细粒棘球蚴重组14-3-3基因的表达、纯化及免疫学鉴定

目的 构建细粒棘球蚴14-3—3基因的重组质粒并原核表达、纯化该重组蛋白，对其免疫学特性进行初步鉴定。方法 从重组质粒pGEM—T／Eg14-3—3中获取14—3—3基因，亚克隆于表达载体pET28a构建基因丁程菌株，并表达、纯化重组蛋白，经Westernblot、ELISA对该蛋白的免疫学特性进行初步研究。结果 成功构建含目的片段14—33的基因工程菌株；ELISA检测显示，用表达、纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠，诱导产生了特异性抗体，Westernblot鉴定该抗体能识别重组抗原及原头蚴、囊液、囊壁抗原。结论构建的pET28a／Eg14—3—3菌株能高效表达14—3—3蛋白，初步鉴定该重组蛋白具有较好的抗原性和免疫原性。     

细粒棘球绦虫(中国大陆株)诊断抗原P-29基因的表达、纯化及免疫原性初步分析

目的对细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus,Eg)诊断抗原P-29(diagnostic antigen P-29)重组质粒进行原核表达、纯化,并初步分析重组蛋白的免疫原性。方法从重组质粒EgP-29/pGEM-T中获取诊断抗原P-29基因,亚克隆于表达载体pET-28a构建基因工程菌株,并表达、纯化重组蛋白,经Western-blot、ELISA分析重组蛋白的免疫原性。结果成功构建原核重组表达载体EgP-29/pET-28a/BL21(DE3)plysS,并纯化出浓度较高的重组蛋白。ELISA检测显示,用表达、纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠,诱导产生了特异性抗体IgG,Western-blotting鉴定该抗体能识别重组抗原及天然抗原原头蚴。结论重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性。     

细粒棘球蚴亲肌肉抗原在小鼠中的免疫保护力研究

目的 对细粒棘球蚴亲肌肉抗原(myophilin antigen)进行原核表达、纯化并用小鼠实验评价其免疫学特性. 方法 提取总RNA,构建克隆质粒Eg myophilin/pGEM-T,然后将亲肌肉抗原基因亚克隆于表达载体pET28a,进行诱导表达;纯化重组蛋白并免疫小鼠.利用Western blot、ELISA鉴定其免疫学特性,并通过包囊计数,评价其免疫保护力. 结果 成功构建原核重组表达载体Eg myophilin/pET28a,并表达、纯化出浓度较高的亲肌肉抗原.ELISA检测显示,用纯化的亲肌肉抗原免疫小鼠,诱导产生了特异性抗体;Western blot鉴定该抗体能识别重组抗原及原头蚴.攻击感染实验表明亲肌肉抗原免疫小鼠的包囊数为0.93±2.1,对照组为7.13±10.21,两者差异有统计学意义,获得的保护力约为94.4%. 结论 成功表达细粒棘球蚴亲肌肉抗原,纯化后的重组蛋白具有抗原性和免疫原性,有望作为棘球蚴病疫苗候选分子.     

细粒棘球蚴(中国大陆株)抗原zw-5基因的表达、纯化及免疫学特性初步分析

目的对细粒棘球蚴(Echinococcus granulosus,Eg)抗原zw-5重组质粒进行原核表达、纯化,并初步分析重组蛋白的免疫学特性。方法从重组质粒Eg.zw-5/pGEM-T中获取抗原zw-5基因,亚克隆于表达载体pET-28a构建基因工程菌株,并表达、纯化重组蛋白;用Eg.zw-5免疫ICR小鼠,通过Western-blot、ELISA对Eg.zw-5的免疫学特性进行初步研究。结果构建原核重组表达基因工程菌株Eg.zw-5/pET-28a/BL21(DE3)plysS,并纯化出分子量为28kD的重组蛋白。West-ern-blot显示,Eg.zw-5免疫的小鼠血清能识别重组蛋白和天然抗原原头蚴中约28KD处的条带。ELISA检测显示,用Eg.zw-5免疫小鼠,可诱导产生特异性抗体IgG。结论成功表达细粒棘球蚴重组抗原Eg.zw-5,该重组蛋白有较好的免疫原性及抗原性。     

鹦鹉热衣原体噬菌体Chp1衣壳蛋白VP1的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

目的原核表达并纯化鹦鹉热衣原体(Chlamydia psittaci,Cps)噬菌体Chp1衣壳蛋白VP1的重组蛋白rVP11-190,并制备多克隆抗体。方法采用Clustal Omega在线软件对6株衣原体噬菌体VP1蛋白的氨基酸序列进行多重比对,确定Chp1VP1蛋白的保守区和特异区,并用DNAStar软件预测抗原表位。选择VP11-190与pET28a(+)载体连接构建原核表达载体pET28a-VP11-190,转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,采用Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白;用纯化的重组蛋白免疫ICR小鼠,制备免疫血清,ELISA法检测其抗rVP11-190的效价。结果构建的原核表达载体pET28(a)-VP11-190经IPTG诱导高效表达了相对分子质量约为30×103的重组蛋白。用该蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体血清,ELISA法测定免疫小鼠血清抗体效价为1∶12 800。结论成功原核表达并纯化了噬菌体Chp1衣壳蛋白VP11-190的重组蛋白,制备的鼠抗VP11-190多克隆抗体血清效价及特异性良好,为进一步分离鉴定鹦鹉热衣原体的噬菌体奠定了基础。     

细粒棘球蚴谷胱甘肽s-转移酶重组抗原的高效融合表达、纯化及免疫特性的研究

目的构建细粒棘球蚴重组蛋白谷胱甘肽s-转移酶(EgGST)的表达载体,获得纯化的重组蛋白,并对其免疫学特性进行初步鉴定,为重组疫苗研制的后续工作提供依据。方法从本室已构建的重组质粒GST/pGEM-T中酶切下GST目的片段,亚克隆入表达载体pET28a,转化入大肠杆菌BL21plys进行融合表达,经His-bind树脂纯化系统小量纯化,得到纯化的重组融合蛋白作为抗原。免疫ICR小鼠,获得抗血清。通过蛋白免疫印迹试验(Western blot)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测重组抗原的免疫学特性。结果成功构建具有高效表达能力的基因工程菌株,并纯化了重组蛋白,纯化的重组抗原免疫小鼠的抗血清可识别天然与重组抗原,实验组血清与对照组血清抗体含量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性和免疫原性。     

细粒棘球蚴铁蛋白基因的克隆重组高效表达及免疫学初步研究

目的构建细粒棘球蚴（Echinococcus granulosusEg）铁蛋白（ferritin）基因的原核表达重组质粒并表达、纯化该重组蛋白，初步研究其免疫反应。方法将细粒棘球蚴铁蛋白基因亚克隆于表达载体pGEX-6p-1，转化重组体到大肠杆菌B121中，在异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导下表达；用SD争PAGE和Western—blot对表达产物进行初步鉴定，用切胶纯化的融合蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠，通过Western-blot对该蛋白的免疫学特性进行初步研究。结果重组铁蛋白与GST以融合表达的形式在细菌中高效表达，表达产物为不可溶性的包涵体，蛋白分子量约为42kD。融合蛋白Egferritin／GST能被细粒棘球蚴免疫的家兔血清和特异性小鼠抗血清所识别，同时特异性小鼠抗血清可识别天然抗原囊液、原头蚴可溶性蛋白中约19kD的蛋白条带。结论成功地表达细粒棘球蚴重组铁蛋白，并且该蛋白有一定的免疫原性及抗原性。     

细粒棘球绦虫EgM123蛋白融合霍乱毒素B亚单位疫苗的构建表达及免疫原性研究

目的 构建和表达细粒棘球绦虫成虫特异表达EgM123基因与霍乱毒素B的融合蛋白(CTB-EgM123);并确定CTB-EgM123蛋白的抗原性。方法 将合成EgM123基因序列连接到pET28a/CTB原核表达载体中,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21中。利用IPTG诱导目的基因的表达;用SDS-PAGE及Western-Blotting对表达蛋白进行分析和鉴定;用纯化蛋白免疫小鼠及犬,用ELISA方法对小鼠及犬的血清抗体效价和肠黏液的抗体亚类进行分析。结果 PCR和测序确定CTB-EgM123基因片段长度为804 bp,pET28a/CTB-EgM123原核表达阅读框序列正确。在37 ℃条件下,经IPTG 0.4 mmol/L诱导5 h,获得CTB-EgM123高表达的包涵体蛋白,分子质量为37 kDa。免疫小鼠结果表明复性CTB-EgM123蛋白具较好免疫原性,抗体效价> 320 000;以IgG2a为主。检测免疫犬血清效价,结果发现用融合蛋白免疫后的犬血清抗体效价> 64 000,效价高于EgM123免疫组(t=0.0064,P< 0.05);且在4周时,抗体呈上升趋势,并能较长时间维持抗体水平。结论 原核表达载体pET28a/CTB-EgM123在大肠杆菌中成功表达,纯化蛋白接种小鼠和犬表明具有高的抗原性。表明CTB可以增强蛋白的免疫原性,并刺激小鼠和犬体内产生高水平的体液和黏膜免疫。本研究为研发犬用包虫病疫苗奠定了基础。     

淋球菌MlaA重组蛋白表达及多克隆抗体的制备与应用

目的 原核表达、纯化淋球菌MlaA蛋白,制备并鉴定其多克隆抗体。方法 构建原核表达载体pET-28a-MlaA,转化BL21(DE3)大肠埃希菌,经IPTG诱导重组蛋白的表达。通过亲和层析法纯化目的蛋白,并进行Western blot鉴定。以纯化的重组蛋白作为抗原,与佐剂乳化后免疫6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,3次免疫后取小鼠静脉血并分离血清,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定抗体效价,用Western blot、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和流式细胞术(FCM)检测MlaA多克隆抗体的反应性和特异性。结果 Western blot显示,pET-28a-MlaA转化BL21后表达相对分子质量为35×10³的淋球菌MlaA重组蛋白。ELISA检测MlaA免疫小鼠血清抗体效价为1∶8 000～1∶32 000。Western blot、IFA和流式细胞术检测制备的抗体能识别淋球菌变性和非变性MlaA蛋白。结论 成功表达并纯化淋球菌MlaA重组蛋白,免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,将制备的抗体血清作为一抗对淋球菌及其他不同类菌株进行Western Blot检测后发现,制备的多克隆...     

细粒棘球绦虫原头节抗原分子Eg-01883的克隆、表达及免疫原性分析

目的筛选细粒棘球蚴原头节抗原分子Eg-01883,并进行克隆、表达及免疫原性分析,为寻找棘球蚴病特异性诊断抗原提供依据。方法分析已发表的细粒棘球绦虫mRNA测序数据,筛选六钩蚴中不表达、原头节中高表达的抗原分子Eg-01883。提取细粒棘球蚴原头节总RNA,用RT-PCR对目的基因Eg-01883进行克隆,重组构建原核表达载体p ET28a-Eg-01883,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达并纯化目的重组蛋白r Eg-01883。ICR小鼠随机分为3组(每组12只),免疫组小鼠的背部皮下多点注射r Eg-01883,2周后加强免疫1次(剂量均为10μg,100μl/只);佐剂组注射福氏佐剂和PBS,空白对照组不作任何处理。分别于免疫前,首次免疫后1、2、4周每组小鼠尾静脉采血,免疫后6周进行去眼球采血。用ELISA检测3组小鼠免疫后不同时间点的血清特异性Ig G抗体水平,及细胞因子白介素4(IL-4)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平。蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)分析重组蛋白r Eg-01883的免疫原性。结果筛选出在细粒棘球蚴原头节中高表达的抗原分子Eg-01883,克隆、表达和纯化后获得重组蛋白r Eg-01883,该蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。ELISA检测结果显示,用纯化后的重组蛋白r Eg-01883免疫小鼠,可诱导产生特异性Ig G抗体,免疫组小鼠的血清Ig G抗体水平自首次免疫后1周开始上升,6周时达到最高水平(2.344±0.153),显著高于佐剂组(0.206 1±0.006)和空白对照组(0.241±0.01)(P0.01)。首次免疫后6周,血清中的细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4水平,免疫组分别为43.23 pg/ml和24.88 pg/ml,均显著高于佐剂组(21.77 pg/ml,13.27 pg/ml)和空白对照组(17.40 pg/ml,12.25 pg/ml)(P0.05)。Western blotting分析结果显示,该重组蛋白r Eg-01883抗原可被His-Tag标签抗体、免疫组小鼠血清、原头节继发感染的小鼠血清识别。结论筛选获得细粒棘球绦虫原头节中高表达的抗原分子Eg-01883,克隆、表达、纯化后的重组蛋白r Eg-01883免疫ICR小鼠具有较好的免疫原性。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.