奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠的配伍稳定性考察

目的考察奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠的配伍稳定性。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与拉氧头孢钠配伍后在不同时间的含量变化,并考察其pH值、外观及不溶性微粒。结果在室温下放置8h内配伍液澄明,奥硝唑含量无明显变化,拉氧头孢钠含量稍有下降,pH值略微变化。结论奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与注射用拉氧头孢钠可配伍应用。     

拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性考察

目的考察拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性。方法采用紫外分光光度法考察不同时间下配伍液中拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑的含量变化，以及配伍液中不溶性微粒数、配伍液外观和pH值等的变化。结果在室温下，8h内配伍液澄明，无沉淀产生，配伍液的吸收曲线未发生变化，奥硝唑和拉氧头孢钠的含量和pH值均无明显变化。结论拉氧头孢钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液可配伍使用。     

奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与注射用头孢替唑钠配伍的稳定性考察

目的:考察奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与头孢替唑钠配伍的稳定性.方法:采用紫外分光光度法,考察不同时间配伍液中2种药物的含量变化及配伍液的不溶性微粒检测,并观察配伍液外观和pH的变化.结果:在室温(25℃)下,8 h内配伍液澄明,奥硝唑及头孢替唑钠含量及pH值基本无改变,配伍液色泽无变化.结论:奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与头孢替唑钠配伍8 h内是稳定的.     

头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性研究

目的考察注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性。方法在室温（20℃）下采用紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后6h内不同时间点的含量，并观察配伍液的外观及pH值变化。结果两药配伍后6h内的含量、pH值及外观均无明显变化。结论注射用头孢匹胺钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液可在配伍后6h内使用。     

注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的稳定性考察

目的：考察注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后的稳定性。方法：在25℃室温条件下，模拟临床用药浓度，测定注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后8h内的含量和pH变化，并观察配伍液的外观变化。结果：配伍8h内头孢硫脒与奥硝唑的含量、配伍液pH以及外观均无明显变化。结论：注射用头孢硫脒与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后在室温下8h内的含量、pH及性状稳定。     

头孢美唑与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性考察

目的:考察注射用头孢美唑与奥硝唑/氯化钠注射液配伍后的稳定性。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定注射用头孢美唑与奥硝唑/氯化钠注射液配伍后的质量浓度,同时观察配伍液的外观性状变化,并测定pH值。结果:室温条件下8h内配伍液的外观性状、pH值及头孢美唑与奥硝唑的质量浓度均无明显变化。结论:注射用头孢美唑与奥硝唑/氯化钠注射液在临床应用中可配伍使用。     

拉氧头孢钠与替硝唑葡萄糖注射液配伍的稳定性考察

目的: 考察拉氧头孢钠与替硝唑葡萄糖注射液配伍的稳定性.方法: 采用紫外分光光度法,考察不同时间下配伍液中两种药物的含量变化、配伍液的不溶性微粒检测及外观和pH值的变化.结果: 在室温下,8 h内配伍液澄明,替硝唑含量无变化,拉氧头孢钠含量稍有下降,pH值略微变化.结论: 拉氧头孢钠与替硝唑葡萄糖注射液可配伍使用.     

五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性考察

目的考察五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑配伍的稳定性。方法在室温下（25℃）观察8h内注射用五水头孢唑啉钠（51mg／L）与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液（20mg／L）配伍液的pH值、外观及紫外光谱的变化，用紫外双波长分光光度法及系数倍率法分别测定五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑的含量。结果五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑配伍液的pH值、外观、含量无明显变化。结论注射用五水头孢唑啉钠与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液的配伍液在25℃下、8h内可配伍使用。     

左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性考察

目的:考察左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍稳定性.方法:在室温(20℃)条件下采用紫外分光光度法考察左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑配伍后在6 h内含量变化,并观察配伍液的外观及pH值变化.结果:左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液配伍后外观、pH值及含量均无明显变化.结论:左氧氟沙星与奥硝唑氯化钠注射液在6 h内可以配伍使用.     

奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与阿昔洛韦配伍的稳定性考察

目的 对奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与阿昔洛韦配伍的稳定性进行考察。方法 采用紫外分光光度法，考察不同时间配伍液中2种药物的含量变化，并观察配伍液外观和pH值的变化。结果 奥硝唑氯化钠和阿昔洛韦在室温（25℃）和37℃恒温下配伍后，8h内外观、pH值及含量均无明显变化。结论 奥硝唑氯化钠注射液与阿昔洛韦配伍在8h内是稳定的。     

高效液相色谱法测定膦甲酸钠氯化钠注射液中膦甲酸钠的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定膦甲酸钠氯化钠注射液中膦甲酸钠含量的方法.方法采用阴离子交换柱(Waters IC Pak A柱,50 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm);以0.05 mol·L-1邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液(取邻苯二甲酸氢钾0.204 g,加水适量,振摇使溶解,加1mol·L-1硝酸溶液5 mL,加水稀释至2 000 mL,摇匀即得)为流动相;流速1.4 mL·min-1,检测波长290nm.结果本方法在0.98～4.90g·L-1浓度范围呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 4),进样重现性RSD为0.71%(n=5),平均回收率为98.93%.结论本法简便、快速、结果准确可靠,可用于膦甲酸钠氯化钠注射液中膦甲酸钠的含量测定.     

Talaporfin sodium

Importance of the field: Despite therapeutic advances, cancer remains the cause of an estimated 23% of deaths in the USA. New treatments for malignancy are greatly needed.

Areas covered in this review: Talaporfin sodium is a light-activated drug that causes tissue death through induction of apoptosis. Systemic antitumor effects mediated by CD8⁺ T cells have been demonstrated in preclinical studies, providing a mechanism for distant response of tumors noted in clinical trials. Talaporfin sodium is approved in Japan for early-stage endobronchial cancer. Phase I and II studies in solid tumors have shown tumor regression in patients refractory to other therapies. Phase III pivotal studies against hepatocellular carcinoma as monotherapy and liver-metastatic colorectal cancer in combination with chemotherapy are ongoing. Talaporfin sodium is also in studies in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Substantial safety data from clinical trials so far indicate that the drug is well tolerated.

What the reader will gain: Talaporfin sodium has a broad safety profile and a mode of action that could affect growth in treated and untreated tumors.

Take home message: Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that talaporfin sodium treatment may offer a powerful option to synergize current therapies, as well as an alternative monotherapy in treating cancer.     

头孢哌酮钠-舒巴坦钠致血小板减少

1名83岁男性患者因胆道系统感染,静脉给予注射用头孢哌酮钠-舒巴坦钠2.0g,1次/白天;1.0g,1次/晚上。用药6d内血小板进行性下降,由164×109/L下降到68×109/L。停用头孢哌酮钠-舒巴坦钠,改用左氧氟沙星治疗。1周后患者PLT恢复正常。     

哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠致抽搐

1例26岁男性患者,4年前行肾移植术,近5个月接受血液透析,因肺部感染给予哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠4.5 g加入0.9%氯化钠注射液100 ml、1次/d静脉滴注。第2次用药后5 h,患者突发抽搐、意识丧失、双眼上翻、双腿抽动。先后给予地西泮10 mg肌内注射及7 mg静脉注射,上述症状消失。     

Inhaled sodium metabisulphite induced bronchoconstriction: inhibition by nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate.

1. The effects of nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate on bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled sodium metabisulphite have been studied in eight atopic subjects, three of whom had mild asthma. 2. Nedocromil sodium (4 mg, 7.8 X 10(-6) M), sodium cromoglycate (10 mg, 24.1 X 10(-6) M) and matched placebo were administered by identical metered dose inhalers 30 min before a dose-response to sodium metabisulphite (5-100 mg ml-1) was performed. 3. Maximum fall in sGaw after placebo pre-treatment was -43.9 +/- 3.3% baseline (mean +/- s.e. mean). At the same metabisulphite concentration maximum fall in sGaw after sodium cromoglycate was -13.0 +/- 3.6% and after nedocromil sodium was +4.3 +/- 6.8%. Nedocromil sodium prevented any significant fall in sGaw even after higher concentrations of metabisulphite. 4. Both nedocromil sodium, 4 mg, and sodium cromoglycate, 10 mg, inhibited sodium metabisulphite induced bronchoconstriction but nedocromil sodium was significantly more effective. Relative in vivo potency of the two drugs is broadly in line with other in vivo and in vitro studies.     

Dalteparin sodium

Dalteparin sodium (Fragmin?, Pharmacia Corporation) is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with a mean molecular weight of approximately 5000 Da. As with the other LMWHs, dalteparin sodium has certain advantages over unfractionated heparin (UFH), most important of which are improved bio-availability by sc. injection, a prolonged antithrombotic activity which is highly correlated with body weight permitting the o.d. administration of the drug. Dalteparin sodium has been subjected to a large number of well-designed randomised clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders. Based on data from the randomised clinical trials, dalteparin sodium has been approved internationally for a wide spectrum of clinical indications (e.g., prevention of thromboembolic events after surgery). Dalteparin sodium has also been studied in randomised controlled trials in the maintenance of graft patentcy following peripheral vascular surgery, in place of warfarin for the long-term treatment of patients presenting with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in the prevention of upper extremity thrombosis in patients with indwelling portacath devices and in pregnant patients with a history of previous venous thromboembolism with or without thrombophilia. Dalteparin sodium has been compared with heparin for the prevention of thrombotic complications during haemodyalisis and haemofiltration. These studies have shown promising results but further work is required before dalteparin sodium can be recommended for these indications.     

哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠致白细胞减少

1例46岁女性患者,因术后颅内感染静脉滴注哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠4.5 g,1次/8 h。用药第13、15天外周血白细胞计数从用药前的10.61×109/L分别降至1.79×109/L和1.00×109/L。立即换用其他抗菌药物,同时给予重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)150μg皮下注射,1次/d。改变治疗后4 d,血白细胞计数升至6.95×109/L。改变治疗后6 d脑脊液白细胞数由首次用药后15 d的8×106/L升至56×106/L,再次给予哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠4.5 g静脉滴注,1次/8 h,rhGM-CSF剂量未变。用药6 d颅内感染治愈,遂停用抗菌药物。治疗第2、5天白细胞计数分别为2.67×109/L和1.65×109/L。第8天停用rhGM-CSF后为5.75×109/L,第15天为4.56×109/L。     

Fondaparinux sodium

black triangle Fondaparinux sodium, a selective factor Xa inhibitor, is the first in a new class of antithrombotics. It binds selectively with high affinity to antithrombin III and specifically catalyses the inactivation of factor Xa. The elimination half-life of fondaparinux sodium permits once daily treatment. black triangle A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-ranging, multicentre phase IIb study in 933 eligible patients established that a subcutaneous dose of between 1.5 and 3mg of fondaparinux sodium has the optimum efficacy and safety profile for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. black triangle Fondaparinux sodium, given to more than 3600 patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery who participated in prospective, randomised, double-blind, multicentre phase III clinical trials, significantly reduced the incidence of venous thromboembolism, with an overall risk reduction of 55.2% compared with enoxaparin. black triangle Fondaparinux sodium was well tolerated by patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery, and at the recommended clinical dose of 2.5mg has a similar tolerability profile, including bleeding events, to standard enoxaparin regimens. Fondaparinux sodium has not been reported to cause antibody-induced thrombocytopenia.     

Danaparoid sodium

Danaparoid sodium (Orgaran?, Organon) is a heparinoid glycosaminoglycuronan antithrombotic agent approved for the prophylaxis of post-operative deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing elective hip replacement surgery. Danaparoid is a low molecular weight heparinoid consisting of a mixture of heparan sulphate (84%), dermatan sulphate (12%) and small amounts of chondroitin sulphate (4%), whose antithrombotic activity has been well established. Its pharmacological effect is exerted primarily by inhibiting Factors Xa (FXa) and IIa (FIIa) at a ratio greater than heparin, with a minimal effect on platelet function. Danaparoid exhibits low cross-reactivity with heparin-induced antibodies when compared with heparin or low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), thereby making it an excellent choice for the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). It has excellent bioavailability following sc. injection. Danaparoid has little effect on routine coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], prothrombin time [PT], and thrombin time [TT]). Patients with elevated serum creatinine should be monitored carefully. For its FDA approved indication (DVT prophylaxis during hip replacement surgery), its cost per day is approximately eight times more than LMWH. Even though monitoring is not routinely necessary according to the manufacturer for its approved indication, monitoring is frequently necessary when it is used in other clinical scenarios. Its higher cost than comparable therapies for DVT prophylaxis and the low availability of the FXa assay in most non-tertiary care hospitals has limited the widespread use of danaparoid. Danaparoid has been found to be effective in the treatment of HIT although this is an off label use, despite being the most frequent reason why danaparoid is used.