, expansion, and activation-induced cell death of HCV-specific T cells after recovery from HCV infection and in persistent HCV infection. Thus, T(Reg) cells control HCV-specific T cells not only in persistent infection but also after recovery, where they may regulate memory T-cell responses by controlling their activation and preventing apoptosis. However, Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) cells of both HCV-recovered and HCV-infected chimpanzees differed from Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+)T(Reg) cells of HCV-naive chimpanzees in increased IL-2 responsiveness and lower T-cell receptor excision circle content, implying a history of in vivo proliferation. This result suggests that HCV infection alters the population of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) cells.     

CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞为新近发现的一群功能成熟的T细胞亚群.其特征性表达叉头盒蛋白3(Foxp3)分子,专职免疫无能和免疫抑制,在维持外周免疫耐受,防止自身免疫性疾病发病中起着极为关键的作用.CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)发病中的作用引起了人们的关注.动物实验发现CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞存在与否决定了实验动物是否发生实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)和Graves病.人体研究发现CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞数目和功能异常与人AITD发生密切相关.这些研究结果提示,CD4+ CD25+ 调节性T细胞可能在AITD发病中起重要作用.     

Phosphoantigen-activated V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells antagonize IL-2-induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in mycobacterial infection

Although Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) are well documented for their ability to suppress various immune cells, T-cell subsets capable of counteracting Tregs have not been demonstrated. Here, we assessed phosphoantigen-activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells for the ability to interplay with Tregs in the context of mycobacterial infection. A short-term IL-2 treatment regimen induced marked expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and subsequent suppression of mycobacterium-driven increases in numbers of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells. Surprisingly, activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells by adding phosphoantigen Picostim to the IL-2 treatment regimen down-regulated IL-2-induced expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. Consistently, in vitro activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells by phosphoantigen plus IL-2 down-regulated IL-2-induced expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. Interestingly, anti-IFN-gamma-neutralizing antibody, not anti-TGF-beta or anti-IL-4, reduced the ability of activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to down-regulate Tregs, suggesting that autocrine IFN-gamma and its network contributed to Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells' antagonizing effects. Furthermore, activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells by Picostim plus IL-2 treatment appeared to reverse Treg-driven suppression of immune responses of phosphoantigen-specific IFNgamma(+) or perforin(+) Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells and PPD-specific IFNgamma(+)alphabeta T cells. Thus, phos-phoantigen activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells antagonizes IL-2-induced expansion of Tregs and subsequent suppression of Ag-specific antimicrobial T-cell responses in mycobacterial infection.     

调节性T淋巴细胞对成人乙型肝炎疫苗接种免疫应答的影响

目的 通过对乙型肝炎疫苗接种后不同免疫应答人群调节性T淋巴细胞(Treg细胞)Foxp3 mRNA的表达和细胞因子分泌的检测,探讨乙型肝炎疫苗接种后免疫应答与免疫调节细胞和细胞因子之间的内在联系.方法 采集不同反应人群全血,实时荧光定量PCR检测人外周血单个核细胞Foxp3 mRNA的表达;流式细胞术对外周血单核细胞的表面标志物CD4、CD25进行检测;酶联免疫法检测外周血单个核细胞植物血凝素(PHA)和HBsAg刺激后白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-12、IL-18、干扰素(IFN)γ的产生水平.根据不同资料采用方差分析、q检验或相关分析进行统计学处理.结果 (1)PHA和HBsAg刺激前后,无应答组Foxp3的表达均高于应答组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)应答组外周血CD4+CD25+Treg细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分比(0.59%±0.46%)明显低于对照组(1.30%±1.44%),差异有统计学意义(F=2.990,P＜0.01).(3)各组外周血单个核细胞经PHA和HBsAg刺激后,无应答组的IFN γ浓度[(11.00±9.03)U/ml]明显低于应答组[(38.88±28.16)U/ml],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(4)各组外周血单个核细胞经PHA和HBsAg刺激后,IL-18、IL-4、IL-12的浓度差异均无统计学意义.结论 CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞在一定程度上参与了乙型肝炎疫苗接种应答的负性调控;乙型肝炎疫苗接种后无应答与IFN γ分泌不足有关;抗-HBs滴度水平与IFN γ和CD4+CD25+Foxp3表达无相关性.     

Foxp3+ CD25- CD4 T cells constitute a reservoir of committed regulatory cells that regain CD25 expression upon homeostatic expansion

Expression of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) by peripheral CD4 T cells follows cellular activation. However, CD25 expression by CD4 cells is widely used as a marker to identify regulatory T cells (T(R)), although cells with regulatory properties are also found in the CD4+CD25- subset. By using in vivo functional assays and Foxp3 expression as a faithful marker of T(R) differentiation, we have evaluated the requirements for CD25 expression by peripheral T(R). We first show that in vivo depletion of CD25+ cells prevents the development of spontaneous encephalomyelitis in recombination-activating gene (RAG)-deficient anti-myelin basic protein T cell antigen receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, and allows disease induction in otherwise healthy RAG-competent transgenic mice. Similar treatment in normal thymectomized animals is followed by the fast recovery of a normal number of CD25+ T(R). Consistently, Foxp3-expressing T(R) encompassed in the CD25- cell population convert to CD25+ after homeostatic expansion and are selectable by IL-2 in vitro. Surface expression of CD25 on T(R) is controlled by the activity of conventional CD4 cells and is fully labile because it can be lost and regained without affecting the functional potential of the cells. These findings reveal that Foxp3-expressing CD25- cells constitute a peripheral reservoir of differentiated T(R), recruited to the CD25+ pool upon homeostatic expansion and/or activation. This analysis, together with the notion that physiological commitment of T(R) takes place exclusively in the thymus should help for the interpretation of experiments assessing peripheral T(R) differentiation from naive CD4 T cells, defined as CD25-.     

Ontogeny of CD4+CD25+ regulatory/suppressor T cells in human fetuses

Little is known about the ontogeny of naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory/suppressor T cells that play a major role in maintaining self-tolerance in mice and humans. In rodents, thymectomy on day 3 of life leads to multiple organ-specific autoimmune diseases that can be prevented by adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells, suggesting their neonatal development. We investigated regulatory T-cell ontogeny in 11 human fetuses. Together with the first mature T cells, thymic CD4(+)CD25(+) cells were detected as early as 13 weeks of gestation. Thymic CD25(+) cells appeared to be positively selected at the CD4(+)CD8(+)CD3(hi) differentiation stage, as assessed by CD1a and CD69 expression. The proportion of thymic CD4(+)CD25(+) cells appeared quite stable with age, around 6% to 7%, similar to the proportion observed in infant thymi. Extrathymic CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells could hardly be detected at 13 weeks of gestation but were present from week 14 onwards. As adult regulatory T cells, purified CD4(+)CD25(+) fetal cells were anergic and suppressed T-cell proliferative responses; they expressed intracellular cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Foxp3 mRNA. Altogether, our results indicate that the generation of regulatory/suppressor T cells is consubstantial to the generation of a functional and self-tolerant immune system.     

CD+4 CD+25调节性T细胞抑制持续性丙型肝炎病毒感染患者CD+4T细胞反应

目的探讨CD+4 CD+25调节性T细胞(CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞)在持续性HCV感染患者CD+4 T细胞下调中的意义.方法流式细胞术检测慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血中CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞的数量以及细胞内因子的合成;与正常人或患者CD+4 CD-25 T细胞共同培养,检测其抑制功能;RT-PCR检测Foxp3的mRNA表达.结果 CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞约占慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血中CD+4 T细胞的(13.5±1.8)%,高于正常对照(5.3±0.8)% (P=0.004);主要合成IL-10,高表达Foxp3;CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞显著抑制CD+4 T细胞的增殖,以及合成IFNγ,并且抑制活性较正常人增高(P=0.034),这种作用不依赖IL-10和转化生长因子β.结论持续性HCV感染患者CD+4 CD+25Treg细胞表达增加,抑制活性增强,特异性抑制Th1反应.     

Relationship of frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells with disease progression in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected Chinese

Forty-five antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected patients and 14 healthy controls in North China were enrolled in this study. The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and levels of expression of CD95, HLA-DR and CD38 in T cells were detected by flow cytometry. We found that the frequency of Tregs was higher in AIDS patients than in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients (P=0.004). The frequency of Tregs was significantly correlated with absolute CD4 count, viral load, CD4+CD95+ T cells and CD8+CD95+ T cells (P<0.05). The relationship between the frequency of Tregs and immune activation was not found in HIV-infected patients. We concluded that the frequency of Tregs in HIV-infected Chinese patients was significantly correlated with disease progression.     

IL-5 promotes induction of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells that suppress autoimmunity

Immune responses to foreign and self-Ags can be controlled by regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing CD4 and IL-2Rα chain (CD25). Defects in Tregs lead to autoimmunity, whereas induction of Ag-specific CD4+CD25+ Tregs restores tolerance. Ag-specific CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+Tregs activated by the T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine, IL-4, and specific alloantigen promote allograft tolerance. These Tregs expressed the specific IL-5Rα and in the presence of IL-5 proliferate to specific but not third-party Ag. These findings suggest that recombinant IL-5 (rIL-5) therapy may promote Ag-specific Tregs to mediate tolerance. This study showed normal CD4+CD25+ Tregs cultured with IL-4 and an autoantigen expressed Il-5rα. Treatment of experimental autoimmune neuritis with rIL-5 markedly reduced clinical paralysis, weight loss, demyelination, and infiltration of CD4+ (Th1 and Th17) CD8+ T cells and macrophages in nerves. Clinical improvement was associated with expansion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs that expressed Il-5rα and proliferated only to specific autoantigen that was enhanced by rIL-5. Depletion of CD25+ Tregs or blocking of IL-4 abolished the benefits of rIL-5. Thus, rIL-5 promoted Ag-specific Tregs, activated by autoantigen and IL-4, to control autoimmunity. These findings may explain how Th2 responses, especially to parasitic infestation, induce immune tolerance. rIL-5 therapy may be able to induce Ag-specific tolerance in autoimmunity.     

Human CD8+CD25+ thymocytes share phenotypic and functional features with CD4+CD25+ regulatory thymocytes

CD8+CD25+ cells, which expressed high levels of Foxp3, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), CCR8, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) mRNAs, were identified in the fibrous septa and medullary areas of human thymus. Activated CD8+CD25+ thymocytes did not produce cytokines, but most of them expressed surface CTLA-4 and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1). Like CD4+CD25+, CD8+CD25+ thymocytes suppressed the proliferation of autologous CD25-T cells via a contact-dependent mechanism. The suppressive activity of CD8+CD25+ thymocytes was abrogated by a mixture of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-TGF-beta1 antibodies and it was mediated by their ability to inhibit the expression of the interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain on target T cells. These results demonstrate the existence of a subset of human CD8+CD25+ thymocytes sharing phenotype, functional features, and mechanism of action with CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells.     

Generation of regulatory dendritic cells and CD4+Foxp3+ T cells by probiotics administration suppresses immune disorders

The beneficial effects of probiotics have been described in many diseases, but the mechanism by which they modulate the immune system is poorly understood. In this study, we identified a mixture of probiotics that up-regulates CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Administration of the probiotics mixture induced both T-cell and B-cell hyporesponsiveness and down-regulated T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines without apoptosis induction. It also induced generation of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs from the CD4⁺CD25⁻ population and increased the suppressor activity of naturally occurring CD4⁺CD25⁺ Tregs. Conversion of T cells into Foxp3⁺ Tregs is directly mediated by regulatory dendritic cells (rDCs) that express high levels of IL-10, TGF-β, COX-2, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Administration of probiotics had therapeutical effects in experimental inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The therapeutical effect of the probiotics is associated with enrichment of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs in the inflamed regions. Collectively, the administration of probiotics that enhance the generation of rDCs and Tregs represents an applicable treatment of inflammatory immune disorders.