急性重症毒鼠强中毒后多脏器功能障碍的防治

目的:探讨急性重症毒鼠强中毒后多脏器功能障碍(multipleorgandysfunctionsysdrome,MODS)的预防和治疗。方法:对我科2002年9月14日收治的急性重症毒鼠强中毒后MODS的24例患者进行回顾性分析。结果:24例患者中11例死亡,13例存活。结论:急性重症毒鼠强中毒后MODS,预后差,死亡率高。     

急性毒鼠强重度中毒与多器官功能障碍综合征初探

目的　探讨急性毒鼠强重度中毒与多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)的关系。方法　收集 2 0例重度急性毒鼠强中毒患者的临床资料 ,与同期收治的 18例重度氟乙酰胺中毒患者的临床资料进行比较。结果　毒鼠强组与氟乙酰胺组都有癫痫样发作 ,但毒鼠强组具有较高的癫痫持续状态、后遗脑电图 (EEG)异常发生率 ,心肌酶 (CK Mb)升高 ,血小板数下降等多器官损害表现 ,易发生MODS。结论　毒鼠强较氟乙酰胺中毒病情凶险。     

血液灌流治疗急性毒鼠强中毒35例临床分析

目的观察血液灌流联合内科处理治疗急性毒鼠强中毒的临床疗效。方法对35例急性毒鼠强中毒患者除给予内科常规治疗外，同时进行血液灌流治疗，灌流时肝素首剂量1．0～1．5mg／kg，以后每半小时追加肝素4-8mg，血流量保持在每分种180～200ml，透析液流量500ml／min，一次灌流2小时，每日可灌流2次，连续灌流2～3d。结果27例重症患者连续灌流2日，每日4小时后清醒，8例轻症患者灌流2～4h后症状明显改善，未再抽搐，35例患者均治愈出院。结论血液灌流能有效清除血浆中的毒鼠强，对治疗急性毒鼠强中毒患者具有重要的临床应用价值。     

毒鼠强中毒并发MODS6例治疗体会

目的 通过运用综合治疗措施探讨治疗重症毒民强中毒的最佳方法。方法 运用早期强化治疗、持续血液净化(CRRT)、重要脏器保护、呼吸支持及营养支持等方法治疗重症毒鼠强中毒合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者。结论 运用文中所述治疗方法可以显著改善重症毒鼠强中毒合并MODS患者的预后。     

群体126例毒鼠强急性中毒的救治体会

目的：体会提高群体急性毒鼠强中毒的方法。方法：回顾性总结分析群体126例急性毒鼠强中毒的救治。结果：126例中毒患者全部康复出院，治愈率100％。结论：提高急性毒鼠强中毒救治的关键：尽快明确诊断，及时彻底清除患者体内毒物，控制抽搐，开放气道，早期防治并发症综合性治疗措施是抢救毒鼠强中毒的有效方法。     

异丙酚在救治急性重症毒鼠强中毒时的应用

毒鼠强为国家禁止生产、销售的剧毒杀鼠药。2002年9月14日南京汤山镇发生大量群众毒鼠强中毒事件，我院接诊了大批中毒患者。我们对其中116例急性重症毒鼠强中毒患者予以异丙酚镇静治疗，取得良好效果，现报道如下。     

氟乙酰胺,毒鼠强中毒107例临床分析

我院收治以反复抽搐、强直性惊厥为主要表现的氟乙酸胺、毒鼠强中毒107例，现分析报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男40例，占37．38％，女67例，占62．62％，年龄最小11个月，最大68岁。自接触毒源至就诊时间均为30min以上。氟乙酰胺中毒18例，毒鼠强中毒24例，无法确认（指氟乙酸胺或毒鼠强）65例。全部经口中毒。1.2临床表现人院时轻症患者多有头晕、全身乏力、恶心呕吐。重症患者59例表现为频繁发作的全身强直性抽搐、惊厥，占55．14％，其中4例出院1周后因抽搐发作再次入院。呼吸困难17例，占15．89％，昏迷43例，占40．19％，出现…     

急性毒鼠强中毒86例脑电图分析

目的 探讨急性毒鼠强中毒患者EEG变化及其临床意义。方法 将86例急性毒鼠强中毒患者分为轻、中、重三组，采用上海医用电子仪器厂生产的N082B八道EEG记录仪，在人院时和病情稳定后进行描记。结果 86例患者EEG均有明显变化，且与中毒程度显著相关。结论 急性毒鼠强中毒患者EEG变化一定程度上可反应中毒程度，在评价急性毒鼠强中毒患者的治疗转归、病程及预后方面有一定临床价值。     

急性毒鼠强中毒对血清心肌酶谱的影响

目的：探讨毒鼠强中毒对血清心肌酶谱的影响。方法：口服毒鼠强急性中毒患者27例，年龄9～70岁，入院后即应用动力学法行心肌酶谱检测；以同年龄组健康体检者20例为正常心肌酶谱对照组。结果：27例毒鼠强中毒者心电图检查23例正常，其余4例出现有ST—T改变及窦性心动过速，约占正常者16％。急性毒鼠强中毒对心肌有明显损伤，相关心肌酶明显增高，肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）与对照组相比均明显增高，P≤0．01。结论：救治急性毒鼠强中毒时，需注意保护心肌细胞。     

小儿急性毒鼠强中毒71例分析

目的　提高对小儿急性毒鼠强中毒的的认识和抢救水平。方法　对 71例急性毒鼠强中毒患儿进行中毒程度分类 ,分析救治措施并进行疗效统计。结果　中毒患儿多在 1h内发病 ,主要临床表现为头晕、乏力、恶心、呕吐 ;重症为肢体间歇性痉挛性抽搐 ,伴昏迷 (2 3例 ) ,呼吸衰竭 (2 1例 ) ,急性肺水肿 (5例 )和咯血 1例。本组有 14例死亡 ,均死于呼吸衰竭 ,病死率与中毒程度相关。结论　小儿毒鼠强中毒重症患者死亡率高 ,主要原因为呼吸衰竭 ,早期应彻底清除毒物 ,重症早期人工支持呼吸。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.