卡介苗干预对哮喘小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液干细胞因子、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子表达的影响

目的 观察哮喘小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)干细胞因子(SCF)、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)的表达,及卡介苗(BCG)干预对其表达的影响.方法 昆明小鼠30只随机分为哮喘组、BCG干预组、对照组,每组10只.以卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏激发建立哮喘模型.BCG干预组小鼠在OVA致敏前7、3、1 d以BCG皮内注射干预.末次激发24h后收集小鼠BALF,进行BALF中细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)计数,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测各组BALF中SCF、M-CSF水平.结果 哮喘组小鼠BALF中细胞总数[(27.06±4.25)×107L-1]、EOS计数[(7.58±1.30)×107L-1]较对照组[(4.93±1.43)×107L-1、0]明显增高(Pa<0.01);BCG干预组小鼠BALF中细胞总数[(18.87±2.96)×107L-1]、EOS计数[(3.78±1.44)×107L-1]较哮喘组显著降低(Pa<0.01);哮喘组SCF水平[(280.25±14.20)ng/L]与对照组[(223.59±15.61)ng/L]比较显著增高(P<0.01),而BCG干预组SCF水平[(266.77±31.15)ng/L]与哮喘组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);哮喘组M-CSF水平[(204.30±10.39)ng/L]与对照组[(181.33±8.63)ng/L]比较显著增高(P<0.01),而BCG干预组M-CSF水平[(189.97±8.50)ng/L]与哮喘组比较显著下降(P<0.01).结论 致敏前多次给予BCG干预能显著抑制哮喘小鼠呼吸道炎性反应.哮喘小鼠BALF中SCF及M-CSF的表达增高,BCG干预能降低哮喘小鼠M-CSF的表达.抑制SCF或M-CSF的表达可能成为治疗哮喘的潜在靶点.     

Inoculation of bacille calmette guerin combined with intraperitoneal adenosine injection enhances antibacterial effect of macrophage against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice

OBJECTIVE: The protection rate of inoculation with BCG vaccine is only 50 percent, and most of patients with tuberculosis had a history of BCG vaccine inoculation. Adenosine (ADO) has an immunomodulating effect; it promotes immune reaction by increasing number of macrophage and enhancing phagocytosis. The present study was designed to investigate if combined use of adenosine with BCG enhances the anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect of macrophage in mice. METHODS: Fifty BALB/C mice were divided randomly into 3 groups: BCG group (n = 21), BCG plus ADO group (n = 21) and control group (n = 8). The mice in BCG and BCG plus ADO groups were inoculated with 0.1 ml BCG intradermally and the mice in BCG plus ADO group were injected intraperitoneally with ADO 30 mg/(kg.d) for 5 days. The mice in BCG group and control group were injected with NS 0.1 ml/d for 5 days. Six weeks after the last injection, all mice were challenged with intravenous 1 x 10(6) CFU human Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulent strain. After challenging, lung and spleen specimens were taken at the 10th, 20th and 30th days from the mice of BCG and BCG plus ADO groups and at the 30th day from mice in control group. The pathological examinations of lung and spleen sections were performed after HE staining and acid-fast staining, and detection of cell apoptosis was also performed. RESULTS: Consolidation with neutrophil infiltration was found in most of the lung tissue taken at the day 30; there were a lot of tuberculous granulomas and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs of control group. The alveolar septum in BCG gradually became wide and in interstitium lymphocyte infiltration dominated, and there were less tuberculous granulomas but there were large number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs from 10th to 30th days after challenging. The widening of alveolar septum and consolidation of lung tissue in BCG plus ADO group became milder with monocytes infiltration, and there were few tuberculosis granulomas and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs from 10th to 30th days after challenging. CONCLUSION: ADO could increase the number of monocyte-macrophages and promoted anti-bacterial effects of these cells.     

血清结核杆菌抗体检测在呼吸道感染鉴别诊断中的意义

为探讨血清特异性结核抗体的辅助诊断价值和加强对小儿肺炎的鉴别诊断，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）法，对１５７７例肺炎患儿、６８５例健康儿童及１１１例支气管淋巴结结核患儿进行了血清特异性结核抗体检测，用纯蛋白衍生物皮试作对照，肺炎组还作了结核杆菌ＰＣＲ检查。结果表明，结核组患儿的结核抗体阳性８４例（７５．７％），健康组儿童的结核抗体阳性２４例（３．５％），肺炎组的结核抗体阳性２６２例（１６．６％），肺炎组与健康组比较，ｕ＝８．６３，Ｐ＜０．０１。符合儿童结核诊断者３９例，占受检病例的２．５％，占结核抗体阳性病例的１４．９％。ＥＬＩＳＡ法的敏感性为０．７５７、特异性为０．９６５、符合率为０．９３６、阳性预测值为０．７７８、阴性预测值为０．９６１、精确性为０．７２２，９５％可信限为０．６１２～０．８３２之间。提示检测结核抗体有重要辅助诊断价值；肺炎患儿的结核感染率远高于健康组，故应高度警惕，在肺炎患儿中发现结核病患儿，并将其作为重点防治对象。     

γ干扰素释放试验诊断儿童潜伏结核菌感染的Meta分析

目的以结核菌素皮肤试验(TST)为参考试验,评价QuantiFERON-TB Gold test(QFT)和T-SPOT.TB两种IFN-γ释放试验诊断儿童潜伏结核菌感染的准确性。方法计算机检索EMBASE、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、中文科技期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库和万方数字化期刊群等数据库,检索时间均为建库至2010年3月。全面检索IFN-γ释放试验诊断儿童潜伏结核菌感染的文献,按照诊断试验的纳入标准筛选文献,提取纳入文献的特征信息(研究背景、设计信息和诊断参数信息)。根据QUADAS质量评价标准评价纳入文献的质量。采用Meta-Disc1.4软件进行Meta分析,检验异质性,并根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型。对纳入文献予以加权定量合并,计算汇总敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比和诊断优势比及其95%CI,绘制汇总受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线,并计算曲线下面积(AUC)。结果共检出相关文献285篇,按照文献纳入标准,最终纳入13篇文献(英文文献12篇和中文文献1篇)。10篇文献报道了QFT试验对儿童潜伏结核菌感染的诊断价值,汇总敏感度为0.40(95%CI:0.37~0.44)、汇总特异度为0.87(95%CI:0.85~0.88)、汇总阳性似然比为6.21(95%CI:3.07~12.54)、汇总阴性似然比为0.46(95%CI:0.31~0.68)、汇总诊断优势比为15.58(95%CI:7.47~32.48),SROC AUC为0.8931。4篇文献报道了T-SPOT.TB试验对儿童潜伏结核菌感染的诊断价值,汇总敏感度为0.74(95%CI:0.68~0.79)、汇总特异度为0.84(95%CI:0.81~0.87)、汇总阳性似然比为4.66(95%CI:1.27~17.12)、汇总阴性似然比为0.42(95%CI:0.18~0.99)、汇总诊断优势比为13.71(95%CI:3.71~50.72),SROCAUC为0.8306。结论 IFN-γ释放试验适用于进一步鉴别诊断儿童是否处于潜伏结核菌感染,不适合儿童潜伏结核菌感染的筛查。     

卡托普利对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌线粒体结构及其酶活性的影响

目的　研究卡托普利对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌线粒体结构和三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)酶活性变化的影响。方法　将雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为柯萨奇病毒B3 (CVB3 )感染组、CVB3 感染加卡托普利治疗组和对照组。以d3、d14为两个时相点 ,比较线粒体超微结构 ,线粒体Na+ K+ ATP酶、Ca2 + ATP酶活性变化。结果　感染组心肌细胞线粒体结构破坏 ,线粒体Na+ K+ ATP酶、Ca2 + ATP酶活性较对照组显著下降 (P均 <0 .0 1)。卡托普利治疗组各时相点线粒体结构破坏较轻 ,线粒体Na+ K+ATP 酶、Ca2 + ATP酶活性较感染组明显增高 (P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论　病毒性心肌炎早期即可见心肌线粒体结构破坏 ,ATP酶活性下降。卡托普利可有效保护心肌线粒体结构和功能