色素上皮源性因子在眼部的作用研究

糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞、Eales病、早产儿视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼病的共同特征为视网膜或视网膜下新生血管。近年发现新生血管形成因子与抑制因子之间的平衡失调是新生血管形成的重要机制。色素上皮源性因子 (pigmentepithelium -derivedfactor,PEDF)是一重要血管形成抑制因子 ,具有抑制新生血管形成、营养神经和促分化的作用。本文主要综述其在眼部的研究现况及治疗展望。     

色素上皮源性因子在眼部的作用研究

糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞、Eales病、早产儿视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼病的共同特征为视网膜或视网膜下新生血管。近年发现新生血管形成因子与抑制因子之间的平衡失调是新生血管形成的重要机制。色素上皮源性因子(pigment epithelium—derived factor，PEDF)是一重要血管形成抑制因子。具有抑制新生血管形成、营养神经和促分化的作用。本主要综述其在眼部的研究现况及治疗展望。     

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体中血管内皮生长因子和色素上皮衍生因子水平

随着对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）发病机制的深入研究，发现在DR的发生过程中各种促血管新生因子及抑制血管新生因子起了重要的作用，其中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和色素上皮衍生因子（PEDF）分别作为主要的促血管新生因子及抑制血管新生因子而成为研究的热点。我们对一组增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）患者玻璃体中VEGF、PEDF浓度进行了检测，现将结果报道如下。     

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者玻璃体腔注射avastin后房水中VEGF和PEDF的变化

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（ proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR）是主要的致盲眼病之一。PDR新生血管的出现是视网膜对其微环境变化的一种反应,是血管生成调节因子间相互作用平衡被破坏的结果,是PDR的特征性改变。近年来抗新生血管新药bevacizumab开始应用于治疗PDR,疗效显著,成为抑制PDR新生血管、控制疾病发展的有效方法。     

色素上皮衍生因子及其治疗视网膜新生血管性疾病的研究进展

视网膜新生血管（RNV）是目前最主要的致盲病因之一,迄今为止,尚无特效治愈方法。色素上皮衍生因子（PEDF）是新近发现的一种有效的眼内新生血管天然抑制剂,对新生血管的形成和发展起着重要的调控作用。有研究结果表明,应用PEDF重组蛋白或PEDF的眼内基因转移可以显著抑制RNV的形成,这为糖尿病性视网膜病变、早产儿视网膜病变及视网膜中央静脉阻塞等视网膜新生血管性疾病的治疗开辟了崭新的途径。因此,有必要就PEDF的生物学概况、对新生血管抑制作用的特点和机制及其在视网膜新生血管防治中的应用前景进行综述。（中华眼科杂志,2007,43：1043．1047）     

色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)的研究进展

糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变等许多眼部疾病的共同特征是视网膜或视网膜下新生血管。色素上皮衍生因子（PEDF）是近年来发现的能有效抑制新生血管形成的因子，与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）等一起控制了新生血管的发生过程。PEDF有抑制新生血管、营养神经、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡等作用。本文主要综述其上调下调规律、其作用的研究现况及应用前景。     

血管能抑素蛋白抑制鼠视网膜新生血管的研究

增生性糖尿病视网膜病变、早产儿视网膜病变、缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞等是一组严重的致盲性眼病[1],新生血管的生长伴出血、渗出、增生等病理性改变严重损害视功能,是此类眼病致盲的首要原因[2].目前治疗如视网膜激光光凝、冷冻和玻璃体切除术等本身就破坏视网膜的正常组织结构,效果不佳.     

VEGF和PEDF在增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变中的研究进展

增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变( proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)是一种以眼内新生血管形成为特征的糖尿病并发症。眼内新生血管的形成是当今世界主要致盲原因之一。血管内皮生长因子( vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)与色素上皮衍生因子( pigment epithelium-derived factor,PEDF)作为眼内新生血管形成最主要的细胞因子,近年来成为研究热点。本文就VEGF和PEDF在PDR中的研究进展进行综述。     

色素上皮源性因子与糖尿病性视网膜病变

研究表明眼内血管形成刺激凶子与抑制因子的失衡是糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）发生的主要原岗，而色素上皮源性因子（PEDF）是新近发现的一种重要的新生血管抑制物，可对抗病理性血管形成，同时具有神经营养及神经保护等其他作用。有研究表明糖尿病视网膜病变患者眼内PEDF表达发生改变，在DR的发生、发展过程中起一定的促进作用：就PEDF在DR中的表达及作用进行综述。     

Roundabout 4在肿瘤血管新生及细胞迁移中作用的研究进展

视网膜新生血管性疾病是世界范围内最严重的致盲性眼病之一,包括糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等.近年来普遍认为血管生长因子是调控视网膜内皮细胞增生和新生血管形成的最主要因素.Roundabout 4( Robo4)是近年发现的一种跨膜蛋白,特异性表达于血管生成活跃的内皮细胞表面.目前的研究认为,Robo4能够调控内...     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.