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目的 探讨腔镜深筋膜下结扎交通支静脉治疗下肢慢性静脉性溃疡的疗效。方法 手术治疗７例下肢静脉曲张病人,该７例均同时存在浅静脉倒流,交通支静脉功能不全,深静脉功能不全和静脉性溃疡。手术方式为腔镜深筋膜下交通支静脉结扎,大隐静脉高位结并抽剥和小腿曲张的浅静脉经连续环形缝扎术,其中５例同时行股浅静脉瓣膜外修复成形术。结果 术后肢体症状和浅静脉曲张消失,６例静脉性溃疡短期内愈合,１例明显缩小。结论 腔镜深     

腔镜筋膜下交通静脉离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的:探讨腔镜筋膜下交通支静脉离断术在治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全中的作用。方法:选取CEAP分级C4级以上的患者22例(共27条肢体)行腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断术,并联合施行大隐静脉及曲张浅静脉剥脱术。结果:22例术后症状和浅静脉曲张消失,无切口感染坏死、皮下气肿及筋膜腔血肿等并发症。足靴区色素沉着及硬化明显改善,6例足靴区活动性溃疡在术后2周内愈合。随访1~12个月无静脉曲张及溃疡复发。结论:腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断术具有交通支静脉离断彻底、损伤小、恢复快、复发率低、并发症少等优点,可作为治疗CEAP分级Ap、PR的CVI患者的重要手段。     

微波腔内闭合交通支静脉术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的：评价经皮穿刺微波腔内闭合交通支静脉术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并交通支静脉功能不全的临床疗效。方法：全组213例（278条肢体）下肢浅静脉曲张伴交通支静脉功能不全病人均行大隐静脉高位结扎加下肢浅表曲张静脉穿刺微波凝固闭合,同时在超声引导下经皮穿刺微波腔内闭合病变交通支静脉;对部分下肢静脉性溃疡病人配合中西医结合方法局部换药治疗。结果：全组213例（278条肢体）术前检查有632支病变交通支静脉,术中微波闭合629支（3支交通支术中未能明确）;术后1周至3个月内彩超（或静脉造影）证实624支交通支静脉闭合或不显影,另5例共5支交通支静脉未完全闭合。109条肢体（C6）小腿溃疡愈合时间为9-101[平均（31．25±8．28）]d,169条肢体（C4、C5）皮肤营养障碍情况及症状得到不同程度的改善。201例（94．4％）随访3～42个月,小腿溃疡复发6例（5．50％）。全组D-二聚体检查术前与术后比较无统计学差异。结论：经皮穿刺微波腔内闭合交通支静脉术是治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并交通支静脉病变的微创治疗方法,具有疗效显著、安全、创伤小、易康复的特点,尤其适用于患有小腿溃疡的病人．无明显并发症。     

激光闭合在小腿交通支静脉功能不全治疗中的临床应用

目的评价经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合小腿交通支静脉治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张合并交通支静脉功能不全的临床疗效。方法全组36例(42条肢体)下肢大隐静脉曲张伴交通支静脉功能不全患者均行大隐静脉全程加下肢浅表曲张静脉穿刺激光烧灼闭合,同时在超声引导下经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合有病变交通支静脉。结果全组42条肢体术前检查有82支病变交通支静脉,术后随访1～18个月内彩超检查证实82支交通支静脉闭合。C6级的10条小腿溃疡肢体,于术后2～8周全部愈合。结论经皮穿刺激光腔内闭合小腿交通支静脉,是治疗下肢大隐静脉曲张合并交通支静脉病变可行的微创治疗方法,安全、有效、创伤小,对于合并有小腿溃疡的患者尤为适宜。     

超声定位小腿交通支离断手术治疗下肢交通支功能不全

下肢深、浅静脉之间有交通支静脉相连通,其中有向深静脉单向开放的瓣膜,引导血液从浅静脉流入深静脉.当交通支静脉尤其是小腿的交通支发生瓣膜功能不全时,深静脉的血液就会通过这些病变的交通支逆流进入浅静脉,导致下肢淤血,从而在足靴区出现一系列的皮肤营养性病变.血管外科于我院2004年6月～2005年8月采用术前超声定位腔镜下超声刀小腿交通支离断术（subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery,SEPS）治疗下肢交通支功能不全30例,取得良好效果,现报道如下.     

小腿深筋膜下内镜交通支离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的：探讨小腿深筋膜下内镜交通支离断术（离断术）治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并小腿交通支功能不全的疗效。方法：回顾性分析采用离断术治疗18例（20条肢体）合并小腿交通支功能不全的下肢慢性静脉功能不全的临床资料。结果：共发现69条交通支；功能不全者62支，功能正常者7支。手术离断65支，遗漏4支，除色素沉着外，手术后临床评分较术前均有明显降低（P＜0．01），无严重并发症发生，术后3个月随访，溃疡愈合率为88．9％，愈合后无溃疡复发。结论：小腱深筋膜下的内镜交通支离断术是一种新的安全，有效的治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并小腿交通支功能不全的手术方法，尤其适合静脉性溃疡的患者。     

激光联合腔镜治疗下肢慢性静脉性皮肤溃疡北大核心CSCD

目的探讨激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的临床疗效和意义。方法回顾性分析2011年10月至2016年2月我院收治的112例患者（124条下肢）,采用激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉曲张伴有足靴区皮肤溃疡的患者,观察术后皮肤溃疡及色素的恢复情况。结果124条肢体腔镜下可见2—6条交通支病变,术后浅静脉曲张消退,术后1个月和1年超声随访示交通支均已闭合,静脉性皮肤溃疡愈合,色素沉着减轻。结论通过激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术可有效治疗下肢静脉曲张伴溃疡,恢复快,不良反应小。     

激光联合腔镜治疗下肢慢性静脉性皮肤溃疡北大核心CSCD

目的探讨激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的临床疗效和意义。方法回顾性分析2011年10月至2016年2月我院收治的112例患者（124条下肢）,采用激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉曲张伴有足靴区皮肤溃疡的患者,观察术后皮肤溃疡及色素的恢复情况。结果124条肢体腔镜下可见2—6条交通支病变,术后浅静脉曲张消退,术后1个月和1年超声随访示交通支均已闭合,静脉性皮肤溃疡愈合,色素沉着减轻。结论通过激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术可有效治疗下肢静脉曲张伴溃疡,恢复快,不良反应小。     

内镜下静脉交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉溃疡

目的：探讨电视内镜下静脉交通支离断术的方法，优点及疗效。方法：在电视内镜下行深筋膜下交通支离断术治疗明显浅静脉曲张，交通支及深静脉瓣膜功能不全伴有静脉性溃疡，其中3例系术后复发性溃疡，行常规大隐静脉高位结扎，抽剥，小腿曲张浅静脉分段抽剥或结扎，同时行内镜下静脉交通支离断，对1例内踝部巨大溃疡者术后1周加做植皮。结果：术后浅静脉曲张消失，静脉性溃疡10天－30天，内愈合，无切口感染并发症，1例巨大溃疡植皮成功，创面术后18天愈合，结论：内镜下静脉交通支离断术治疗静脉性溃疡初步效果满意，术后并发症少。     

经腔镜深筋膜下交通支静脉结扎术的护理配合

对16例下肢静脉性溃疡患者实施经腔镜深筋膜下交通支静脉结扎术。结果16例患者手术经过顺利,无并发症发生,术后患者肢体症状消失;11例患者溃疡愈合,5例患者溃疡面缩小。提出手术室护士熟知腔镜手术配合步骤,术中准确娴熟配合,注意保暖,做好患肢驱血是手术顺利进行的保证。     

腘静脉肌袢成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的研究下肢腘静脉肌袢成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床疗效. 方法 1997年1月～2001年6月,选择经过彩色多谱勒、静脉造影确诊为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的27例(27条)下肢,病程2～32年,平均17.4年.均有浅静脉曲张;其中小腿沉重感25例;肿胀22例;足靴区色素沉着25例;单侧慢性溃疡19例;2例曾行单纯大隐静脉结扎剥脱术.静脉压静息直立时平均为(11.00±0.73) kPa, 活动后平均为(9.14±0.68) kPa.均行腘静脉肌袢成形术,同时行大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥术,有12例行腔镜下交通支结扎. 结果术后27条患肢静脉压活动后平均下降为(5.94±0.82) kPa.与术前活动后平均值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).近期疗效良好,小腿沉重感及肿胀完全或基本消失,溃疡创面在2周内愈合.术后22条患肢获2～6年随访,21条患肢疗效优良,无复发;1例随访3年时因肌袢粘连导致小腿深静脉血栓形成. 结论严格掌握适应证,规范手术操作,腘静脉肌袢成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,可获得满意效果.     

Superficial vein surgery and SEPS for chronic venous insufficiency

Venous insufficiency in its severe forms leads to skin changes which, in turn may be treated by surgical therapy. Interventions are directed towards correction of the underlying abnormal venous physiology. This involves removal of varicose veins and ablation of incompetent axial veins and relevant perforating veins. In performing ablation of saphenous vein reflux, techniques include high ligation with stripping, radiofrequency ablation, endovenous laser therapy, and foam sclerotherapy. Incompetent perforator interruption can be accomplished surgically by subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) or controlled sclerotherapy using ultrasound. A variety of techniques have emerged to manage the varicose veins themselves. Surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with high ligation in the groin and inversion stripping of the great saphenous vein to the knee combined with stab avulsion of varicose veins continues to be the standard in treatment of varicose veins. There are few comparisons of sclerotherapy of perforating veins with SEPS, but SEPS has become the most popular of surgical options.     

Development of Open-Scope Subfascial Perforating Vein Surgery: Lessons Learned from the First 67 Cases

Although perforating vein surgery in treatment and prevention of venous ulcers remains controversial, minimization of the procedure has allowed its reevaluation. We have chosen to develop the technique using a single port and an open scope using a variety of mostly nondisposable instrumentation. Since our first subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgical (SEPS) procedure in July 1993, we have operated on 67 limbs in 62 patients (27 women, 35 men) ranging in age from 24 to 85 years. Using CEAP criteria, there were 16 limbs in class 4, 13 in class 5, and 38 in class 6. Preoperative investigations included duplex ultrasound in 35 cases, ascending phlebography in 29 cases, and selective use of physiologic testing with air plethysmography (APG) in 12 patients. A variety of initial explorations using different-diameter scopes has given way to single-port methodology for medial leg exploration. A mean of 3.08 perforators per patient was interrupted using electrocoagulation or metal clips and scissor division. This technique, as developed, allows same-day or short-stay (<24 hr) surgery. A vigorous program of thromboembolism prophylaxis was used in selected cases. From these 67 csaes we conclude that endoscopic perforating vein interruption provides a useful tool for the surgeon interested in treating severe chronic venous insufficiency. The open-scope, single-port technique accomplishes intervention objectives in a simplified manner. Although recurrent chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is not eliminated, its postoperative treatment is markedly eased.     

Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery in patients with post-thrombotic venous insufficiency--is it justified?

Previous results following subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery were reported to be worse in post-thrombotic syndrome than in limbs with primary valvular incompetence. This report comprises a larger patient cohort with longer follow-up. The goal of this study was to determine if subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery is justified in patients with post-thrombotic venous insufficiency. The clinical data of 91 consecutive patients who underwent subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery with or without superficial reflux ablation over a 7-year period from May 1993 to June 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-four females and 37 males (median age, 53 years; range, 20-77) underwent 103 subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery procedures. Forty-two limbs were classified as C6 (active ulcer), 34 as C5 (healed ulcer), and 24 as C4 (lipodermatosclerosis). Thirty procedures were performed in post-thrombotic limbs. Concomitant superficial reflux ablation was performed in 74 limbs (72%); saphenous vein stripping had been previously performed in 29 (28%). Deep venous incompetence was present in 89% of limbs; 13% had venous outflow obstruction on plethysmography. Cumulative ulcer healing in post-thrombotic limbs was not significantly different from limbs with primary valvular incompetence; 30-, 60-, and 90-day healing rates were 44%, 72%, and 72% vs 39%, 70%, and 87%, respectively (p = 0.35). On univariate analysis, the presence of ulcer greater than 2 cm in diameter was associated with delayed ulcer healing (p = 0.02). Cumulative ulcer recurrence in all limbs was 4%, 20%, and 27% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Ulcer recurrence in post-thrombotic limbs was higher than in limbs with primary valvular incompetence at 1, 3, and 5 years; 16%, 47%, and 56% vs 0%, 8%, and 15%, respectively (p = 0.001). Recurrent ulcers were small, superficial, and easier to heal. Clinical improvement was significant even in post-thrombotic limbs; median clinical score decreased from 9.5 to 3 (p = 0.001), and median outcome score was +2 (mean 1.9; range, -1 to 3). Median clinical score in patients with primary valvular incompetence improved from 6 to 1.5 (p = 0.0001). Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery with superficial reflux ablation promoted ulcer healing, improved clinical outcome, and resulted in a low long-term ulcer recurrence rate in limbs with primary valvular incompetence. Despite good clinical outcome in post-thrombotic limbs, ulcer recurrence was high. These results imply that the role of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery with superficial reflux ablation in patients with post-thrombotic limbs continues to be controversial.     

Development of perforator vein surgery from the Linton and Cockett procedure to endoscopic dissection

Interruption of incompetent perforator veins (PV) is regarded as one of the principles of therapy in cases of severe stages of chronic venous insufficiency. This paper is to demonstrate the development of PV surgery from the original procedure (termed the radical Linton's operation after its originator) to minimal invasive approaches as the subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS). Subfascial or epifascial interruption is frequently complicated by poor postoperative wound healing (sometimes more than 50%) even in cases with smaller incisions as the former Linton's procedure. PV interruption by hooks and special knives has been in wide use, however, the procedure is not as precise as a direct subfascial approach. The blind subfascial perforator interruption and fasciotomy by Hach has been advocated in severe forms of chronic venous insufficiency. It was Hauer at the beginning of the eighties who introduced a video-controlled surgical approach using a scope with fiberoptic lighting and video camera. At this time, a variety of instruments and modified techniques exists, but the effect of SEPS on venous hemodynamics and clinical outcome is not totally proven due to an additional reflux or obstruction in the deep or saphenous veins and concurrent epifascial surgery. A lower rate of complications of the endoscopic procedures is described, however, there is still a rate of about 5% hematoma and about 7% delayed wound healing. SEPS is an important adjunct in severe cases of PV insufficiency with chronic venous ulcers and lipodermatosclerosis. SEPS will fail in circular crural ulceration where the lesion should be totally excised and covered with skin transplantation. Up to now there is no study to demonstrate the efficacy of SEPS in patients with primary saphenous vein incompetence without deep reflux.     

内镜筋膜下交通静脉结扎治疗慢性下肢静脉性溃疡的临床体会

目的:探讨内镜筋膜下交通静脉结扎术(subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery,SEPS)治疗慢性下肢静脉性溃疡的临床效果。方法:回顾分析78例,86条下肢慢性静脉性溃疡患者行内镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断+大隐静脉高位结扎并抽剥术的临床资料。结果:患者术后均恢复良好,浅静脉曲张消失,溃疡愈合,未发生明显并发症,随访1~3年,无皮肤溃疡及浅静脉曲张复发。结论:大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术+SEPS治疗下肢静脉性溃疡有效,患者创伤小、康复快,效果好。     

Great Saphenous Vein Stripping with Liberal Use of Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery (SEPS)

This study is based on a unique registry of 632 patients who underwent great saphenous vein (GSV) stripping and liberal use of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) for minimal to severe lower limb venous insufficiency. Clinical examinations and color-coded duplex scanning were performed on a randomly selected, manageable sample of 170 limbs to assess the affect of early SEPS on junctional (saphenofemoral [SFJ] and/or saphenopopliteal [SPJ]) and perforator vein (PV) insufficiencies and superficial varicosities at a median of 6.5 years. PV incompetence was present in 68 legs (40%), as the sole transfascial insufficiency in 28 limbs and combined with SFJ or SPJ incompetence in 40 limbs. Junction incompetence alone characterized an additional 38 limbs, bringing the total transfascial insufficiency prevalence to 62%. Superficial varicosities affected 46% of limbs. Overall CEAP clinical class was unimproved beyond preoperative values. PV incompetence was associated with higher CEAP and clinical venous severity scores than were junctional insufficiencies alone. We concluded that PV incompetence alone or combined with junctional insufficiency is associated with increased symptoms and disease progression. The prevalence of SFJ, SPJ, and PV incompetence (62%) and recurrent varicosities (46%) suggests that early use of SEPS does not prevent disease progression and offers no benefit over GSV stripping in the absence of deep vein insufficiency or threatened ulceration.     

内镜下深筋膜下交通支离断术治疗老年下肢慢性静脉性溃疡

目的 :探讨电视内镜下深筋膜下交通支静脉离断术治疗老年下肢慢性静脉性溃疡的可行性。方法 :大隐静脉曲张 6例 (10条肢体 ) ,同时存在浅静脉倒流、交通支静脉功能不全和静脉性溃疡 ,4条肢体深静脉功能不全。手术方法为高位结扎大隐静脉 ,分段抽剥 ,内镜下行深筋膜下交通支离断术 ,1例行股静脉戴戒术。结果 :术后肢体症状和浅静脉曲张消失 ,肢体溃疡或皮炎 3周内愈合。结论 :内镜下深筋膜下交通支结扎术具有微创、有效的特点 ,是治疗下肢静脉功能不全性溃疡的有效方法     

筋膜下内镜交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的体会

目的:探讨深筋膜下内镜交通支静脉离断术(subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery,SEPS)治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的可行性及应用价值。方法:回顾分析2008年12月至2011年4月为7例(8条肢体)下肢静脉性溃疡伴下肢静脉交通支瓣膜功能不全患者行大隐静脉剥脱术及SEPS的临床资料。结果:7例(8条肢体)手术均获成功,曲张静脉团块消失,下肢静脉血淤滞得到解决,色素沉着减轻,溃疡愈合。术后随访1～3年,无一例复发。结论:SEPS适于治疗下肢静脉交通支瓣膜功能不全的下肢静脉性溃疡患者,手术创伤小、安全、简单、易行,疗效确切,应用价值较高。     

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目的 讨论电视内镜下静脉交通支离断术的方法,优越性,并对随访时间在2年以上的病例进行总结。方法 对23例下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全伴发溃疡病人施行内镜下静脉交通支离断术,对术后溃疡愈合情况进行2年以上随访。结果 23例病人平均随访29个月,21例溃疡在术后4-40天内愈合,1例病人术后切口感染。结论 内镜下静脉交通支离断术初步治疗效果满意,术后并发症少,具有一定的临床应用价值。