欧蓍草花水提物减轻环磷酰胺对大鼠睾丸毒性的体视学研究(英文)

Cyclophosphamide(CP) is extensively used for the treatment of various cancers,as well as an immunosuppressive agent.However,CP is known to cause several adverse effects including reproductive toxicity.Achillea millefolium,a widely distributed medicinal plant,is highly regarded for its medicinal activities,including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.The present study was conducted to assess whether Achillea millefolium inflorescences aqueous extract with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could serve as a protective agent against reproductive toxicity during CP treatment.Male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups.Two groups of rats were administered CP at a dose of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 28 d by oral gavages.One of these groups received Achillea aqueous extract at a dose of 1.2 g·kg-1·d-1 orally 4 h after cyclophosphamide administration.A vehicle treated control group and an Achillea control group were also included.The CP-treated group showed significant decreases in the body,testes and epidi-dymides weights as well as many histological alterations.Stereological parameters,spermatogenic activities and testicular antioxidant capacity along with epididymal sperm count and serum testosterone concentration were also significantly decreased by CP treatment.Notably,Achillea co-administration caused a partial recovery in above-mentioned parameters.These findings indicate that Achillea millefolium inflorescence aqueous extract may be partially protective against CP-induced testicular toxicity.     

Protective effect of bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. against cyclophosphamide induced suppression of humoral immunity in mice

The bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus produced dose dependent increase in humoral immunity and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response as evidenced by increased antibody production and increase in paw edema. The activity at higher doses, however, declines. Humoral antibody (HA) titre lowered by cyclophosphamide (CP) (p < 0.05) was enhanced by bioactive fraction at doses of 200 (p < 0.05) and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.001). There was dose dependent increase in HA titre in normal as well as immunosuppressed animals indicating that drug is effective in humoral immunity. Animals treated with cyclophosphamide and receiving bioactive fraction showed significant change in DTH response, which directly correlates with cell-mediated immunity, as compared to cyclophosphamide alone. Thus, it can be observed that a bioactive fraction of Sphaeranthus indicus acts as potentiator of DTH. Furthermore, the HPTLC fingerprint profile of the bioactive fraction was established to facilitate its identification and characterization. The results suggest that bioactive fraction influences both humoral and cell-mediated immunity and offers protection against immunosuppression induced by the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide.     

Immunomodulatory effect of Cynara scolymus (artichoke) in rats

Cynara scolymus is a plant used both as food as well as medicinal plant worldwide. Cynarin is one of the main active principles of the plant, and it is also present in species such as Echinacea purpurae, which is known to have immunomodulatory activity. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the immune effects of C. scolymus in rats. Rats were treated with 1.0‐, 2.0‐, or 4.0‐g/kg body weight of C. scolymus extract for 28 days. Haemogram, serum biochemistry, lymphoid organs weight, and their cell phenotypes were evaluated. Macrophages and neutrophils oxidative burst, specific humoral immune response, and the delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) were studied. No changes in the haemogram, biochemical profile, antibody titers, lymphoid organs, and in their cellularities were observed. An increase in the basal activity of reactive oxygen species from male's macrophage was observed. There was a suppression of the DTH response in both gender when treated with the highest dose of C. scolymus. This study is the first in the literature that revealed an immunosuppressive effect of C. scolymus. We also verified that the doses of artichoke extract here employed did not cause general toxicity.     

柳茶多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究柳茶多糖对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:取正常昆明种小鼠200只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组:空白对照组、模型组、柳茶多糖低剂量组(110 mg·kg-1)、中剂量组(220 mg·kg-1)和高剂量组(440 mg·kg-1).腹腔注射环磷酰胺制备免疫低下的小鼠模型,测定柳茶多糖对小鼠免疫器官质量、小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)的影响;血清溶血素法测定体液免疫功能;碳粒廓清法测定非特异性免疫功能;脾淋巴细胞增殖试验测定细胞免疫功能.结果:110～440 mg·kg-1的柳茶多糖能显著提高免疫器官质量,提高DTH和促进其血清溶血素lgG,lgM的含量,增强小鼠的碳粒廓清率,明显改善免疫低下小鼠的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应.结论:柳茶多糖能增加免疫低下小鼠的免疫器官质量,对非特异性免疫、迟发型变态反应、体液免疫以及细胞免疫功能均有明显的促进作用.     

Immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera

Administration of an extract from the powdered root of the plant Withania somnifera was found to stimulate immunological activity in Babl/c mice. Treatment with five doses of Withania root extract (20 mg/dose/animal; i.p.) was found to enhance the total WBC count (17125 cells/mm(3)) on 10th day. Bone marrow cellularity (27x10(6) cells/femur) as well as alpha-esterase positive cell number (1800/4000 cells) also increased significantly (P<0.001) after the administration of Withania extract. Treatment with Withania extract along with the antigen (SRBC) produced an enhancement in the circulating antibody titre and the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen. Maximum number of PFC (985 PFC/10(6) spleen cells) was obtained on the fourth day. Withania extract inhibited delayed type hypersentivity reaction in mice (Mantoux test). Administration of Withania extract also showed an enhancement in phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages (76.5 pigmented cells/200) when compared to control (31.5/200 cells) in mice. These results confirm the immunomodulatory activity of W. somnifera extract, which is a known immunomodulator in indigenous medicine.     

红药提取物对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

目的:研究红药提取物对小鼠免疫功能调节作用的影响。方法:通过观察不同浓度的红药提取物[2、10、20g/(kg.d)]对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果:与正常对照组相比,10%、50%、100%浓度的红药提取物均能够明显增加胸腺重量和脾脏重量(P<0.05~0.01),具有对抗环磷酰胺(CP)所致白细胞数量减少作用(P<0.05~0.01),能显著增强小鼠的迟发型变态反应(P<0.01),但10%红药提取物对巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶血素含量无显著影响,只有50%、100%的红药提取物才能增加巨噬细胞吞噬功能和促进溶血素的生成(P<0.05~0.01)。结论:红药提取物对小鼠的非特异性和特异性免疫功能均有明显的增强作用,但是对两者的增强作用存在着差异。     

桂枝加厚朴杏子汤加味浸膏对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察桂枝加厚朴杏子汤加味浸膏对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法采用小鼠慢性给药,观察免疫器官重量、淋巴细胞变化.结果桂枝加厚朴杏子汤加味使胸腺指数、脾脏指数均降低,明显抑制胸腺、脾脏生长;并且能明显抑制PHA、LPS诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应.结论本方对细胞免疫和体液免疫均有抑制作用.     

Immunomodulatory effect of some naturally occuring sulphur-containing compounds

The immunomodulatory effects of naturally occurring sulphur compounds such as diallyl sulphide (DAS), diallyl disulphide (DADS) and allyl methyl sulphide (AMS) were studied in BALB/c mice. After treatment with five doses (20 mg/dose) of sulphur-containing compounds, the total white blood cell (WBC) count was enhanced significantly in mice. Among the sulphur compounds studied, DADS showed the maximum number of WBC (17,900 cells/mm(3)) on the 6th day, and highest antibody titre of 516 on the 12th day. Administration of DAS and DADS enhanced the weight of vital organs such as the spleen and thymus. DADS, AMS, and DAS administration could enhance the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen of the animals. Maximum numbers of PFC (1,409 PFC/10(6) spleen cells) were observed in DADS-treated animals. Bone-marrow cellularity was also increased significantly (P<0.001) in DADS (19.3 x 10(6) cells/femur) and AMS (24.7 x 10(6) cells/femur) treated animals. The number of alpha-esterase positive cells was enhanced in DAS (1,315/4,000 cells), DADS (1,748/4,000 cells), and AMS (1,648/4,000 cells) treated animals, compared to normal animals (1,065/4,000 cells). These results are suggestive of an immunostimulating effect of sulphur compounds.     

小柴胡汤及其与青蒿素配伍的免疫学作用研究

以伯氏疟原虫感染小鼠为实验模型研究了小柴胡汤、小柴胡汤与青蒿素（QHS）配伍用药的免疫学作用。研究结果表明：小柴胡汤或小柴胡汤与QHS合并用药均可显著提高疟疾小鼠的体液免疫、非特异性免疫、红细胞免疫的能力。对Con A诱导的淋巴母细胞转化有显著的免疫抑制作用。     

Biochemical modes of action of Cassia occidentalis and Cardiospermum halicacabum in inflammation

The anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia occidentalis leaf powder and an ethanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum aerial parts were assayed in male albino rats using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. C. occidentalis was maximally active at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, while the C. halicacabum extract was maximally effective at a dose of 500 mg/kg. In the cotton pellet granuloma assay, these drugs were able to suppress the transudative, exudative and proliferative components of chronic inflammation. Further, these drugs were able to lower the lipid peroxide content and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and phospholipase A2 activity in the exudate of cotton pellet granuloma. The increased alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased A/G ratio of plasma in cotton pellet granulomatous rats were normalized after treatment with these drugs. C. occidentalis powder and C. halicacabum extract were able to stabilize the human erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced lysis. It is likely that these drugs may exert their anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of phospholipase A2, resulting in the reduced availability of arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, and/or by stabilization of the lysosomal membrane system.     

椒蒿挥发油对小鼠免疫功能影响的试验研究

目的:探讨椒蒿挥发油对环磷酰胺所致功能低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:60只昆明种小鼠,取10只为正常对照组(A组),余50只小鼠均腹腔接种环磷酰胺50mg/kg.b.w.建立免疫低下动物模型,随机等份为五组:模型对照组(B组),低剂量(C组),中剂量(D组),高剂量(E组),药物对照组(F组)。结果:与B组比较,C、D、E、F组的8项免疫指标均高,但F组部分免疫指标高于C、D、E组;病理组织学检查亦显示C、D、E、F组的脾脏和胸膜重量明显增加,皮脂增厚,淋巴细胞增多密集。结论:椒蒿挥发油具有增强非特异性免疫功能,同时对机体体液免疫、细胞免疫功能亦有促进作用,提示椒蒿可能是一种较为理想的免疫调节药物。     

Increase of cellular recruitment, phagocytosis ability and nitric oxide production induced by hydroalcoholic extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves

The leaves and the oil from the seeds of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae), a plant known in Brazil as 'mastruz', have been used by native people to treat parasitic diseases. Experimentally it was shown that Chenopodium ambrosioides inhibits the Ehrlich tumor growth, what could be due to an immunomodulatory effect of this product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) from leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides on macrophage activity and on lymphoid organs cellularity. C3H/HePas mice received the HCE (5mg/kg) by intraperitoneal via and were sacrificed 2 days later. HCE treatment did not alter the cell number in bone marrow, but it increased the cell number in peritoneal cavity, spleen and lymph node. The spreading and phagocytosis activity, the PMA-induced hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) release and the nitric oxide (NO) production were also increased when compared to control group. Similar results were obtained with concanavalin A (Con A), used as a positive control, with exception of the NO production that was only detected in HCE-derived macrophages. The in vitro treatment with HCE induced a dose-dependent NO production by resident macrophages, but did not enhance the NO production by HCE-derived macrophage, which however, was enhanced by Con A, suggesting that HCE and Con A induce NO production by different routes. In conclusion, HCE-treatment was able to increase the macrophages activity and also the cellular recruitment to secondary lymphoid organs, what could explain the previously related anti-tumor activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides.     

Gastroprotective effect of Dodonaea viscosa on various experimental ulcer models

AIM OF THE STUDY: Dodonaea viscosa Linn. (Sapindaceae) is used as a medicinal herb by the tribes of Shola forest regions of Western Ghats. It is used for headaches, backaches, stomach pain, piles and simple ulcers. The present study was performed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect and acute toxicity of this plant in various experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies were performed in two different models (ethanol and indomethacin induced gastric ulcer) in wistar rats. Gastric protection was evaluated by measuring the ulcer index, gastric glutathione assay, alkaline phosphate assay and histopathological studies. Gastric secretion studies were done by pyloric ligation experiment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Water and ethanol extract (500 mg/kg body weight) showed moderate activity compared to hexane extract. Hexane extract of Dodonaea viscosa dose dependently inhibited ethanol induced gastric lesions, causing 90% protection at 500 mg/kg, 81% protection at 250 mg/kg, and 70% protection at 125 mg/kg and it also dose dependently inhibited indomethacin induced gastric lesions, causing 92% protection at 500 mg/kg, 77% protection at 250 mg/kg, and 52% protection at 125 mg/kg. The various degrees of inhibition were statistically significant (p相似文献   

Administration of Cyperus rotundus tubers extract prevents weight gain in obese Zucker rats

Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae; C. rotundus) is an Indian medicinal plant demonstrated to exert multiple health benefits. The purpose of the present study was to test the biological efficacy of C. rotundus tubers extract on weight control in obese Zucker rats. It was demonstrated that administration of 45 or 220 mg/kg/day of C. rotundus tubers hexane extract for 60 days in Zucker rats induced a significant reduction in weight gain without affecting food consumption or inducing toxicity. In vitro, 250 microg/mL of this extract was able to stimulate lipolysis in 3T3-F442 adipocytes suggesting that this medicinal plant contains activators of beta-adrenoreceptors (AR). The binding assay performed on the rat beta3-AR isoform, known to induce thermogenesis, demonstrated that C. rotundus tubers extract can consistently and effectively bind to this receptor. These data suggest that the effect on weight gain exerted by C. rotundus tubers extract may be mediated, at least partially, through the activation of the beta3-AR. In conclusion, C. rotundus tubers extract prove to be a new herbal supplement for controlling body weight preferentially in beta3-AR sensitive species.     

鄂产黄药子对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究

 目的 研究鄂产黄药子对小鼠免疫功能的影响。 方法 将昆明小鼠随机分为高、中、低 3 个剂量组,用鄂产黄药子水煎剂进行等容量灌胃,总剂量分别为 1 000 , 490 和 240 g·kg^-1 。另设对照组灌服同体积的生理盐水。连续灌服 15 d 后,用乳酸脱氢酶释放法、碳粒廓清实验进行非特异性免疫检测;用定量溶血分光光度法进行体液免疫检测;用 <> α - 醋酸萘酯酶染色法、四甲基偶氮唑蓝法进行细胞免疫检测。 结果 与对照组相比较,高剂量组能明显降低小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬作用,而中剂量组能增强小鼠自然杀伤细胞的活性、抗体形成细胞数量、血 T 淋巴细胞酯酶染色率、 T 淋巴细胞增殖能力。 结论 总体上,高剂量鄂产黄药子具有免疫抑制的功能,中剂量具有免疫增强的功能。     

沙苑子补肾固精的作用研究

目的:观察沙苑子对生精障碍动物的促生精作用及其对肾阳虚动物模型的影响。方法:通过建立生精障碍大鼠、小鼠模型及肾阳虚小鼠模型,计数生精障碍模型各组动物精子数量,观察各组精子的活力,测定血清性激素水平。测定肾阳虚模型各组小鼠肛温、游泳时间、自主活动、睾丸和精囊腺指数。结果:沙苑子提取物0.2,0.4 g.kg-1能明显增加生精障碍模型大鼠、小鼠的精子数、精子活动率及前列腺和精囊腺指数,能明显降低精子畸形数;能明显增加血清睾酮(T)含量,降低促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)水平;能明显增加肾阳虚模型小鼠的体温及自发活动次数、延长低温游泳存活时间及增加睾丸、精囊腺指数。结论:沙苑子提取物对生精障碍模型动物有显著的促生精作用,显著提高大鼠精子的质量,同时可改善血清性激素水平,对肾阳虚模型动物有明显的治疗作用。     

Immunomodulatory potential of Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal, a traditional medicinal plant

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal., (Gentianaceae) has been used in traditional Indian system of medicine as depurative and for the treatment of psoriasis, intermittent fever and cancer. Ethnobotanical survey conducted in Theni District indicated a high consensus for this plant as blood purifier and to treat dermatopathy and venereal infections. The present study evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of the methanol extract of Enicostema axillare.

Materials and methods

In vivo immunomodulatory activity of Enicostema axillare methanol extract (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w) was evaluated by assessing its effect on the total and differential leukocyte count, organ weight, hemaggultinating antibody titer, plaque forming cells, quantitative hemolysis of SRBC and delayed type hypersensitivity. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC, 5 × 10⁸ cells/0.1 mL) were used to immunize the animals. In vitro immunomodulatory potential of the extract was studied using peritoneal macrophages by evaluating its effects on NBT reduction, NO production and cytokine release.

Results

The animals treated with Enicostema axillare methanol extract showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in weight of the thymus and spleen. The total leukocyte and lymphocyte count was increased significantly (P < 0.005) by the treatment. There was no significant alteration in neutrophil count. A dose dependent increase in antibody titer value was observed. A decreased response to DTH reaction induced by SRBC was recorded. A potential phagocytic response was seen on treatment with the extracts at 10 and 25 μg/mL. The extract inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and production of NO significantly in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusion

These findings suggested that the methanol extract of Enicostema axillare acted on both humoral and cell mediated immune functions and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peritoneal macrophages.     

四君子汤、六味地黄汤对环磷酰胺致小鼠免疫抑制的拮抗作用实验研究

目的:探讨四君子汤、六味地黄汤对环磷酰胺致小鼠免疫抑制的拮抗作用机理。方法:采用体重20g左右的ICR纯种小鼠32只,随机分成正常组、环磷酰胺组、四君子汤和六味地黄汤两个用药组,连续给药10天后,进行脾指数、脾细胞凋亡率和胸腺细胞周期测定。结果:环磷酰胺能明显降低小鼠脾指数,抑制胸腺细胞增殖,诱导脾细胞凋亡,而四君子汤和六味地黄汤能显著提高脾指数,促进胸腺细胞增殖及抑制脾细胞凋亡。结论:四君子汤和六味地黄汤能拮抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制作用,提高机体的免疫功能。     

Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore

The methanol extract from Clerodendrum petasites S. Moore (CP extract) was assessed for anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities on the experimental animal models. It was found that CP extract possessed moderate inhibitory activity on acute phase of inflammation in a dose-related manner as seen in ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced ear edema (ED(50)=2.34 mg/ear) as well as carrageenin-induced hind paw edema (ED(30)=420.41 mg/kg) in rats. However, CP extract did not elicit any inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid-induced hind paw edema in rats. In subchronic inflammatory model, CP extract provoked a significant reduction of transudation but had no effect on proliferative phase when tested in cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. CP extract also reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity in serum of rats in this animal model. Moreover, CP extract possessed an excellent antipyretic effect when tested in yeast-induced hyperthermic rats. It is postulated that the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of CP extract are caused by the inhibition of the prostaglandin synthesis. Anyhow, CP extract did not possess any analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. The results obtained show that C. petasites has beneficial properties since it possesses potent antipyretic and moderate anti-inflammatory activities without ulcerogenic effect.     

板蓝根对机体免疫功能及流感病毒FM1的作用

目的研究板蓝根提取物对小鼠机体免疫功能的影响及其抗流感病毒(FM1)的作用。方法昆明种小鼠腹腔注射板蓝根提取液,检测红细胞免疫黏附功能等各项免疫指标;昆明种小鼠滴鼻感染流感病毒FM1后腹腔注射板蓝根提取液,观察板蓝根提取液的抗病毒作用。结果与正常对照组相比,板蓝根组脾指数增加(P<0.05);T、B淋巴细胞刺激指数、RBC-C3bR花环阳性率都明显增高,RBC-IC花环阳性率显著降低,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。与阴性对照组相比,板蓝根组肺指数降低(P<0.05),体重增加值高(P<0.05)。结论板蓝根提取物具有很强的增强机体免疫功能的作用,其提高红细胞免疫系统功能的作用极其显著;同时板蓝根提取物也有一定的抗流感病毒作用。