射频消融治疗5cm以内肝癌的远期疗效

超声导引经皮射频消融(radio-frequency ablation,RFA)治疗肝癌,因其灭瘤作用直接、安全微创、操作简便而得到广泛认可,现已成为治疗肝癌的重要手段之一[1-3].本院从1999年9月至2012年6月采用RFA治疗首诊5 cm以内肝癌145例,取得了良好的效果.     

射频消融治疗肝癌

射频消融为目前国际上新兴的肝癌治疗手段 ,具有安全、微创、适应证广、并发症少的特点。本文就射频消融技术的基本原理、适应证与禁忌证、临床应用治疗效果及其并发症进行讨论。     

射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌

自上世纪90年代中期以来,射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）以其微创、可靠、安全、价廉的技术优势已在国内外广泛开展,用于治疗原发性和继发性肝癌。由于技术本身的限制,RFA尤其适用于早期肝癌的治疗。有报道RFA治疗小肝癌的疗效已可与手术切除效果相当;对于较大的、或多发的中晚期肝癌,RFA也取得了较好的佳绩。下面结合国内外文献及本所1000多例RFA治疗的经验对此问题作个讨论,并谈一下个人的观点。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合射频消融治疗直径>5cm的原发性肝癌

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(transarterial chemoembolization,TACE)联合射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)对于直径5 cm的肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月~2014年1月30例直径5 cm的HCC患者资料,年龄34~83岁,(58.4±12.7)岁。肝内肿瘤均为单发,直径5~17 cm,(7.0±2.6)cm。肝功能Child-Pugh评分A级19例,B级11例。患者一般状态卡氏功能状态(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)评分70~100分,(88.6±10.3)分。治疗顺序:先行TACE治疗,TACE后适时给予RFA。随访过程中如发现肿瘤局部残存或复发,仍行TACE结合RFA治疗。随访终点事件为患者死亡或随访期结束(2014年1月)。采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存期分析,并对随访结束时尚存活患者的Child-Pugh评分和KPS评分进行治疗前后的统计学比较。结果经TACE和RFA联合治疗后,30例初始病灶中完全灭活23例(76.7%),未完全灭活7例(23.3%)。随访期内24例(80%)出现肝内新发病灶,6例(20%)未再出现新发病灶。至随访终止,完全缓解(complete remission,CR)9例(30%),部分缓解(partial remission,PR)1例(3.3%),疾病进展(progression of disease,PD)7例(23.3%),死亡13例(43.3%)。存活患者随访期内Child-Pugh评分及KPS评分变化无统计学意义(P0.05)。全组随访时间13~60个月,(34.1±14.1)月。中位生存期48个月(95%CI 34~62个月)。1、3、5年生存率分别为96.7%、69.5%、33.2%。结论本研究进一步证实TACE联合RFA安全有效,可以控制HCC患者肝内病变的进展,改善其生活质量,生存期数据满意。对于直径5 cm的HCC患者,TACE联合RFA是有效的治疗手段之一。     

直径不大于5cm孤立性肝癌：射频消融与手术治疗的比较

目的 分析射频消融（RFA）和手术切除（SR）两种治疗方式对直径≤5 cm孤立性肝细胞癌预后的影响,比较其优劣性。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月中山大学附属中山医院、华中科技大学附属同济医院、孝感市中心医院收治的直径≤5 cm的孤立性肝细胞癌、并接受以上其中一种治疗方式的病人资料,共606例。患者分为A组（直径≤2 cm）、B组（2 cm<直径≤3 cm）、C组（3 cm<直径≤5 cm）3个亚组,其中A组：77例;B组：239例;C组：290例。调查RFA和SR两种治疗方式在各亚组和总体人群中对预后影响,并进一步分析影响RFA疗效的主要原因。结果 在肝细胞癌患者总体人群中,行SR组患者的生存预后优于RFA组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。肿瘤直径≤2 cm时,SR与RFA临床疗效相当,生存预后和无复发生存无统计学差异（P>0.05）。2 cm<直径≤3 cm时,SR的生存预后和无复发生存均优于RFA;直径为>3 cm且≤5 cm的肝细胞癌患者,SR的生存预后和无复发生存优于RFA,差异存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。结...     

腹腔镜下射频消融治疗肝癌

腹腔镜下射频消融(laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation，LRFA)治疗肝癌是一项新兴的技术，是射频与腹腔镜这两项微创技术结合的产物。它融合了二者的优点，可有效地提高射频消融(radiofrequency ablation，RFA)治疗的效果，扩大RFA治疗的适应证，减少并发症的发生。20世纪90年代后期已完成了由动物实验阶段向临床应用阶段的转变，在国外得到一定的发展，并已积累了一定的临床经验。初步应用效果良好。     

腹腔镜射频消融治疗肝癌体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜下射频消融(LRFA)治疗肝癌的效果。方法〓回顾性分析2010年10月~2013年12月,采用LRFA方法治疗各类肝癌26例,肿瘤位于肝脏Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ段或膈顶以及邻近胆囊胃肠等空腔脏器部位,直径2.2~11.0 cm,单病灶18例,多病灶8例,共39个病灶。肝功能Child A或B级。结果〓26例均顺利完成LRFA治疗,消融时间12~112 min,平均48 min;术后出现腹水2例,胸腔积液1例,无肝衰竭、出血、胆道损伤等并发症。术后1个月B超、CT扫描检查,17例肿瘤不同程度坏死,4例部分液化,5例发现多发病灶及门静脉癌栓消融无效。结论〓LRFA易于操作,并发症少,对特殊部位的肝癌是一种可选择的治疗手段。     

射频消融技术治疗原发性肝癌

笔者应用多电极射频消融技术治疗32例原发性肝癌患者（48个病灶）。其中26个病灶应用经皮经肝射频消融技术治疗；22个病灶开腹射频消融技术治疗。结果示治疗后病灶完全坏死的有32个(66.7%)，90%～99%坏死的有10个(20.8%)， 50%～89%坏死的有6个(12.5%)。病灶直径<3cm和3～5cm者其治疗效果优于直径>5cm者。开腹射频消融治疗组较之经皮经肝治疗组完全坏死者明显增多。治疗中4例发生并发症，分别为肝脓肿、自限性出血、胆囊炎和轻度皮肤烧伤，无与本技术相关的死亡。严重的并发症肝脓肿似乎不完全由射频消融治疗引起，主要可能与无菌操作不严有关。提示对不能手术切除的肝癌患者来说，射频消融技术是一种相对简单、安全、高效和并发症少的治疗方法。     

小肝癌的射频消融治疗

目的： 总结射频消融(RFA)治疗肿瘤直径≤5cm小肝癌的疗效和经验。方法： 从1999年9月-2005年5月期间，采用RFA治疗肿瘤直径≤5cm的原发性或转移性肝癌共130例, 其中原发性肝癌86例，转移性肝癌44例。18例结合肝动脉栓塞化疗，20例同时行RFA联合瘤内无水酒精注射术。结果：1，3年总累积存活率分别为91.3%，77.7%。治疗中7例发生并发症，分别为少量胆瘘、肠瘘、轻度皮肤灼伤，未发现与治疗相关的死亡。结论：RFA对肿瘤直径≤5cm的小肝癌是一种相对安全、有效的治疗方法，并有可能达到与手术切除相似的效果。     

射频消融治疗肝癌的现状

射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）是肝癌治疗的有效方法之一。RFA从最初治疗一些失去手术机会的肝癌,现已成为肝癌的主要治疗手段之一,其适应证在不断扩大,应用范围越来越广。本文就RFA治疗肝癌的新进展,以及一些热点问题做一概述。     

微小肝癌的经皮消融疗效观察

目的评估经皮消融治疗微小肝癌的临床疗效。方法2003年7月至2006年7月，对中山大学附属第一医院肝胆外科收治的单个结节直径≤2cm的33例微小肝癌病人行超声引导经皮消融，视肿瘤所在部位分别采用水冷式低杆温微波消融或多极无水酒精消融，每个肿瘤治疗1次。结果肿瘤完全消融率为93．9％，局部复发率9．1％，远处复发率33．3％，1年、2年和3年无瘤存活率分别为62．6％、62．6％和62．6％，总存活率84．0％、74．5％和63．9％。单因素预后相关分析显示甲胎蛋白基线水平与无瘤存活率显著相关，甲胎蛋白、治疗后远处复发与总存活率显著相关。多因素相关分析显示甲胎蛋白和远处复发是影响总存活率的独立危险因子。结论经皮消融对微小肝癌疗效良好，病人的甲胎蛋白基线水平和治疗后远处复发是影响预后的重要因素。     

Effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 3 cm in diameter

HYPOTHESIS: Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinomas 3.1 to 8.0 cm in diameter. DESIGN: Case series with prospective data collection. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Eighty-six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiofrequency ablation from May 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002, were placed into categories of those with tumors 3 cm or smaller (group 1, n = 51) and those with tumors 3.1 to 8.0 cm (group 2, n = 35) in diameter. INTERVENTIONS: Radiofrequency ablation was performed with a single or cluster cool-tip electrode. The choice of treatment route was based on tumor size and position. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Complication, treatment mortality, and complete ablation rates. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation was performed percutaneously in 26 patients in group 1 and 9 patients in group 2, with laparoscopy in 2 patients in group 1 and 1 patient in group 2, and with open operation in 23 patients in group 1 and 25 patients in group 2. The complication rates were 12% and 17% in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P =.48); treatment mortality rates were 0% and 3%, respectively (P =.41). Complete ablation rates after a single session of ablation assessed by means of computed tomography 1 month after treatment were 94% and 91% in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P =.68). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinomas 3.1 to 8.0 cm in diameter.     

胃小于5厘米的胃肠间质瘤诊断与治疗

胃肠间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST）是胃肠道最常见的黏膜下肿瘤.约60%的GIST原发于胃,是胃部最常见的上皮下肿瘤（subepithelial tumors,SETs）[1].有10%～30%的GIST患者无明显临床症状,仅在外科手术中、或影像学和内镜检查时、甚至是尸检时无意中发现,其中绝大多数GIST病灶小于5 cm（胃小GIST）[1-4].近10年来,随着对GIST的认识和检查手段的进步,     

腹腔镜加强型射频消融治疗直径》5cm肝血管瘤的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜加强型射频消融术治疗直径〉5 cm肝血管瘤的疗效和技术要点.方法 22例肝血管瘤（直径〉5 cm）应用最新的加强型射频消融电极[StarBurst（R） Xli-enhanced RFA]进行腹腔镜射频治疗,采用腹腔镜超声定位穿刺血管瘤主要供血区域,逐步法张开电极,改变射频电极位置,治疗范围以覆盖整个瘤体及周边0.5～1 cm正常肝组织为标准.结果 22例均安全地完成腹腔镜射频消融术,单个病灶射频消融时间为（81.9±18.5） min,手术时间为（96.5±15.4） min,出血量为（74.7±32.8） ml.术后2例出现明显血红蛋白尿,未发生腹腔出血、胃肠道损伤、膈肌损伤及肝衰竭等并发症.术后1个月螺旋CT增强扫描证实,瘤体完全消融率达95.5%.术后无症状再发,复查B超见病灶明显缩小,血供完全消失,定期复查B超未见血管瘤复发.结论 腹腔镜加强型射频消融术治疗直径〉5 cm肝血管瘤是安全有效的治疗方法,可进一步扩大射频消融术的手术指征.     

Surgical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer 1 cm or less in diameter

BACKGROUND: Routine lung cancer screening does not currently exist in the United States. Computed tomography can detect small cancers and may well be the screening choice in the future. Controversy exists, however, regarding the surgical management of these small lung cancers. METHODS: The records of all patients were reviewed who underwent resection of solitary non-small cell lung cancers 1 cm or less in diameter from 1980 through 1999. RESULTS: The study included 100 patients (56 men and 44 women) with a median age of 67 years (range 43 to 84 years). Lobectomy was performed in 71 patients, bilobectomy in 4, segmentectomy in 12, and wedge excision in 13. Ninety-four patients had complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. The cancer was an adenocarcinoma in 48 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 26, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in 19, large cell carcinoma in 4, adenosquamous cell carcinoma in 2, and undifferentiated in 1. Tumor diameter ranged from 3 to 10 mm. Seven patients had lymph node metastases (N1, 5 patients; N2, 2 patients). Postsurgical stage was IA in 92 patients, IB in 1, IIA in 5, and IIIA in 2. There were four operative deaths. Follow-up was complete in all patients and ranged from 4 to 214 months (median 43 months). Eighteen patients (18.0%) developed recurrent lung cancer. Overall and lung cancer-specific 5-year survivals were 64.1% and 85.4%, respectively. Patients who underwent lobectomy had significantly better survival and fewer recurrences than patients who had wedge excision or segmentectomy (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Because recurrent cancer and lymph node metastasis can occur in patients with non-small cell lung cancers 1 cm or less in size, lobectomy with lymph node dissection is warranted when medically possible.     

Surgical treatment of pathological stage III and IV lung cancer less than 3 cm in diameter

We analyzed stage III and IV lung cancer with tumor size smaller than 3.0 cm. The percentage of adenocarcinoma among the patients with stage III A lung cancer was high. In survival rate, there was no observable difference between the patients with tumor size smaller than 3.0 cm and the patients with tumor size larger than 3.1 cm. But the ratio of the people who had a long survival was high in the latter group. Among the stage IV patients, the pm 1 group with N0 or N1 had a good prognosis (52%, 50% at 5 years).     

经皮射频消融与再手术治疗单个直径≤3 cm的复发性肝癌的疗效比较

目的 比较经皮射频消融(PRFA)与再手术切除治疗单个直径≤3 cm的复发性肝癌的疗效.方法 回顾性分析1999年1月至2009年12月中山大学肿瘤防治中心收治的151例复发性肝癌(单个肿瘤直径≤3 cm)患者的临床资料,其中79例患者行PRFA(PRFA组),72例行肿瘤再手术切除(再手术切除组).比较两组患者的生存率、并发症发生率及肿瘤复发情况.计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用x2检验,生存率计算采用寿命表法,生存曲线采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制,组间比较采用Log-rank检验.结果 PRFA组和再手术切除组并发症发生率分别为13%(10/79)和36%(26/72),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.411,P＜0.05).PRFA组和再手术切除组1～5年累积生存率分别为89.7%、75.2%、67.1%、61.5%、56.6%和86.0%、67.6%、53.6%、44.1%、40.2%,两组总体生存曲线比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.610,P＞0.05).PRFA组4、5年累积生存率显著高于再手术切除组(x2=4.682,4.196,P＜0.05).PRFA组肿瘤局部复发率为5%(4/79),再手术切除组切缘复发率为3%(2/72),两组比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.565,P＞0.05).结论 PRFA治疗单个直径≤3 cm的复发性肝癌的长期疗效优于再手术切除,且具有微创的优势.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) and repeat hepatectomy for solitary recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the diameter≤3 cm. Methods The clinical data of 151 patients with recurrent HCC (diameter≤3 cm) who were admitted to the Cancer Center of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 1999 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Of all the patients, 79received PRFA (PRFA group) and 72 received repeat hepatectomy (repeat hepatectomy group). The survival rate, morbidity and recurrence of the tumor between the two groups were compared. All data were analyzed using t test, chi-square test or Log-rank test, and the survival of the patients were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The mobidities of the PRFA group and repeat hepatectomy group were 13% (10/79) and 36%(26/72), respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (x2=11.411, P＜0.05). The cumulative 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-year survival rates were 89.7%, 75.2%, 67.1%, 61.5%, 56.6% in the PRFA group, and 86.0%, 67.6%, 53.6%, 44.1%, 40.2% in the repeat hepatectomy group, with no significant difference between the two groups (x2=1.610, P＞0.05). The cumulative 4-, 5-year survival rates of the PRFA group were significant higher than those in the repeat hepatectomy group (x2=4.682, 4. 196, P ＜ 0.05). The local tumor recurrence rate of the PRFA group was 5% (4/79), and the incisal margin recurrence rate was 3% (2/72) in the repeat hepatectomy group, with no significant difference between the two groups (x2=0.565, P＞0.05). Conclusion As a less invasive treatment method, PRFA is superior to repeat hepatectomy for solitary recurrent HCC with the diameter≤3 cm.     

难治性肝癌射频消融治疗策略

射频消融(RFA)治疗肝肿瘤的安全性及有效性已得到广泛认可。但对于难治性肝癌,RFA治疗难度及风险大幅提高。重视影像指导下的规范化治疗及个体化治疗及策略,对难治性肝癌将同样可获得较好的疗效及安全性。     

MR引导下射频消融治疗乏血供原发性肝癌

目的探讨MR引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗乏血供原发性肝癌的有效性及安全性。方法收集21例乏血供原发性肝癌患者,于3.0T MR引导下采用MR兼容多极射频针行RFA。术后即刻对病灶及并发症发生情况进行影像学评估;术后1个月行肝脏MR平扫+增强扫描,之后每2～3个月复查1次,随访至2018年6月,评估肿瘤复发率。结果共消融29个病灶,术后即刻影像学评估均提示完全消融。15例术中及术后出现心率下降、疼痛、少量出血等并发症(15/21,71.43%)。共随访6～26个月,平均(10.23±4.26)个月,术后消融灶局部复发2例(2/21,9.52%)。结论 MR引导下RFA治疗乏血供原发性肝癌安全、有效,且复发率低,可在临床推广。     

经皮与开腹射频治疗肝癌的合理选择

目的：探讨射频（RFA）治疗肝癌不同途径的合理选用。方法：41例肝癌病人分为2组进行经皮射频（PRFA）治疗和开腹射频（IRFA）治疗,并对结果进行比较。结果：PRFA治疗18例病人共32个肿瘤结节,IRFA治疗23例病人共43个结节,PRFA和IRFA并发症率分别为33．3％和4．3％（P＜0．05）,随访平均10个月,PRFA组7个病灶复发（4个病人）,复发率21．9％（7／32）,而IRFA组仅1个结节复发,复发率2．3％（1／43,P＜0．025）,结论：RFA治疗肝癌途径的选用应根据病应位置,结节的大小和肝硬化程度等综合考虑而定,IRFA并发症少,治疗彻底,效果优于PRFA。