胃癌发生部位及组织学类型的转变趋势（附350例分析）

本文分别观察并研究了１９８５～１９８９（ｎ＝１３１）和１９９０～１９９４（ｎ＝２１９），共３５０例经手术和组织学确诊的胃癌癌病人，其目的主要是确定前后五年间胃癌的发生部位及组织学有否发生改变。依时间先后顺序将观察病例分为Ａ、Ｂ两组。结果显示近５年来（Ｂ组）贲门、胃底癌发生比例（０．５０）较前５年（Ａ组）发生比例（０．３３）显著升高（Ｐ＜０．００５）。此外组织学检查表明Ｂ组病例中分化差的腺癌发生比例（０．７０）也较Ａ组（０．５８）明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。研究分析提示，近端胃癌发生比例增高趋势可能与吸烟因素有关；而分化差胃癌发生比例的增高则是一种值得重视的胃癌组织学改变。     

肺鳞癌间质内肥大细胞计数的意义

①目的探讨间质内的肥大细胞与肺鳞癌生物学行为的关系。②方法采用甲苯胺蓝染色检测８９例经手术切除的肺鳞癌标本间质内每１０个高倍视野的肥大细胞数。③结果Ⅰ，Ⅱ级鳞癌中肥大细胞数明显多于Ⅲ级（ｔ＝２．９４，２．７４，Ｐ均＜０．０１），肿瘤直径＞５ｃｍ组的肥大细胞数明显少于３～５ｃｍ组和＜３ｃｍ组（ｔ＝３．１３，２．４２，Ｐ＜０．０１，０．０５），０．５年内死亡组肥大细胞数明显少于５年以上生存组和０．５～５．０年内死亡组（ｔ＝３．６８，２．７５，Ｐ＜０．０１），肥大细胞计数在有无淋巴结转移两组病人间差异无显著性（ｔ＝１．８５，Ｐ＞０．０５）。④结论肥大细胞与肺鳞癌细胞的分化、生长和病人预后有关，且具有一定的抗肿瘤作用。     

联合应用前列腺素E_1和异搏定保存离体肺

本文介绍了ＰＧＥ１和异搏定联合应用保存离体肺的实验研究，实验分三组：Ⅰ组为对照组（ｎ＝８）；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝８），灌洗前注射ＰＧＥ１，５μｇ／ｋｇ；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝８），灌洗前联合应用ＰＧＥ１，５μｇ／ｋｇ和异搏定０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。离体肺在灌洗后置于１０℃下保存６ｈ，然后测定肺气道压（ＰＡＰ）、左房血血气分析和肺血管总阻力（ＰＶＲ）和形态学观察。结果显示：三组间形态学检查无明显差别。左房血氧再灌注１０ｍｉｎ和１５ｍｉｎ时Ⅲ组明显高于Ⅰ组（Ｐ＜０．０５），３０ｍｉｎ时明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组；ＰＶＲⅢ组极显著地低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＰＡＰ在再灌注３０ｍｉｎ后Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明ＰＧＥ１和异搏定联合应用可改善１０℃保存６ｈ离体肺再灌注后的肺功能     

胃癌骨转移相关因素探讨

为探讨胃癌骨转移及其影响因素，对１３１例胃癌患者进行了核素骨显像检查，对骨转移与时间的关系进行了前瞻性研究，对影响骨转移的因素进行了分析。结果：胃癌骨转移的发生率达４１２％，随时间的增加有明显增高的趋势；胃癌骨转移与临床分期（ｒ＝０．９６５）和病理形态学类型（ｒ＝０．９５８）有关（Ｐ均＜０．０５）；与肿瘤的大小（ｒ＝０．７３０）、部位（ｒ＝－０．５１３）和病理组织学类型（ｒ＝－０．６７３）无关（Ｐ均＞０．０５）；临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期与Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胃癌间（χ２＝１１９９），浸润、扩散型与赘生、溃疡型胃癌间（χ２＝１４．４５）骨转移的发生有显著性差异（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。结果提示：胃癌特别是临床Ⅲ、Ⅳ期和（或）浸润与扩散型患者应常规定期行核素骨显像检查。     

山茱萸对延长大鼠异位心脏移植存活的作用

目的：观察山茱萸水煎剂对大鼠异位移植心脏排异的抑制作用。方法：异位移植心脏的大鼠分成４组：Ⅰ组为对照，喂生理盐水；Ⅱ组喂山茱萸水煎剂２０ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）；Ⅲ组喂环孢菌素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）；Ⅳ组喂ＣｓＡ５ｍｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）和山茱萸水煎剂２０ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）。结果：Ⅰ组（ｎ＝１３）移植心脏存活１３７±３７ｄ；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１０）存活２８５±６２ｄ，另有２只移植心脏存活＞１ａ；Ⅲ组（ｎ＝７）存活４０１±６９ｄ，另有１只存活５个月；Ⅳ组（ｎ＝７）存活４９７±８０ｄ，另有１只存活５个月，１只存活＞８个月。Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组间、Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组间均有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜００１）；Ⅳ组与Ⅲ组间有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：山茱萸水煎剂能抑制排斥，显著延长大鼠异位移植心脏存活；山茱萸与ＣｓＡ联合应用比单用ＣｓＡ或山茱萸效果更好，二者有相加作用     

阈下剂量氯胺酮复合硬膜外麻醉用于外伤性脾破裂手术的临床观察

目的：观察阈下剂量氯胺酮复合硬膜外麻醉对失血性休克代偿期的血流动力学影响。方法：硬膜外麻醉下３６例无失血性休克表现的外伤性脾破裂，异丙嗪０．５ｍｇｋｇ－１，哌替啶１ｍｇｋｇ－１静脉滴注后随机分成２组，Ⅰ组（ｎ＝１７），切皮前氨胺酮０．５ｍｇｋｇ－１静脉滴注；Ⅱ组（ｎ＝１９），不加氯胺酮进行对照。连续监测麻醉前后ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ、ＳＰＯ２、ＥＣＧ。结果：Ⅱ组ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＡＰ下降显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＲ代偿性增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ⅰ组ＢＰ、ＨＲ变化不大。组间对照，术中ＢＰ两组差异性极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＨＲ无差异性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：提示阈下氯胺酮复合硬膜外麻醉能产生较稳定的血流动力学效应，可用于休克代偿期的病人。     

乌拉地尔在颅脑手术麻醉拔管时的应用

４０例（ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ）颅脑手术病人随机分为Ⅰ组（ｎ＝２０）和Ⅱ组（ｎ＝２０）。Ⅰ组在拔管前５ｍｉｎ静注乌拉地尔０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，监测ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＨＲ及ＲＰＰ。结果：Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组拔管时各参数相比，除心率外其它各参数均有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜００１）。表明乌拉地尔能有效地预防拔管引起的高血压反应。     

可乐定对全麻插管前后血糖及血流动力学的影响

２０例ＡＳＡＩ～Ⅱ级择期全麻手术病人随机分为两组。Ⅰ组（可乐定组，ｎ＝１０）于术前３０ｍｉｎ给予阿托品０．５ｍｇ和苯巴比妥钠１００ｍｇ肌注，另加可乐定５μｇ·ｋｇ－１于术前９０ｍｉｎ口服；Ⅱ组（对照组，ｎ＝１０）只给术前用药，不加服可乐定。两组病人比较，可乐定组血糖轻微短暂的升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），并能一定程度地减弱插管应激反应     

胃癌与微量元素的关系

测定正常胃３０例、胃癌４３例组织中Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ５种微量元素含量。正常胃Ｃｕ３．１７１４μｇ／ｇ，Ｆｅ１２１．７８７μｇ／ｇ，Ｚｎ８８．３４９μｇ／ｇ，Ｍｎ０．４２６５μｇ／ｇ，Ｓｅ０．２０５６μｇ／ｇ。胃癌Ｃｕ４．２８６４μｇ／ｇ，Ｚｎ７２．５７９μｇ／ｇ，与正常组织比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｆｅ１８０．８４２μｇ／ｇ，有高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｍｎ０．５３３６μｇ／ｇ，Ｓｅ０．２３４０μｇ／ｇ，无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。揭示了胃癌组织中微量元素的变化规律，为胃癌的诊治提供了新途径。     

等容血液稀释和维拉帕米对缺血再灌注心肌的保护

在犬的急性心肌缺血再灌注模型上，观察右旋糖酐４０等容血液稀释和维拉帕米注射液以及二者联合应用对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防治作用。２４条犬随机分为４组：Ⅰ组（对照组，ｎ＝６）、Ⅱ组（稀释组，ｎ＝６）、Ⅲ组（维拉帕米组，ｎ＝６）、Ⅳ组（稀释加维拉帕米组，ｎ＝６）。结果：①血液流变学指标改变：Ⅱ、Ⅳ组在血液稀释或给予维拉帕米后，血液流变学指标和Ⅰ、Ⅲ组相比明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５）；②心功能改变：再灌注后，Ⅰ组心功能指标明显恶化（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组左室内收缩压力峰值（ｐＬＶＳ），左室内舒张末期压力（ｐＬＶＥＤ），左室内压力最大上升速率（＋ｄｐ／ｄｔ（ｍａｘ）），左室内压力最大下降速率（－ｄｐ／ｄｔ（ｍａｘ））与Ⅰ组相比明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ⅳ组心功能指标则进一步好于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：①右旋糖酐４０等容血液稀释能明显改善左心收缩和舒张功能，维拉帕米只能显著改善左室舒张功能；②二者合用能进一步改善左室收缩和舒张功能，缩小梗死范围     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.