人体接种浓缩或纯化狂犬疫苗后抗体水平分析

人被狗、猫、鼠等温血类哺乳动物咬、抓伤后,必须进行狂犬疫苗全程免疫。为了解鹿寨县受伤人群注射狂犬疫苗后抗体产生情况,于1999年8月至2003年6月对接受狂犬疫苗注射的接种者进行抗体测定和分析,现将结果报道如下。     

不同类型狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体水平比较

狂犬病是病死率最高的急性传染病 ,目前尚无特异的有效治疗。被犬、猫等动物咬伤后 ,主要通过注射狂犬疫苗来预防狂犬病 ,故疫苗的有效保护就显得极为重要。为了解浓缩疫苗和精制疫苗的免疫效果 ,我们对 16 80例被犬、猫等动物咬伤者注射浓缩狂犬疫苗或精制狂犬疫苗后进行抗体检测 ,结果报告如下。对象与方法1　对象　 1996年以来在本中心就诊的被犬、猫等动物舔、咬、抓伤者 (1998年两种疫苗混用 ,故未作统计 )。观察对象按规定咬伤后 0、 3、 7、 14、 30天全程 5针接种 (1996年、 1997年注射浓缩疫苗 ,1999年、 2 0 0 0年注射精制疫苗 )…     

狂犬疫苗注射后抗体水平分析

狂犬病是一种危害群众健康的急性传染病,人与动物共患,由于该病的潜伏期长短不一,短则1～2个月,最长可达30年。狂犬病的病死率高,狂犬病的分布遍及城乡,其危害严重,犬咬伤者须及时全程足量注射狂犬疫苗,由于存在个体差异等因素,因此观察狂犬疫苗注射后抗体水平对提高免疫预防具有重要指导意义。     

狂犬疫苗免疫后血清抗体的检测结果

目的:了解狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体产生情况。方法:采用ELISA法检测全程免疫和未全程免疫后4 5d的患者血清抗体。结果:经全程免疫后抗体阳转率为83 5 5 % (739/ 874 ) ,未完成全程免疫者抗体阳转率为34 5 3% (96 / 2 78) ,二者差异有显著性(χ2 =2 4 9 4 9,P <0 0 0 1) ;男女性别抗体阳转率差异无显著性(χ2 =0 2 4 5 ,P >0 0 5 ) ;低年龄组人群的抗体阳转率明显高于高年龄组人群,(χ2 =32 13,P <0 0 0 1) ;约15 %的人初免失败。结论:纯化狂犬疫苗对人类具有较好的免疫效果,对暴露后狂犬疫苗要全程接种,对免疫功能减弱者要适当增加免疫次数。     

人用浓缩狂犬疫苗不同剂量免疫后血清抗体观察

狂犬病是一种古老而又无有效药物治疗的恶性传染病,其病死率为100％。目前在国内外唯一的方法是在被动物致伤后注射狂犬疫苗或联合使用抗血清来预防此病。为了解我国现行的地鼠肾理想的免疫方案,我们对76例因动物致伤的就诊者进行不同剂量的注射,采取IFA间接免疫荧光抗体试验法进行免疫后的抗狂犬病毒抗体测定。另对36份标本的IFA法和ELISA酶联免疫吸附测定法检测结果进行了比较。现将结果报告如下。1 对象和方法1.1 观察对象 自1997～1998年,到我站门诊就诊的被狗、猫等动物咬、抓伤者,共计76人。     

全程注射狂犬疫苗后抗体水平的追踪观察

狂犬伤人后 ,预防犬伤者发病唯一手段是及时全程注射狂犬疫苗。 1993年我县发生一起 2 h内同一狂犬连伤 18人事件 ,县站及时对伤者进行了伤口局部处理和全程注射了狂犬疫苗。为了解伤者注射狂犬疫苗后抗体情况及判断预后和维持时间 ,本文对 18名伤者注射狂犬疫苗的第 14 d进行了血清中和抗体测定 (EL ISA) ,以后在满 1、 5、 7年时又分别做了抗体追踪测定 ,7年中随访观察。现将结果报告如下 :1　对象和方法1.1　对象和伤情　 18例被同一狂犬咬伤者 ,伤者中最大年龄 5 6岁 ,最小 16岁 ,男 17人 ,女 1人 ,上肢伤者 4人 ,头面部伤者 3人 ,下…     

社旗县4510例狂犬疫苗全程免疫后抗体检测结果分析

目的 为了解社旗县近5年来全程接种狂犬疫苗的人群抗体产生情况.方法 对2006-2010年社旗县4 510例狂犬疫苗全程免疫后抗体检测.结果 4 510份血清标本中阳性4 309份,总阳性率95.54%.其中男女之间、各年龄组之间及接种季节之间的差异均有统计学意义.结论 开展狂犬疫苗全程免疫的抗体检测十分重要,对未产生...     

514名纯化精制狂犬疫苗接种者免疫效果分析

<正> 瑞金市卫生防疫站始于2001年10月应用纯化精制狂犬疫苗,为了解该疫苗接种后抗体产生情况,评价免疫效果及不同人群产生抗体水平,本文采用ELISA方法对514名狂犬疫苗接种者进行血清抗体检测。     

2 519例精制狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体检测分析

对2519例精制狂犬疫苗免疫后抗体检测结果分析表明各年龄组，男女之间并无显著性差异。     

Antibody response of patients after postexposure rabies vaccination with small intradermal doses of purified chick embryo cell vaccine or purified Vero cell rabies vaccine

Although the introduction of tissue culture vaccines for rabies has dramatically improved the immunogenicity and safety of rabies vaccines, they are often prohibitively expensive for developing countries. To examine whether smaller doses of these vaccines could be used, we tested the safety and immunogenicity of purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCECV) on 211 patients in Thailand with World Health Organization (WHO) category II and III exposures to rabies. The patients presented at two Thai hospitals and were randomized into three groups. Patients in Group 1 received 0.1 ml PCECV intradermally at two sites on days 0, 3, 7, and at one site on days 30 and 90. Group 2 was treated similarly, except that purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) was used instead of PCECV. Group 3 received 1.0 ml PCECV intramuscularly on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90. After 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days serum was collected from the subjects and the geometric mean titres (GMTs) of rabies virus neutralizing antibody determined. After 14 days the GMT of 59 patients vaccinated intradermally with PCECV was equivalent to that of patients who received PVRV. Adverse reactions were more frequent in patients who received vaccines intradermally, indicating the reactions were associated with the route of injection, rather than the vaccine per se. We conclude that PCECV is a safe and highly immunogenic vaccine for postexposure rabies vaccination when administered intradermally in 0.1-ml doses using the two-site method ("2,2,2,0,1,1") recommended by WHO.     

Target cells for antibodies detection in rabies vaccine control

Rabies causes one of the most lethal zoonotic diseases, with more than 55,000 deaths reported annually. Prevention is based on pre-exposure vaccination of individuals at high risk of contracting rabies, and mass vaccination of dog, which are the main vector for transmission to humans. Post-exposure prophylaxis includes vaccination and rabies immunoglobulins treatment. The measurement of neutralizing antibodies in sera of vaccinated individuals is a primary concern to determine the efficacy of immunization schedules or the potency of new vaccines. Antibodies against rabies glycoprotein are considered an ideal indicator. In this work we showed the development of a VERO clone that is able to detect by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, the presence of antibodies against the rabies glycoprotein, specifically in its native conformation anchored in the plasma membrane. These cells could trigger the development of a new rapid method for the detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals.     

冻干无佐剂Vero细胞CTN狂犬病疫苗安全性和免疫原性研究

目的 观察人用冻干狂犬病疫苗(Vero细胞/CTN疫苗株)的安全性、免疫原性和抗体持久性.方法 对450名健康志愿者随机分为2组,300人(试验组)接种人用冻干狂犬病疫苗(Vero细胞/CTN疫苗株),150人(对照组)接种进口冻干无佐剂狂犬病纯化疫苗;按照0、3、7、14、28 d免疫程序;观察每针次接种后局部和全身反应.采用快速荧光灶抑制试验(RFFIT)检测0(首剂接种前)、3、7、14、28d血清中和抗体水平(GMT).首剂免疫后365 d采集试验组血样本212份,对照组血样本97份;首剂免疫后730 d采集试验组血样本176份,对照组血样本80份,RFFIT检测GMT.结果 所有接种对象均未出现严重局部和全身反应.首剂免疫后3、7、14、28、365和730 d试验组抗体阳转率分别为2.35%、80.78%、100.00%、100.00%、98.58%和73.30%;GMT分别为0.12、1.01、9.83、12.61、3.68和2.81 IU/ml.首剂免疫后3、7、14、28、365和730 d对照组抗体阳转率分别为4.00%、87.20%、100.00%、100.00%、97.94%和76.25%;GMT分别为0.13、1.18、10.24、11.61、4.18和1.92 IU/ml.所有结果试验组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 人用冻干狂犬病疫苗具有良好的安全性、免疫原性和抗体持久性.     

南宁铁路地区狂犬病疫苗接种者情况调查与分析

目的了解南宁铁路地区居民狂犬疫苗接种的情况。方法对南宁铁路地区疾控中心接种门诊2007-2009年狂犬疫苗接种者情况进行了调查和分析。结果南宁铁路地区近几年来狂犬病疫苗接种人数变化不大,但女性接种者明显多于男性;年龄分布主要是以21-50岁年龄组较多,约占年接种人数的63.26%-68.70%,其次是10-20岁年龄组,约占17.22%-19.73%,而小孩(10岁)和老人(50岁)相对较少;受伤后能够及时进行正确消毒处理的约占65.7%-84.1%。结论人们对狂犬病的基本处理方法、健康保健的防护意识大大的提高了。为了防止"问题疫苗"导致的不良后果,建议狂犬疫苗接种者在接种疫苗后进行狂犬病毒抗体检测,如果机体内尚未产生保护性狂犬病毒抗体,应该重新或加强接种狂犬疫苗,确保免疫效果。     

Production of rabies fluorescent conjugate by immunization of rabbits with purified rabies antigen

Fluorescein-labelled antirabies virus conjugate was produced by hyperimmunizing rabbits with a purified rabies virus (CVS-27). The conjugate had a working dilution of ≥1: 500 in the rabies fluorescent antibody test. Stability under lyophilization was satisfactory.     

Immunogenicity, safety and lot consistency in adults of a chromatographically purified Vero-cell rabies vaccine: a randomized, double-blind trial with human diploid cell rabies vaccine

The immunogenicity and safety of a chromatographically purified rabies vaccine (CPRV) was evaluated using US veterinary medical students. In the first study, 242 healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, modified double-blind, multicenter trial and received five doses of either CPRV or human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) by intramuscular injection on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 concurrently with human rabies immunoglobulin in a simulated post-exposure prophylaxis regimen. Post-immunization titers in the CPRV and HDCV groups reached 0.5 IU/ml (the WHO-recommended minimally acceptable titer) or greater in all subjects in both vaccine groups by day 14 and remained above that level through day 90. In the second study, 438 healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial and assigned to receive five doses from one of three lots of CPRV by intramuscular injection on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in a simulated post-exposure prophylaxis regimen to evaluate lot consistency. Post-immunization titers rapidly increased to over 0.5 IU/ml by day 14 for all subjects and remained above that level through day 42 when the study was terminated. The three lots were considered equivalent. The percentage of subjects with at least one local reaction during the five-dose regimen was slightly lower in the CPRV group than in the HDCV group (P=0.06). The most frequently reported local reaction for all doses of vaccine was pain at the injection site. Headache, myalgia, and malaise were the most frequently reported systemic events. The percentage of subjects with at least one systemic event was significantly lower for CPRV (P=0.0084). No vaccine-related serious adverse reaction was reported in these studies. The results of these studies indicate that CPRV administered intramuscularly to healthy adults is immunogenic and is associated with fewer local and systemic reactions than HDCV.     

Immunogenicity and safety study of Indirab: A Vero cell based chromatographically purified human rabies vaccine

A chromatographically purified Vero cell rabies vaccine, Indirab manufactured by Bharat Biotech International Limited, Hyderabad, India was subjected to safety and immunogenicity studies by both intramuscular and intradermal routes of administration in parallel with a reference vaccine, Verorab. A Pre-exposure study was undertaken in 239 subjects by intramuscular (IM) route (Study I), Post-exposure study in 188 patients by intramuscular route (Study II) and Simulated post-exposure study in 134 subjects by intradermal (ID) route (Study III). All subjects in these studies were administered with either the test or the reference vaccine as per WHO approved intramuscular and intradermal regimens. The blood samples were collected on days 0, 14 and 35 in case of Study 1, and days 0, 14, 28 and 90 in case of studies II and III. In all studies both vaccine groups had adequate antibody titers (>0.5 IU/mL) on all days tested post-vaccination and there was no significant difference in the titers observed (p > 0.05). Some side effects like pain, induration, itching and fever were noted in both vaccine groups in all studies. Both vaccines were well tolerated. Hence it can be concluded that Indirab is as safe and immunogenic as Verorab when administered by both intramuscular and intradermal routes.