中长跑运动员运动心电图的研究

观察中长跑运动员蹬车运动前及运动过程中的心电图特征。采用Schiller AT-10运动心电图机记录蹬车运动前和运动过程中的心电图变化，并进行分析。中长跑运动员运动前心电图表现有多种形式的电活动，运动心电图显示。随运动负荷的增加，心率逐渐上升，J点下降，J80上升，STS坡度增加。结果表明，多年的运动训练能改善心血管活动，但是在运动试验中所发生的心电图变化应与病理性改变加以鉴别。     

运动试验对血液动力流变学参数影响的研究

本文通过对体育系和普通系学生以及优秀短跑和中长跑运动员分别从事不同方式运动前后的脉搏图的记录分析，研究了不同方式的运动试验对血液动力流变学参数的影响及其变化规律     

运动中行为失常的脑电特征分析

目的 通过脑电（electroencephalogram,EEG）特征分析运动中人行为失常的神经心理机制。方法 采用荷兰ANT公司研制的ANT Neuro eego mylab 64导脑电监测系统，测试1名攀岩国家队运动员攀爬过程中的脑电。比较运动员行为正常与失误、失误前与失误后的脑电特征和脑地形图，探析导致行为失常的脑活动因素。结果 行为失常时大脑右侧前额叶、额叶，左大脑中前部、后部突然出现大面积电流活动加强和电压变高，而视觉空间联合皮层则无明显电流活动。结论 人们运动中行为失常与大脑突然屏蔽感知觉和产生较多与行为策略相关的认知活动有关，如果人的能力、体力和准备不充分，就会破坏正常的“神经-行为”联动机制，导致动作紊乱。     

运动平板诱发缺血性J波及de Winter综合征1例

运动平板试验通过分级运动,增加检查者心脏耗氧量,打破氧供氧需之间的平衡。本例患者存在冠脉阻塞性病变,运动过程中诱发出急性心肌缺血,心电图出现缺血性J波,而后演变成de Winter ST-T,冠脉造影显示前降支近端完全闭塞。     

长跑运动对老年人球结膜微循环影响的初步探讨

球结膜是临床上在体表部位中能观察到微循环全部流程的唯一部位。采用田牛氏球结膜微循环综合定量评价方法。我们于1991年9月～10月间观察了70名老年长跑队员球结膜微循环，并以77名非长跑运动健康老年人对照，旨在探索坚持长跑运动对老年人球结膜微循环的影响。     

太极拳白鹤亮翅对下肢肌电活动的影响

目的通过对比太极拳初学者和太极拳运动员白鹤亮翅动作关节角度活动变化、压力中心(center of pres-sure,COP)变化和肌肉活动特点,分析运动员是如何通过肌肉活动控制其白鹤亮翅的姿势平衡。方法太极拳运动员和初学者分两组各10人。记录太极白鹤亮翅动作时双下肢10块骨骼肌表面肌电图、双下肢3大关节的二维角运动和COP在侧方和前后的移位。每次试验8 s完成,重复5次。统计处理后,做肌电运动和平衡分析;其中肌电数据做标准化处理,并比较太极拳运动员和初学者的异同。结果运动员组支撑腿胫骨前肌、股二头肌、臀中肌)的肌电活动表现为显著高于初学者同侧腿骨骼肌的肌电活动;运动员组虚步腿的腓肠肌和股直肌的肌电活动显著高于初学组同侧同名肌。运动员组下肢3大关节最大平均活动角度比初学组大,支撑腿髋关节显著高于初学组同侧同关节。运动员组COP前后方向位移显著小于初学组。结论运动员可以通过肌肉活动的增强对抗COP的移位,保持姿势平衡稳定,而初学者COP前后移位失控时并没表现出积极的肌肉活动。初步解释了太极拳练习能提高人体下肢肌肉力量和平衡控制能力的原因。     

基于多体运动数值模拟方法研究髋关节屈曲角度对水下海豚泳打腿的影响

目的 研究水下海豚泳打腿过程中运动员周围的流场特性、净流向力变化,以及伸展打腿结束时髋关节屈曲角度对水下海豚泳打腿的影响.方法 通过三维扫描得到游泳运动员的身体形态数据,对数据进行逆向重构得到游泳运动员模型,对运动员模型的各关节进行分离,将模型划分为各运动环节,通过控制各运动环节的运动模拟水下海豚泳打腿动作,并使用计算...     

运动对小鼠脊髓前角运动神经元树突结构可塑性的影响

HRP—CB标记结合sholl分析方法分析研究5、13、24月龄三个年龄组C57BL/6J小鼠脊髓前角α—运动神经元树突结构的可塑性变化,以及不同时间的长期适量运动(跑转笼)对运动神经元树突结构可塑性变化的可能作用。以同年龄对照组心重/体重比率均值的二倍标准差(X+2SD)做为运动有效标准。结果在三个年龄对照组中,老年鼠(对照组Ⅱ)神经元树突野缩小,树突分支数和总长度明显减少(P<0.05),以远离胞体的分支丢失为主。经过8和19个月运动训练后,脊髓前角运动神经元树突野扩大,分支数和树突总长度明显增加(P<0.01),甚至超过青年对照,以近胞体分支的增生更明显。结果表明,长期的适量运动能够延缓衰老过程中小鼠脊髓前角运动神经元树突的丢失,促进树突的可塑性增生。     

中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血细胞的影响

目的观察有氧与无氧训练对田径运动员血细胞指标的影响.方法上海市中长跑队专业运动员12名进行有氧训练,14名进行无氧训练,分别在训练前、后进行血细胞检测.结果①两组训练后白细胞(WBC)总数均显著升高(p<0.01).中性粒细胞(NEUT)和淋巴细胞(LYM)绝对值也呈明显上升.②两组运动后红细胞(RBC)和血红蛋白(Hb)都有不同程度的升高,平均红细胞体积(MCV)轻度增大,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)降低,平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)变化甚微.③血小板(PLT)训练后也呈明显上升(p<0.05).结论不同的运动训练方式对血常规指标有不同的影响.     

中长跑有氧与无氧训练对血细胞的影响

目的　观察有氧与无氧训练对田径运动员血细胞指标的影响 .方法　上海市中长跑队专业运动员 12名进行有氧训练 ,14名进行无氧训练 ,分别在训练前、后进行血细胞检测 .结果　①两组训练后白细胞 (WBC)总数均显著升高 (p <0 .0 1) .中性粒细胞 (NEUT)和淋巴细胞 (LYM)绝对值也呈明显上升 .②两组运动后红细胞 (RBC)和血红蛋白 (Hb)都有不同程度的升高 ,平均红细胞体积 (MCV)轻度增大 ,平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 (MCHC)降低 ,平均红细胞血红蛋白含量 (MCH)变化甚微 .③血小板 (PLT)训练后也呈明显上升 (p <0 .0 5 ) .结论　不同的运动训练方式对血常规指标有不同的影响     

The electrocardiogram during emotional and physical stress

The electrocardiographic response pattern during exercise at low and high heart rate was compared with the response pattern during emotional stress. Qualitative differences between exercise and emotional stress were obtained, i.e. during exercise the ST segment was more depressed, T-wave amplitudes were larger and QT and PQ were significantly shorter than during emotional stress. The results do not support the suggestion that emotional stress evokes an exercise-like cardiovascular response pattern, which may lead to a metabolically maladaptive situation. The results are in accordance with the hypothesis that the ECG changes during emotional stress are similar to the ECG changes during right stellate stimulation, while the ECG changes during exercise are similar to the ECG changes obtained during left stellate stimulation.     

ST-segment changes in high-resolution body surface potential maps measured during exercise to assess myocardial ischemia: a pilot study

Introduction

The aim of the study was to assess myocardial ischemia by analysis of ST-segment changes in high-resolution body surface potential maps (HR-BSPM) measured at rest and during an exercise stress test.

Material and methods

The study was carried out on a group of 28 patients with stable coronary artery disease and 15 healthy volunteers. The HR-BSPM were measured at rest and during the exercise stress test on a supine ergometer. The workload was increased in stages by 25 W every 2 min, beginning at 50 W. The maps of ST-segment depression (ST₆₀) were calculated from time averaged recordings at rest and at maximal workload.

Results

The efficiency in detection of myocardial ischemia was higher for HR-BSPM than for standard 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) when both methods were evaluated by outcomes of coronarography. The sensitivity of HR-BSPM was 82.4% while for the standard 12-lead ECG exercise stress test it was 58.8%. For some patients significant changes in the ST segment were observed at stress HR-BSPM but were not visible in standard 12-lead ECG recorded under the same conditions.

Conclusions

Obtained high values of sensitivity and specificity in myocardial ischemia detection suggest that maps of ST₆₀ calculated from HR-BSPM can improve detection of patients with ischemic heart disease in comparison to the standard electrocardiographic exercise stress test examinations.     

利用Lorenz散点图分析高血压患者的运动心率变异信号

目的探讨高血压患者运动心率变异信号的非线性特征,为临床诊断高血压患者的心血管功能状况提供参考。方法以高血压患者作为研究对象,以健康者作为对照组,采集阶梯试验运动过程中两组人群的运动心电信号,提取其中包含的运动心率变异信号进行分析,运用散点图的定性和定量分析方法,将两组人群的散点图形状和散点图的6个参数进行对比。结果高血压患者与健康者的运动心率变异信号散点图在运动前后的表现差异明显,且高血压患者的各散点图参数数值较低。结论提示运动心率变异信号的散点图可用于高血压疾病患者的心血管系统功能损伤评测。     

心率变化对心电信号各波间期的影响分析

分析了运动心电信号心率变化对其各特征波形的持续时间的影响程度,其中受影响最大的是ＴＰ间期,其次是ＱＴ间期,Ｐ波和ＱＲＳ波群的宽度基本不变,并根据ＱＴ间期的变化特点给出了运动心电关键检测参数ＳＴ段值的自适应调整Ｊ点后取值位置,对于准确地识别运动心电信号的各特征波和判定运动试验的结果具有重要意义。     

Exercise test in patients with sarcoidosis. The importance of repolarization disturbances

The study population comprises 28 patients with sarcoidosis who all had repolarization disturbances in their exercise ECGs. None of the patients had hypertension or known cardiovascular disease, and all but two were non-smokers. The mean age was 45 years. Exercise test with beta-adrenergic blockade was performed within one month of the first examination. Persisting abnormal ST-T changes in exercise ECGs after beta-blockade were seen in 12 (43%) patients. No significant relationship was found between persisting ST-T changes and age, sex, chest X-ray stage, lung function or working capacity. In an earlier study, we found ST-T abnormalities in exercise ECG in 56 of 127 individuals (44%) in a consecutive 5-year study of patients with newly detected sarcoidosis. From this and the present report we postulate that, in our region, as much as 20% of the patients with newly detected sarcoidosis might have organic myocardial disease, possibly of sarcoid origin, as shown by repolarization disturbances in exercise ECG. If ECG abnormalities in the ST-T region are present in patients with sarcoidosis, exercise ECG with beta-blockade is a simple way of establishing suspicion of organic myocardial lesions. If exercise ECG abnormalities in the ST-T region persist after beta-blockade, careful clinical follow-up is recommended, and, in some patients early steroid therapy should be considered.     

160例平板运动试验诱发心律失常分析

目的：分析平板运动试验诱发心律失常的特点。方法：选择160例患者应用标准Bruce方案进行次极量平板运动试验,同步监测血压和12导联心电图,记录运动前、运动中及恢复期的血压和心电图。结果：160例运动试验诱发心律失常共36例,发生率为22.5%,运动试验阳性组心律失常发生率（44.9%）高于阴性组（12.7%）。结论：运动试验可辅助临床对冠心病的诊断,运动试验阳性组诱发的心律失常多于阴性组,以室性心律失常多见,运动中、运动后发生心律失常可能与心肌缺血等因素有关。     

Cardiac repolarization properties during standardized exercise test as studied by QT, QT peak and terminated T-wave intervals

Changes in QT, QT peak (QTp) and terminal T-wave, Tp-Te (QT-QTp) were studied in 11 apparently healthy subjects during and after a standardized exercise test. ECG was recorded at scalar lead positions. Averaged complexes were later analysed by computer for the different time intervals. QT and QTp decreased in parallel with increasing heart rate with a ratio QTp/QT of 0.80 +/- 0.02 at rest and 0.74 +/- 0.02 at maximal heart rate around 170. After exercise QT and QTp prolonged disproportionately slower than heart rate, reaching the relation observed during exercise only 9.5 min post exercise. Tp-Te was 75 +/- 10 ms at rest and 65 +/- 8 ms at maximal heart rate. The decrease was significant (P less than 0.001). The main part of the rate-associated shortening of the QT interval occurred in the QTp interval where it was about six to seven times larger than in the Tp-Te interval. In conclusion, QT and QTp decreased similarly with heart rate during exercise. Post exercise there was an initial slower return of these intervals to the resting state than for heart rate. Tp-Te changes were minimal.     

多参数运动心肺功能测试系统的初步应用

心肺运动试验（CPET）结合呼吸气体、十二导联心电以及功率踏车技术，实时监测在不同负荷条件下，人体心率、氧耗量和二氧化碳排出量等心肺功能参数的动态变化，从而客观、定量地评价心肺储备功能，为医师诊断、评估心肺功能疾病以及运动耐受力提供相应的临床资料。本系统结合十二导联心电图、呼吸流量、血压、二氧化碳和氧气五大生命体征监测功能，联合计算出静息状态下的静态肺功能参数，如用力肺活量（FVC）、慢肺活量（SVC）和最大通气量（MVV）等，计算出运动情况下的动态心肺功能参数，如每分钟摄氧量（VO2）、每分钟二氧化碳排出量（VCO2）以及无氧阈（AT）等。通过验证，该系统稳定可靠，参数计算准确，可准确诊断运动不耐受，为评价人体呼吸、循环、代谢等功能提供可靠的参考，具有较好的应用前景。     

Rehabilitation training improves exercise tolerance after percutaneous coronary intervention

The aim of this present study was to investigate the effects of training on exercise tolerance of patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention.Fifty-seven cases of coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention were divided randomly into the rehabilitation training group(26 cases) and control group(31 cases).Patients in the rehabilitation training group received rehabilitation training at different stages and exercise intensities 3 d after percutaneous coronary intervention for 3 months.The heart rate,blood pressure,ECG changes in treadmill exercise test,and the frequency of anginal episodes were observed.The results showed that NST and ΣST of ECG and the frequency of anginal episodes were significantly reduced in the rehabilitation training group.In addition,exercise tolerance was improved and the total exercise time was lengthened in these patients.Moreover,ST segment depression time and emergence time of angina with exercise were also lengthened compared with controls(P < 0.05,or 0.01).However,the heart rate and blood pressure before and after exercise of the two groups were similar.The study indicated that rehabilitation training could significantly relieve angina,amend ischemic features of ECG,and improve exercise tolerance of coronary heart disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention.     

Ischaemic heart disease and the changes in the QRS and ST segments during exercise: a pilot study with a novel vectorcardiographic system.

In order to find new ischaemic parameters, the spatial changes of the Frank vectorcardiogram were continuously analysed with a new, highly precise vectorcardiographic method during, and immediately after a maximal exercise test. This was done in 18 young healthy males, and 18 patients with scintigraphic reversible ischaemia. During exercise, different patterns between the groups were noted for the changes in the mean QRS magnitude in the Y-lead (P less than 0.005), the QRS-integral (P less than 0.05), and the QRS-duration (P less than 0.05). Immediately after exercise, several QRS parameters in the normal group continued to change according to the same pattern as during exercise (P less than 0.05), which was in contrast with the patterns of the ischaemic group (P less than 0.01). The spatial ST difference at J+20 ms discriminated well between the groups, especially when corrected for QRS-magnitudes at rest and heart rate (P less than 0.0005). In short, this pilot study supports previous findings in that changes in amplitude and duration of the QRS complex during exercise discriminated between healthy young males and patients with ischaemic heart disease. Moreover, rapid discriminating changes were seen in the QRS segment during cessation of exercise. These changes deserve attention since they may be of importance for the conflicting results on the diagnostic value of QRS changes during exercise.