运动对骨量影响的研究进展

骨质疏松危害人类健康,骨量减少是诊断骨质疏松的重要依据.运动对骨量的影响受到广泛重视和研究.本文综述了国外近年来有关运动对人体骨量影响的研究进展,包括运动类型、强度、持续时间、频率等因素对骨量的影响,以及运动对骨量的影响在人不同生命周期的特征.     

健美操运动对男大学生骨密度和骨代谢的影响

目的探讨健美操运动对普通大学生骨密度(BMD)和部分骨代谢指标的影响,为了解运动对青春后期大学生骨代谢的影响提供依据。方法以江西师范大学40名健康男大学生作为研究对象,比较运动组(健美操)和对照组(较少参加运动)的骨密度和血清睾酮、血碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿羟脯氨酸(U-HOP)及尿肌酐(U-Cr)等骨代谢指标。结果与对照组相比,运动组的腰椎(L2-4)和左股骨颈骨密度均较高,腰椎骨密度差异有统计学意义;运动组的血清睾酮明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;运动组的血ALP要高,而U-HOP和U-HOP/U-Cr比值低,但差异均无统计学意义。结论健美操运动能够通过影响骨代谢来增加骨形成、减少骨吸收,提高青春后期男大学生的骨密度和骨量。     

066 体力活动对骨量的影响

在生长发育期增加骨量的沉积和减少老年期骨量的丢失是预防骨质疏松的主要策略.儿童青少年期,尤其是青春前期,参加承重运动能促进腰椎和股骨颈的骨量增长,这种优势在运动终止后仍保持较长时间.但体力活动对儿童青少年骨量的具体影响与研究对象的年龄、研究部位、运动类型以及运动持续时间有关.在老年人中开展的研究表明,一定强度的体力活动可能会减少老年人骨量丢失,降低跌倒发生的危险性,但在体力活动终止后对骨量的益处消失.     

体力活动对骨量的影响

在生长发育期增加骨量的沉积和减少老年期骨量的丢失是预防骨质疏松的主要策略。儿童青少年期，尤其是青春前期，参加承重运动能促进腰椎和股骨颈的骨量增长，这种优势在运动终止后仍保持较长时间。但体力活动对儿童青少年骨量的具体影响与研究对象的年龄、研究部位、运动类型以及运动持续时间有关。在老年人中开展的研究表明，一定强度的体力活动可能会减少老年人骨量丢失，降低跌倒发生的危险性，但在体力活动终止后对骨量的益处消失。     

运动对大鼠骨大小和骨量的影响

观察运动对大鼠骨大小和骨量的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠16只随机分成2组:正常对照组和运动组。运动组大鼠进行运动训练,每周5 d,每天连续匀速跑45 min,16 m/min,跑道倾角0°,持续10周。结果表明,大鼠运动训练后,骨直径、骨体积、骨湿重、骨湿重/体重、骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨干重/骨体积等指标均较对照组明显增加。提示运动有利于改善骨大小和骨量。     

不同运动强度对骨质的影响

通过总结运动对骨质的影响,为制定合理有效的运动处方提供理论依据。本文通过对中外相关文献的阅读,对运动对骨质影响的研究进行了综述,总结了不同运动强度、不同运动方式对不同年龄时期骨质的影响,以及对不同性别人群的影响。表明不同强度的运动对骨质的影响存在显著差异。低强度运动对提高骨质健康的作用不明显,中等运动强度对改善骨质有积极作用,大强度运动会对骨健康产生负面影响。     

跑步运动对男性青少年前臂骨矿状态的影响

骨质疏松已成为日益严重的公共卫生问题之一,运动被认为是增加骨密度和预防老年时期骨质疏松的较好方法,尤其是青少年时期即开始运动。但何种运动类型、强度、频率、持续时间等能最有效地增加骨密度,目前尚不清楚。研究发现不同的运动项目对身体各部位的骨密度有不同的影响。为了解跑步运动对男性青少年骨密度和骨矿含量的影响,笔者进行了本次调查研究。     

运动对骨密度的影响分析

[目的]研究运动对身体成分和骨密度的影响。[方法]随机选取体育专业并有规律运动学生50名为运动组,非体育专业并无规律运动学生50名为对照组,检测研究对象身体成分和骨密度相关指标值。[结果]性别和运动分别是影响BMI、体脂百分比、腰臀比、骨强度值、t值和Z值的因素。并且运动对体脂百分比和骨密度各指标影响差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]有规律的运动对人体骨密度有一定的影响,并起到积极作用。     

运动对去卵巢大鼠骨大小和骨量的影响

用测定骨大小和骨量的方法,观察运动对去卵巢大鼠骨大小和骨量的影响。将健康4月龄雌性SD大鼠32只随机分成4组:正常对照组、假去卵巢组、去卵巢组、去卵巢+运动组。去卵巢+运动组大鼠于去卵巢术后第7 d开始运动训练,每周5 d,每天连续匀速跑45 min,16 m/min,跑道倾角0°,持续10周。结果表明,去卵巢大鼠骨直径、骨体积、骨湿重、骨湿重/体重、骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨干重/骨体积等指标均低于假去卵巢组。去卵巢大鼠运动训练后,骨直径、骨体积、骨湿重、骨湿重/体重、骨干重、骨干重/体重、骨干重/骨体积等指标均较去卵巢组增加,并且基本上恢复至对照组水平。提示运动有利于改善去卵巢大鼠的骨大小和骨量。     

医疗机构莫忘告知义务

结论: 科学健骨运动在抵抗绝经后女性随年龄增长的骨密度下降的同时,其腰椎、跟骨骨密度水平提高、骨强度增强。提示健骨运动是提高人类骨质量水平、预防骨折的积极措施。 2.北京医科大学运动医学研究所张蓉晖硕士论文《非承重性运动和钙剂补充对绝经后妇女骨密度的影响》     

Nutritional modulators of bone remodeling during aging

Bone mass declines progressively with age in both men and women from the age of approximately 30 y. Increased longevity will inevitability be associated with an increase in the incidence of osteoporosis, its associated complications, and incurred health care costs. Current pharmacologic approaches focus on inhibiting bone resorption in those with osteoporosis but do little to improve bone mass. Increased understanding of the cellular events responsible for normal bone formation has led to multiple pathways that can be targeted to positively influence bone mass. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been shown to stimulate bone formation, and the BMP2 gene was recently linked to osteoporosis. BMP-2 therefore represents one potential molecular target to identify new agents to simulate bone formation. Research is accumulating on the positive effects of dietary sources that stimulate the BMP2 promoter and their effects on bone formation. Flavonoids and statins occur naturally in food products and have been shown to promote bone formation. It may be possible to influence peak bone mass by dietary means and to decrease the risk of osteoporosis in later life. To ease the future burden of osteoporosis, focusing on prevention will be key, and this could include dietary interventions to stimulate bone formation.     

长春市骨质疏松症的危害和管理对策

作为常见的骨代谢性、全身性疾病,骨质疏松症的主要特征是骨量不足、骨组织微结构被破坏,这种特征会降低骨骼强度,增加骨质脆性,使骨折的发生率大幅上升。该病可发生于各个年龄阶段,但在绝经后女性与老年男性中更为多见,已经演变成危害人类健康的重要病症。人口老龄化的加剧提高了骨质疏松症的发病率,使患病群体不断扩大。但是,大多数人仍未对骨质疏松症有更深刻的认识,经常是症状严重后才去医院诊治,延误病情的同时,也造成了国家和社会的经济负担。为了进一步了解诱发骨质疏松症的危险因素,加强人们对骨质疏松的认识,该研究走访了长春市骨质疏松患病人群,通过问卷调查法观察患病群体的生活习惯,评估各项生活行为对骨质疏松的影响情况,探讨出相关管理措施,以期为长春市当前的骨质疏松防控提供科学依据。     

The contribution of bone densitometry to the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis

Objective: It has recently been proposed that a specialist osteoporosis service, including bone densitometry, should be made available to those most at risk in the UK population. The aim of this study was to evaluate such a service, and in particular the role of bone densitometry, in terms of its effect on the diagnosis of osteoporosis and clinical management of the disease.Methods: A retrospective data abstraction study was performed to investigate the diagnosis and management of patients referred to the Metabolic Clinic, City Hospital Nottingham, with a potential diagnosis of osteoporosis. Hospital records were available for 117 patients, aged between 45 and 59, who had attended the Clinic in a given time period and undergone bone mineral density measurement.Results: Forty-eight patients (41.0%) had osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. The final diagnosis of osteoporosis after attending the clinic was different from that on referral in a substantial proportion (62.6%) of cases. Only 48.9% of patients with spinal osteoporosis were identified by their referring doctor. The percentage of patients receiving treatment for osteoporosis increased from 34.2% to 72.6% after attending the clinic.Conclusions: Measurement of bone mineral density identifies cases of osteoporosis who would not otherwise be detected and as a consequence contributes to the proportion of patients receiving treatment after referral. The osteoporosis service provided by the Metabolic Clinic including measurement of bone mineral density was thus found to have a considerable impact on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with osteoporosis.     

围绝经期女性骨质疏松症的膳食营养策略

妇女进入围绝经期以后,由于卵巢功能减退,雌激素波动性下降,会减少对钙的吸收,同时破骨过程增加,新生骨骼无法及时形成,骨骼密度降低,容易引起骨质疏松症。骨质疏松症重在预防,膳食营养与骨质疏松症关系密切,其是预防骨质疏松症的重要措施之一。该文分析不同营养物质在预防骨质疏松症中的作用,阐述科学合理饮食和运动,预防围绝经期女性骨质疏松症。     

Osteoporosis and African American women

The incidence of osteoporosis and related fractures in African American women is half that of Caucasian women. African American women who sustain osteoporosis-related fractures have increased disability and decreased survival. Given the exponential increase in hip fracture rate among African American women over the age of 70 years, the risk of osteoporosis among this population may be underestimated. This review focuses on racial differences in women's bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism and on various explanations for these observed differences. Environmental risk factors for osteoporosis and related fractures among African American women and modalities for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are discussed. African American women begin menopause with higher BMD and have lower rates of women's bone loss after menopause, which account for their decreased incidence of osteoporosis and related fractures. The risk factors for osteoporosis among African American women are similar to those found in Caucasian women. Lifestyle interventions, such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation, smoking cessation, and increased physical activity, should be encouraged to enhance peak bone mass and to decrease bone loss. These interventions and other treatment modalities, such as hormone replacement therapy, bisphosphonates, and selective estrogen receptor modulators, should be studied further in African American women.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与原发性骨质疏松关系的研究进展

载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因不仅影响脂代谢,而且还通过影响维生素K的代谢速率影响骨代谢。原发性骨质疏松主要受到基因的调控,同时基因与环境因素的相互作用对于原发性骨质疏松的发生和发展也起着重要的调节作用。笔者主要介绍了ApoE基因多态性与骨质疏松的相互关系,ApoE基因影响骨密度的作用机制以及ApoE基因与环境因素的相互作用对原发性骨质疏松的影响。     

Possibilities of non-hormonal drug treatment of osteoporosis]

In many countries osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone diseases. A great deal is known about the pathophysiology and the treatment of the disease. There is a lot of treatment possibilities and many new treatments are being tested. Therapeutic agents for osteoporosis are correspondingly classified as substances primarily inhibiting bone turnover (most of them are inhibitors of bone resorption as well) and agents that appear capable of restoring bone mass previously lost (stimulators of bone formation). From a didactic point of view the distinction of these to groups is generally accepted, but pharmacologically there is a considerable overlap between two. In this review the authors evaluate non-hormonal drugs, which are being used widely in the treatment of osteoporosis. The key points of the evaluation are the mechanism of action, the effects on bone mass, bone strength and fracture.     

Use of bone turnover markers in clinical osteoporosis assessment in women: current issues and future options

Monitoring bone turnover of the adult and aging skeleton is essential for optimal treatment of bone metabolic diseases, such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. Diagnosis of osteoporosis is based solely on dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry-based measurements of bone mineral density. However, within the last 20 years, biochemical markers of bone turnover have been implemented to a larger degree, and especially within the field of drug development. Numerous clinical studies have underscored that the markers have promise in terms of predicting patients at high risk of losing bone, future fracture events and importantly also the fracture efficacy of drugs in development. Furthermore, while classical methods often require years to monitor the changes, the bone turnover markers do so within a shorter time span. The aims of this article are to provide an update on the different biochemical markers of bone turnover, and to give an overview of their applications in epidemiological and clinical research especially in women. The main emphasis will be on their utility in clinical trials testing the efficacy of drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis, and their ability to supplement bone mass measurements. Finally, recent evidence suggests that biochemical markers may provide information on bone age that may indirectly relate to bone quality, and this is discussed together with future possibilities for measuring bone quality using bone turnover markers. In summary, a more targeted use of biomarkers could assist in the identification of high-risk patients, the process of drug discovery and monitoring of the efficacy of osteoporosis treatment in clinical settings.     

Osteoporosis and African-American women

African-American women are missing from the list of risk factors for osteoporosis although over 300,000 currently have osteoporosis. Possible bone structure differences such as greater peak bone mass, a slower rate of bone loss after menopause, and better quality of bone microarchitecture in African-American women have not been supported by research. Approaches such as calcium intake, hormone replacement therapy, and medications which prevent and treat osteoporosis need to be undertaken.     

依普拉封治疗妇女围绝经期症状及骨质疏松的效果

目的:观察依普拉封对妇女围绝经期症状及骨质疏松的治疗效果。方法:采取随机双盲对照法将60例绝经期妇女分为治疗组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组)和对照组。治疗Ⅱ组20例口服复方氨基酸螯合钙、维生素AD滴剂及依普拉封,治疗Ⅰ组20例口服复方氨基酸螯合钙和维生素AD滴剂,对照组20例服安慰剂与复方氨基酸螯合钙,3组分别于治疗6个月、12个月后评估围绝经期症状,骨密度和骨代谢生化指标。结果:治疗Ⅱ组潮热和骨痛症状明显缓解,骨密度增加,血清钙上升,ALP、PTH、TRAP下降,显著优于治疗Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05)。结论:依普拉封有抑制骨吸收、促进骨形成的作用,能有效预防和治疗妇女围绝经期症状和骨质疏松,可以作为激素替代疗法的补充。