大肠癌患者血清IL—2、sIL—2R水平检测的意义

目的：为了探讨大肠癌患血清IL－2、sIL-2R的表达与临床病理的关系。方法：应用双抗体夹心ELISA法对20例大肠癌患及40例正常人的血清进行检测。结果：大肠癌患血清IL－2水平较正常人低（P＜0.01），而sIL-2R水平较正常人高（P＜0.001），Duke's C期大肠癌血清sIL-2R水平较Duke's A、B期大肠癌高（P＜0.05），淋巴结转移阳性血清sIL-2R水平较淋巴结转移阴性高表达（P＜0.05），肿瘤直径＞4cm血清sIL-2R水平较直径≤4cm高表达P＜0.005）。结论：血清IL－2、sIL-2R水平可能是监测大肠癌患病情变化及预后的重要指标。     

结缔组织病患儿B19病毒感染的意义

目的：研究我国小儿常见结缔组织病患B19病毒感染的状况及其临床意义。方法：用巢式PCR法对95例小儿常见结缔组织病患进行B19－DNA检测，对其中50例患同时进行B19主要衣壳蛋白抗IgM(B19-VP2-IgM）检测。结果：病例组95例，B19－DNA阳性34例（36％），健康对照组50例，B19－DNA阳性2例（4％）；病例组B19－DNA阳性率与对照组相比有显差异（P＜0．01）。病例组B19－VP2－IgM检测50例，阳性11例（22％），健康对照组B19－VP2－IgM均为阴性；B19－VP2－IgM阳性率与对照组相比有显差异（P＜0．01）。5种疾病间B19－DNA及B19－VP2－IgM阳性率无显差异（P＞0．05）。50例患B19－DNA，B19－VP2－IgM同时检测结果：10例B19－DNA，B19－VP2－IgM均阳性，1例仅B19－VP2－IgM阳性，7例仅B19－DNA阳性。病例组B19阳性率为37％（35／95）。结论：我国结缔组织疾病患儿有较高的B19感染率。B19与小儿结缔组织病密切相关，可能是导致这些疾病的主要病原体之一。     

类风湿关节炎患者血清和关节液细胞因子水平的变化及临床意义

目的　探讨幼年类风湿关节炎 (JRA)及类风湿关节炎 (RA)患者 IL- 6 ,IL- 8,s IL- 2 R和 TNF- α等细胞因子 (CK)水平的变化 ,及其与风湿活动的传统指标血沉 (ESR)和 C-反应蛋白 (CRP)的相关性 .方法　采用夹心 EL ISA法 ,对 30例 JRA和 34例 RA患者的血清中 ,4例 JRA,7例 RA,6例骨性关节炎 (OA)和 9例半月板损伤 (MT)患者的关节液中 IL- 6 ,IL- 8,s IL- 2 R和 TNF- α的水平进行检测 .结果　 130例 JRA,34例 RA患者血清 IL- 6和 s IL- 2 R的水平与对照组相差非常显著 (P>0 .0 1) ;30例 JRA患者血清 IL- 8水平与…     

复发性生殖器疱疹患者血清IL-2及其受体、IL-6、sICAM-1和sVCAM-1水平的研究

目的：了解复发性生殖器疱疹患者的细胞免疫功能及血清可溶性粘附分子水平。方法：采用ELISA法检测了34例复发性生殖器疱疹患者血清中白介素－2（IL－2）及其可溶性受体（sIL-2R)、白介素－6（IL－6）、细胞间粘附分子－1（sICAM-1)和血管细胞粘附分子－1（sVCAM-1)水平。结果：患者血清IL－2及IL－6明显低于正常对照（P＜0．01），sIL-2R,sICAM-1和sVCAM-1明显高于对照（P＜0．05）；发作期与缓解期的患者各项指标比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：复发性生殖器疱疹患者存在细胞免疫缺陷和血清粘附分子水平，可能与本病反复发作以及发生炎症反应有关。     

风湿性疾病患者滑膜培养上清液中IL-1、TNF-α及PGE_2的动态观察

通过关节镜技术采取膝关节滑膜并进行培养，分别于第1、4、7、14、28天收获上清液，测定33例上清液IL－1生物活性，其中类风湿关节炎（RA）11例：测定3O例TNF－α生物活性，RAg例；测定44例PGE2含量，RA11例。结果表明：IL－1增殖指数（GI）、TNF－α杀伤率（KR），RA组明显高于非滑膜炎组（对照组），两组比较差异显著（P＜0．05）；且IL－1与TNF－α高值出现的滑膜培养时间有很好的一致性。RA组使用改变病情药（DMARDs），特别是联合治疗的患者，IL－1及TNF－α活性有被压低的趋势。PGE2含量，RA＋滑膜炎组明显高于骨性关节炎＋非滑膜炎组，两组比较差异显著（P＜0．01）。提示细胞因子IL－1及TNF－α在RA发病机理中占有重要地位。本实验结果或许为类风湿新的治疗途径和战略提供一些线索。     

^99Tc—MDP对类风湿性关节炎患者外周血单核细胞产生细胞因子的影响

目的：探讨“云克”（^99Tc-MDP)治疗类风湿性关节炎（RA）的免疫机制。方法：采用ELISA双抗体夹心法，观察“云克”体外对RA患者外周血单核细胞（PBMC）产生白介素1（IL－1）和可溶性白介素2受体（sIL-2R)的影响。结果：“云克”有抑制RA患者IL－1的分泌及细菌脂多糖（LPS）的促分泌作用，并对可溶性白介素2受体的自发分泌及植物血素（PHA）诱导分泌均有抑制作用。结论：“云克”对RA的治疗机制可能与其降低IL－1和sIL-2R的作用有关。     

成人Still病患者血清细胞因子水平及与病情活动性的关系

目的：观察成人Still病患者血清细胞因子水平的变化，以及与病情活动性的关系。方法：18例成人Still病患者接受糖皮质激素治疗前及治疗1个月后，采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定血清白介素（IL）－1β、IL－6、IL－8、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）－α和可溶性IL－2受体（sIL-2R)水平，以及检测红细胞沉降率（ESR）、血清C－反应蛋白（CRP）和血清IgG、IgA和IgM水平。结果：所有患者在病情活动期，红细胞沉降率（ESR）和血清CRP、IL－1β、IL－6、IL－8、TNF－α和sIL-2R水平均显著增高，而IgG、IgA、IgM水平无显著升高。经泼尼松治疗1个月后，患者体温正常、关节痛和皮疹消失，ESR和血清CRP、IL－6、TNF－α和sIL-2R水平显著下降，IL－1β和IL－8水平无显著性变化。经直线相关分析，IL－6、TNF－α和sIL-2R水平与ESR、CRP均有相关性，且与IL－6的相关系数（r=0.62,0.58)为最高。结论：成人Still病患者在病情活动期血清免疫球蛋白水平无明显变化，而血清IL－1β、IL－6、IL－8、TNF－α和sIL-2R等细胞因子水平显著升高，且IL－6、TNF－α和sIL-2R水平与病情活动性相关，可作为病情活动性指标。     

氯丙嗪和氯氮平对精神分裂症血清细胞因子水平的影响

目的 探讨精神分裂症症状与细胞因子（CK）的关系，了解抗精神病药物对CK的影响。方法 用ELISA法检测24例精神分裂症患者治疗前后及16名正常人的血清白细胞介素－2（IL－2）及其可溶性受体（sIL-2R)、a-肿瘤坏死因子（TNFa)及其可溶性受体I（sTNF-RI)、受体Ⅱ（sTNF-rⅡ)、IL－10水平，同时采用简明精神病量表（BPRS）评估患者精神症状。结果 治疗前血清sIL-2R、sTNF-RI、sTNF-RⅡ、IL－10水平显著高于正常。氯氮平治疗IL－10显著下降。某些CK的变化与BPRS因子分的变化存在高度相关。结论 提示精神分裂症存在CK介导的免疫功能异常，CK的变化是精神症状演变的一个参考指标。氯氮平可能通过抑制IL－10而达到免疫抑制作用。     

重症肌无力患者雷公藤多甙治疗后周围血细胞免疫功能变化的研究

目的 探讨重症肌无力（MG）患者周围血细胞免疫功能变化及雷公藤多甙（TⅡ）治疗MG的免疫调节机制,方法 将52例MG患者随机分为TⅡ治疗组及非TⅡ治疗组,观察两组前后及40例正常对照血清白细胞介素－6（IL－6）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）及可溶性白细胞介素2受体（sIL-2R)水平。结果 TⅡ治疗组及非TⅡ治疗组治疗前血汪IL－6、TNF及sIL-2R水平分别显著高于正常对照组,TⅡ治疗组治疗后血清IL－6、TNF及sIL-2R的水平均较治疗前明显降低,而非TⅡ治疗组治疗前后血清IL－6、TNF及sIL-2R水平无显著性差别。结论 MG患者存在明显的细胞免疫功能紊乱,TⅡ治疗MG的免疫机制可能是通过抑制IL－6、TNF及sIL-2R产生而发挥。     

脑囊虫患儿细胞免疫功能观察

目的：探讨脑囊虫患儿细胞免疫功能。方法：T淋巴细胞亚群测定采用APAAP法,血清IL－2、sIL-2R测定采用ELISA法,IL－6和IL－8测定采用双抗体夹心ELISA法。结果：与对照组比较,脑囊虫患儿CD3^ 、CD4^ 和CD4^ /CD8^ 比值及血清IL－2水平明显降低（P＜0．01）;sIL-2R、IL－6和IL－8水平明显升高（P＜0．01）。结论：脑囊虫患儿细胞免疫功能低下和紊乱,细胞免疫功能测定可为患儿免疫疗法的应用提供可靠依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.