泪腺上皮性肿瘤261例的临床和组织病理学特点分析

目的研究泪腺上皮性肿瘤的病理类型和临床特征。方法收集261例经病理诊断为泪腺上皮性肿瘤患者的273份石蜡切片标本,结合患者的组织病理学和临床相关资料进行归纳分析,探讨不同类型泪腺上皮性肿瘤的病理学特点及临床表现。结果泪腺上皮性肿瘤中各种类型所占比例由高向低排列依次为多形性腺瘤(混合瘤)(62．3％)、泪腺囊腺癌(22．3％)、多形性腺癌(8．8％)及泪腺腺癌(4．0％)等。术后复发12例,总复发率为4．6％;死亡4例,死亡率为1．5％。结论泪腺上皮性肿瘤死亡率较低,但复发率较高。应根据临床资料和病理诊断决定治疗用药和术后处理,而以手术治疗为主。     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤DNA含量及P^53基因产物表达的定量分析

目的探讨ＤＮＡ含量和Ｐ５３基因产物表达的定量分析在泪腺上皮性肿瘤病理诊断中的意义。方法应用流式细胞计量术和免疫荧光染色技术，对３９例泪腺上皮性肿瘤细胞的ＤＮＡ含量及Ｐ５３基因产物表达进行定量测定。结果多形性腺瘤具有正常泪腺细胞的ＤＮＡ二倍体含量，而恶性泪腺肿瘤以ＤＮＡ异倍体为特征；Ｐ５３基因产物在两种组织中的表达量，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＤＮＡ含量与Ｐ５３基因产物表达量成正相关，均随肿瘤组织分化程度的降低而增高。结论上述两参数的定量测定为泪腺上皮性肿瘤的病理学诊断提供了客观指标。     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤临床病理及复发机理的探讨

目的对泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床病理特征进行总结，分析复发机理和原因。方法回顾分析经病理确诊的泪腺上皮性肿瘤125例病理，用免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织标本的CD44v6蛋白的表达。结果在泪腺上皮性肿瘤中，以多形性腺瘤、腺样囊腺癌、多形性腺癌和腺癌较为多见。复发是泪腺上皮性肿瘤的重要生物学特征之一，复发的原因主要与肿瘤的组织类型、包膜的浸润、残留或破裂、手术操作、CD44v6蛋白的过表达有关。结论临床病理特点与免疫组织化学紧密结合，有助于阐明对泪腺上皮性肿瘤生物学行为的了解及复发原因，CD44v6在泪腺上皮性肿瘤的进展过程和复发中发挥重要作用。     

常见原发性泪腺上皮性肿瘤的组织病理学特征与复发的关系

目的分析原发性泪腺上皮性肿瘤的组织病理学特征与复发的关系,为临床诊治提供参考。方法收集128例病理诊断为原发性泪腺上皮性肿瘤患者的石蜡标本,其中最常见的三种依次为良性混合瘤74例（57．8％）,腺样囊性癌22例（17．2％）,恶性混合瘤18例（14．1％）,分析其组织病理学特征与复发的关系。结果良性混合瘤、腺样囊性癌和恶性混合瘤的复发率分别为23．0％、18．2％和27．8％,其中良性混合瘤的病理类型和包膜完整性在肿瘤的复发中具有统计学意义。结论三种常见原发性泪腺上皮性肿瘤复发率高,了解其病理表现对肿瘤的诊断、治疗方式的选择和随访时间的确定具有参考意义。     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤彩色多普勒超声特征分析

目的 分析泪腺上皮性肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声声像特征,证实其临床应用价值.方法 对28例经病理证实为泪腺上皮性肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声声像图进行回顾性分析.结果 泪腺多形性腺瘤多表现为边界清楚,形态规则,均匀中等内回声或不均匀内回声,不可压缩,彩色多普勒血流分级为I～Ⅱ级;腺样囊性癌多表现为边界清楚,形态不规则,不均匀内回声,不可压缩,彩色多普勒血流分级为Ⅲ～Ⅵ级,其中原发性泪腺腺样囊性癌收缩期峰值血流速度明显升高,与原发性泪腺多形性腺瘤间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 ).结论 彩色多普勒超声对泪腺上皮性肿瘤的诊断及区别泪腺肿瘤良、恶性有重要临床应用价值.     

272例原发性泪腺上皮性肿瘤的病理分类

本文报道原发性泪腺上皮性肿瘤272例的组织病理分类,并与涎腺肿瘤的病理分类相比拟,本组大量泪腺肿瘤代表390例泪腺窝病变的70％,占一个医院中1530例眼眶肿瘤的18％。本组泪腺肿瘤中,良性混合瘤居首位(52％)次为腺样囊性癌(25％),再次为恶性混合瘤(9％)。少见的泪腺肿瘤中,作者首先识别出3例泪腺低度恶性多型性腺癌,2例梭形细胞形肌上皮瘤,1例癌肉瘤。有关低度恶性多型性腺癌及梭形细胞型肌上皮瘤的鉴别诊断进行了一些讨论。     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤113例临床病理学分析

目的 探讨泪腺上皮性肿瘤组织病理学类型和临床特征.方法 回顾性病例研究重新复习天津眼科医院病理科自1980年至2009年间收检的113例泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床和病理学资料,参照WHO关于唾液腺肿瘤的分类和诊断标准,分析泪腺上皮性肿瘤的类型和临床病理学特点.结果 113例泪腺上皮性肿瘤中,多形性腺瘤73例(64.6%),腺样囊性癌23例(20.4%),癌在多形性腺瘤中9例(8.0%),其他类型的上皮性肿瘤均为恶性,共8例(7.0%).结论 泪腺上皮性肿瘤有不同的病理类型,其临床特点、治疗和预后有很大区别,正确和详细的病理诊断可对临床治疗起到指导意义.     

298例泪腺上皮性肿瘤临床特征及组织病理学分析

目的探讨泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床特征与组织病理学类型之间的关系，旨在为临床提供较为可靠的诊断依据。方法回顾总结北京同仁医院眼病理室44年间（1961年～2005年1月）存档的298例泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床及病理资料，进行统计学分析。结果298例肿瘤中，最常见的为泪腺多形性腺瘤，其它依次为腺样囊腺癌，腺癌，多形性腺癌及其它泪腺少见肿瘤。对不同类型肿瘤发病年龄、性别及眼别进行比较，差异均无显著性意义。对其发病时间进行比较，差异具有显著性意义。结论根据病史、临床表现、影像学检查，可对多数病例做出初步诊断，有助于临床医生正确选择治疗方案。     

130例原发泪腺上皮性肿瘤的诊断分析

目的分析130例泪腺上皮性肿瘤临床特点,明确诊断依据。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象130例原发泪腺上皮性肿瘤。方法收集130例经病理检查确诊的泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床资料、影像学资料和组织病理学资料。主要指标临床表现,影像学表现,组织病理学表现。结果泪腺上皮性肿瘤临床表现主要为眼球突出、视力下降、疼痛、复视等。良性肿瘤中以多形性腺瘤(43．8％)为多,恶性肿瘤占前三位的分别为腺样囊性癌(38．5％),恶性混合瘤(8．5％),腺癌(3．8％)。眼眶B超、CT、MRI都有典型的影像学特征。组织病理学改变是最终诊断依据。结论将影像学表现和临床资料结合起来可对泪腺上皮性肿瘤作出初步诊断,最终诊断要依靠组织病理学检查。     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤32例的临床分析

目的了解泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床和影像特点,选择最佳的治疗方案。方法对2001年2月至2003年2月经临床病理检查证实的32例泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床表现,影像学检查和治疗方法进行回顾性分析。结果泪腺上皮性肿瘤,无论良、恶性,其主要表现均为眶外上方包块,眼球突出和眼球运动障碍,恶性者疼痛也是其主要表现。影像检查都表现有特殊的部位。最好的治疗方法均是完全切除肿瘤,包括完整的包膜,恶性者术后要辅以放疗。结论手术医师可据泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床特征和影像学检查,初步判断肿瘤的性质,为制定合理的手术方案和术前估计预后有积极的指导意义。     

泪腺恶性肿瘤—附27例报告

本文报告泪腺恶性肿瘤27例(其中腺样囊性癌12例,恶性多形性腺瘤9例,其它腺癌6例)。讨论和分析了临床表现、影象诊断特征、诊断、鉴别诊断、治疗和予后问题。     

难治性泪腺肿瘤及其外科治疗

泪腺肿瘤是眶内常见的肿瘤,良性肿瘤易复发和恶性变,恶性者复发率及死亡率较高,为了提高泪腺肿瘤的诊治水平,末文选择诊治难度较大的22例,包括多次复发者（7例）,瘤体大,包膜不完整者（7例）及恶性者（15例）,重点探讨术前的定性诊断及手术治疗问题,本组病例的诊治经过表明,通过临床表明及CT的影像学特征能够在术前做出定性诊断,手术是惟一可能根治的手段,外侧眶切开术及显微操作是本病治疗的主要方法。     

Primary cystadenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland

PURPOSE: To report a patient with a cystadenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland, a tumor not previously described in the ophthalmic literature. Salivary gland cystadenocarcinomas constitute a distinct group of epithelial malignancies characterized by an invasive, predominantly cystic pattern of growth that have an indolent behavior and a low incidence of metastases and recurrences. DESIGN: Single interventional case report. METHODS: The clinical findings, results of imaging studies, and pathologic findings are presented. RESULTS: A 67-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of ptosis in the right upper eyelid. A lacrimal fossa tumor was found. The tumor was excised with an intact capsule, and the histopathologic diagnosis was primary cystadenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. The patient received no other form of treatment and has been observed for 1 year without evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Until recently, primary adenocarcinomas of the lacrimal gland were not further subclassified. Current knowledge gained from salivary gland tumors indicates that primary adenocarcinoma encompasses a group of tumors with separate morphologic features and varied biologic behavior.     

Fibrous histiocytoma of the lacrimal gland

Fibrous histiocytoma, a primary mesenchymal tumor of the orbit, is known to arise from various ocular and adnexal tissues. We are unable to find a published report of this tumor originating from the lacrimal gland. We report a case of a benign fibrous histiocytoma of the lacrimal gland in an 11 year old girl who presented with painless, progressive eyelid swelling and mild proptosis. Imaging studies revealed a discrete mass in the lacrimal gland region. The tumor was completely excised by anterolateral orbitotomy. Light microscopy showed a spindle cell tumor arising from the lacrimal gland. The tumor cells were arranged in a characteristic storiform (cartwheel) pattern with no pleomorphism or mitotic figures. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were focally positive for CD-68 and negative for S-100, smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and CD-34, which ruled out neurofibroma, leiomyoma, solitary fibrous tumor, and hemangiopericytoma. Based on these features, a diagnosis of benign fibrous histiocytoma was made.     

泪腺肿瘤的影像学表现

泪腺肿瘤在眼眶病中构成比较大，患者发病年龄跨度大，无明显性别差异。临床表现主要为眼球突出、鼻侧移位，眼球运动受限，泪腺区可扪及肿物等。了解泪腺肿瘤影像学特点有助于病情预后的判断及手术方案设计。本文对属于泪腺上皮性肿瘤的多形性腺瘤、腺样囊性癌、粘液表皮癌、嗜酸性细胞癌、泪腺腺癌、泪腺上皮囊肿，以及属于非上皮性肿瘤的泪腺炎性假瘤、泪腺良性淋巴上皮病变、泪腺淋巴瘤及多发性骨髓瘤等影像学特点进行总结，旨在为泪腺肿瘤的诊治提供帮助。（国际眼科纵览，2016，40：196-200）     

Studies of human tear proteins: 4. Analysis by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of tears in various diseases

Tears were collected from patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), orbital tumors, sarcoidosis, trigeminal and facial nerve palsy and corneal ulcer. These tears were analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Two cases of FAP with deficiency of lacrimation and keratoconjunctivitis sicca showed normal tear protein patterns. In these cases, the deficiency of lacrimation may have been due chiefly to disturbance of the peripheral parasympathetic nerve innervating the lacrimal gland. Five other patients with FAP showed from slight to severe decrease in the tear-specific proteins. One of two cases with lacrimal gland tumor showed a decrease in the tear-specific proteins before removal of the tumor. After the surgery two patients showed significant decrease or disappearance of the tear-specific proteins. Three cases with other orbital tumors revealed no alterations in production of tear proteins. The case of sarcoidosis with keratoconjunctivitis sicca showed a decrease in the tear-specific proteins. Lacrimal gland involvement in sarcoidosis was confirmed by the tear protein analysis. The patient with facial and trigeminal nerve palsy showed a decrease in the tear-specific proteins. This was thought to be due to atrophy of the main lacrimal gland caused by functional disturbance of the lacrimal nerve. The analysis of tear proteins is useful in the diagnosis of lacrimal gland tumor disturbing the gland function and also of other diseases involving the lacrimal gland.     

Treatment of primary lymphoma of the lacrimal gland by surgical excision alone: A 5-year follow-up study

PURPOSE . To evaluate the long-term efficacy of surgical excision alone in the treatment of non-Hodgkin¹s lymphoma localized to the lacrimal gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS . Thirteen patients with primary lacrimal gland lymphoma were included. The presumptive diagnosis was based on: (1) The painless and relatively slow onset of unilateral lacrimal gland swelling, mostly in elderly adults; (2) The CT pattern of a soft tissue mass in the lacrimal gland region with defined margins and molds to the globe; (3) The negative results of systemic work-up. The involved lacrimal gland was excised via an anterior trans-septal approach in 12 cases and by lateral canthotomy, upper cantholysis, and a trans-periosteal approach in one case. Following histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis, no supplemental therapy was given. The patients were followed for a minimum of 5 years (5–8 years). RESULTS . In all patients, the excised lacrimal gland lymphoma was firm, nodular and appeared encapsulated. The histologic subtypes of the excised masses were: low-grade lymphomas in 11 cases (7 small lymphocytic, 3 plasmacytoid lymphocytic, 1 follicular small cleaved) and intermediate grade in 2 cases (1 follicular large cell and 1 diffuse small cleaved). No evidence of local recurrence or systemic dissemination was reported during the follow-up period in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS . Surgical excision of the tumor is a new curative technique for lymphoma localized to the lacrimal gland without any other orbital or systemic involvement. By this technique, orbital radiotherapy and its potential ocular complications can be avoided. However, more study is recommended.     

泪腺腺样囊性癌临床治疗进展

泪腺腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma,ACC)是最常见的泪腺恶性上皮肿瘤,单纯手术切除疗效不满意,易复发,预后差。我们总结近年来国内外报道的相关泪腺ACC的临床综合治疗手段,包括改进手术入路、采取手术前后化学治疗、放射治疗等综合治疗方案,特别还报告了青年泪腺ACC患者的治疗策略,并分析了原发于泪腺以外ACC的诊断与治疗,为眼科临床医生提供更广阔的思路。     

Treatment of primary lymphoma of the lacrimal gland by surgical excision alone: A 5-year follow-up study

PURPOSE. To evaluate the long-term efficacy of surgical excision alone in the treatment of non-Hodgkin(1)s lymphoma localized to the lacrimal gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirteen patients with primary lacrimal gland lymphoma were included. The presumptive diagnosis was based on: (1) The painless and relatively slow onset of unilateral lacrimal gland swelling, mostly in elderly adults; (2) The CT pattern of a soft tissue mass in the lacrimal gland region with defined margins and molds to the globe; (3) The negative results of systemic work-up. The involved lacrimal gland was excised via an anterior trans-septal approach in 12 cases and by lateral canthotomy, upper cantholysis, and a trans-periosteal approach in one case. Following histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis, no supplemental therapy was given. The patients were followed for a minimum of 5 years (5-8 years). RESULTS. In all patients, the excised lacrimal gland lymphoma was firm, nodular and appeared encapsulated. The histologic subtypes of the excised masses were: low-grade lymphomas in 11 cases (7 small lymphocytic, 3 plasmacytoid lymphocytic, 1 follicular small cleaved) and intermediate grade in 2 cases (1 follicular large cell and 1 diffuse small cleaved). No evidence of local recurrence or systemic dissemination was reported during the follow-up period in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS. Surgical excision of the tumor is a new curative technique for lymphoma localized to the lacrimal gland without any other orbital or systemic involvement. By this technique, orbital radiotherapy and its potential ocular complications can be avoided. However, more study is recommended.