吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜对皮肤黏膜刺激性和抑菌作用的研究

目的探讨吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜对皮肤、黏膜的刺激性和抑菌作用。方法采用皮肤、阴道黏膜刺激试验方法和抑菌试验方法。结果吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜对家兔皮肤刺激反应积分均值为0，按照刺激强度分级属无刺激性。阴道黏膜刺激试验，阳性对照组（壬苯醇醚膜）刺激指数为0．7，实验组（吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜）刺激指数为0．3。吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜作用10min对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用；作用5min对大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌均有较强抑菌作用。壬苯醇醚膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌作用较弱，对白色念珠菌无抑菌作用。膜基质片无抑菌作用。结论吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜对皮肤元刺激性，阴道黏膜的刺激指数比壬苯醇醚膜明显降低，对细菌和真菌均具有明显的抑菌作用。     

跨膜移动率:一种简便客观的精子运动力检测方法

本实验应用精子跨膜移动率(TMMR)测定方法,考察了光镜下精子活动率与TMMR的相关性。同时还用杀精剂壬苯醇醚,精子获能液BWW以及精子运动激动剂咖啡因分别作用于射出精子,观察精子TMMR的改变。结果显示精子TMMR与光镜下估测的精子活动率有高度相关性(r=0.64,p<0.005)。精子的TMMR随壬苯醇醚作用浓度的增加而下降;BWW和咖啡因都能使精子活动力增加,并使精子TMMR明显上升。本实验方法简便,操作容易,数据客观,具有明显的可行性和实用性。     

吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜的急性毒性和致突变性研究

目的 研究吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜的急性毒性和致突变性,为评价安全性提供毒理学依据.方法 使用昆明种清洁级小鼠进行急性经口毒性实验,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形实验.结果 对小鼠的急性经口毒性试验,LD50＞5,000mg/kg体重,属于实际无毒物.小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核和小鼠精子畸形率实验结果均为阴性,无致微核作用和无致精子畸形作用.结论 吸液缓溶性壬苯醇醚膜无急性毒性作用,对体细胞和生殖细胞无致突变性.     

痊愈妥联合聚维酮碘治疗Ⅱ期压力性损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨痊愈妥联合聚维酮碘治疗对Ⅱ期压力性损伤的效果。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,针对我院2015年10月~2017年10月收治的Ⅱ期压力性损伤患者,对比三种不同处理方法评估痊愈妥疗效:痊愈妥+聚维酮碘乳膏组、痊愈妥单用组和聚维酮碘乳膏单用组;共78名符合条件患者入组,每组26例;观察时间为1月。结果痊愈妥+聚维酮碘组所有患者接受治疗均有效,其治愈时间较其他两组均缩短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。痊愈妥+聚维酮碘、痊愈妥单用和聚维酮碘单用三组的有效率接近,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。痊愈妥单独使用的治愈时间比较聚维酮碘乳膏没有优势,两组间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论痊愈妥联合聚维酮碘治疗Ⅱ期压力性损伤的疗效显著,恢复时间更快。     

茶皂素对壬苯醇醚杀精增效作用的实验研究

目的 :观察茶皂素对壬苯醇醚 (N 9)的杀精增效作用。　方法 :按照国际计划生育基金会体外杀精试验改良法 ,测定N 9、茶皂素及其混合液对家兔精子 2 0s、3min的最低杀精浓度。　结果 :混合液中N 9、茶皂素于 2 0s、3min时的最低杀精浓度分别为 (0 .13± 0 .0 5 )、(2 .4 0± 1.0 7)g/L和 (0 .0 5± 0 .0 1)、(1.2 7± 0 .38)g/L ,均明显低于各自于 2 0s、3min时的单独使用剂量 (0 .4 8± 0 .15 )、(5 .78± 1.4 0 )g/L和 (0 .34± 0 .0 8)、(1.71± 0 .18)g/L ,P均 <0 .0 1。　结论 :茶皂素对N 9体外杀精避孕具有增效作用 ,两者有明显的协同作用。     

复方苦参凝胶节育与抗炎的体内实验研究

目的:研究复方苦参凝胶体内节育及抗炎的效果。方法:①节育实验:将60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水组,空白凝胶组,复方苦参凝胶低(0.05 g生药/g)、中(0.10 g生药/g)、高剂量(0.15 g生药/g)组以及阳性对照(4%壬苯醇醚凝胶)组,每组10只。按上述分组雌鼠阴道内给予相应药物各200μl,然后雌雄大鼠按1∶1合笼,进行交配。在交配成功后的第12天剖腹观察雌鼠孕珠数,并计算避孕率;②抗炎实验:采用小鼠耳廓双面均匀涂抹二甲苯的致炎模型,将60只昆明种小鼠随机分为6组,分组同前,计算小鼠单侧耳的肿胀度及肿胀抑制率。结果:复方苦参凝胶高剂量组能显著抑制雌鼠的孕珠数,其孕珠数为0.00±0.00,显著低于生理盐水组(11.00±2.00,P<0.05),而与阳性对照组(0.00±0.00)比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),其避孕率为100%;在小鼠耳廓二甲苯致炎模型中,高剂量组同样能显著抑制其肿胀程度,其平均肿胀程度为10.17±2.56,显著低于生理盐水组(21.32±3.17,P<0.01),而与阳性对照组比较无统计学意义(8.53±1.89,P>0.05),其肿胀抑制率为52.3%。结论:复方苦参凝胶有较好的节育及抗炎作用,值得进一步开发并应用于临床。     

大蒜素口腔护理预防重症病人继发真菌感染的研究

目的研究大蒜素对各种真菌的生长抑制作用及其预防重症病人口腔继发真菌感染的效果。方法分离并鉴定危重病人的口腔真菌 ,测定大蒜素的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)和最小杀菌浓度 (MBC) ;以大蒜素对白色念珠菌的MBC作为给药浓度对 137例病人 (实验组 )进行临床重症病人的口腔护理。并与 119例应用生理盐水者 (对照组 )进行比较。结果大蒜素对多种真菌有抑制或杀灭作用 ,其对白色念珠菌的MIC和MBC分别为 15 μg/ml、6 0 μg/ml。实验组继发真菌感染率显著低于对照组 (χ2 =8.6 9,P <0 .0 1)。结论大蒜素可抑制或杀灭多种真菌 ,临床应用于重症病人的口腔护理可有效降低真菌感染率。     

老年压疮患者聚维酮碘敷料的应用

目的 观察聚维酮碘敷料对老年压疮患者的治疗效果.方法 将60例老年压疮患者按入住顺序分为对照组和观察组各30例.常规清创后对照组使用聚维酮碘软膏外搽,观察组使用自制聚维酮碘敷料贴于创面,外加敷料包扎.结果 观察组痊愈率为90.0%,对照组为70.0%,两组比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);但观察组痊愈时间[(75.8±36.7)d]显著短于对照组(P＜0.05).结论聚维酮碘敷料能缩短压疮治疗时间,适合老年患者迁延性伤口的治疗.     

杀精子剂壬苯醇醚—9的研究现状

杀精子剂 (ｓｐｅｒｍｉｃｉｄｅｓ)是利用药物的理化特性 ,使精子接触后迅速制动、杀灭或使精子失去受精能力的一类阴道内避孕药。自六十年代初以来 ,曾有 10 0多种杀精子剂流行[1] ,其中现今国内外使用和研究最多的一种是以壬苯醇醚 9(Ｎｏｎｏｘｙｎｏｌ 9,Ｎ 9)为主药的杀精子剂。本文综述Ｎ 9用作杀精子剂的研究现状。一、杀精子剂分类与Ｎ 9的剂型杀精子剂按其理化特性可分成五类 :(1)表面活性剂类 ,如Ｎ 9等 ;(2 )巯基 结合剂类 ,如过氧化氢等 ;(3)杀菌剂类 ,如氯化共乙氧铵等 ;(4)电解质类 ,如乳酸、硼酸、酒石酸等 ;(5 )顶体酶抑…     

聚维酮碘联合云南白药治疗迁延性伤口效果观察

目的观察聚维酮碘敷料联合云南白药治疗老年患者迁延性伤口的效果。方法将60例发生压疮导致迁延性伤口的老年患者按时间顺序分为对照组和观察组各30例。两组常规清创后,均使用聚维酮碘敷料贴于疮面,观察组在此基础上,至疮面缩小至1cm×1cm时,用云南白药外敷。结果两组治疗效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治愈时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论聚维酮碘敷料联合云南白药能缩短迁延性伤口治疗时间。     

In vitro bactericidal activities of beta-lactamases, amikacin, and fluoroquinolones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in artificial urine

OBJECTIVES: To compare bactericidal activities of antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by employing an in vitro model of catheter-associated infection because such infections are refractory to antimicrobial treatment. METHODS: Bactericidal activities of piperacillin (PIPC), ceftazidime (CAZ), panipenem (PAPM), amikacin (AMK), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and levofloxacin (LVFX) were examined against a P. aeruginosa biofilm generated on a Teflon catheter in artificial urine. The colony-forming activities of biofilm bacteria were determined for 48 hours during the treatment with each drug at concentrations of 1 up to 128 times the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill curves were constructed by plotting the viable cell counts against time. RESULTS: Although CAZ was more bactericidal to the biofilm bacteria than PIPC, the biofilm bacteria still remained on the catheter during CAZ treatment at a concentration 128 times the MBC for 48 hours. Biofilm bacteria were completely eradicated within 48 hours by treatment with PAPM and AMK at a concentration 64 and 128 times the MBC, respectively. Both CPFX and LVFX eradicated biofilm bacteria completely by 24 hours at a concentration 32 times the MBC. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that fluoroquinolones have the most potent bactericidal activity against the P. aeruginosa biofilm generated in urine.     

环丙沙星对培养的铜绿假单孢菌释放DNA的影响

目的 观察不同浓度的环丙沙星对培养的铜绿假单孢菌释放DNA的影响。方法 选择体外对铜绿假单孢菌1244株(ATCC 27317)敏感的环丙沙星为实验所用的抗生素,检测其最小最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);将不同稀释度(32～0．03mg／L)的环丙沙星与该菌株菌液在37℃培养,分别取其培养4h和24h的上清液经DNA电泳法检测其细菌DNA释放的情况。结果 无论有无环丙沙星,DNA电泳法均未见到培养4h的样本存在细菌释放的游离DNA。体外培养24h,铜绿假单孢菌可自发释放一定量的游离DNA分子,呈两个明显的区带,其分子量分别大于2000bp和小于100bp;远低于MIC的环丙沙星可诱导铜绿假单孢菌释放更多的游离。DNA,分布在3个明显的区带,其中两个区带大于2000bp,另1个区带小于100bp;大于或等于MIC的环丙沙星对铜绿假单孢菌无诱导DNA释放的作用。结论 自然生长情况下铜绿假单孢菌就可自发释放一定量的游离DNA分子;低于：MIC的环丙沙星存在使这一现象更加明显,而且铜绿假单孢菌释放游离DNA分子的多少和分子量大小均有明显的差别。     

Effect of povidone iodine and chlorhexidine on the mortality and bacterial clearance in the abdominal cavity of peritonitis rats.

Peritonitis was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal inoculation of pure Escherichia coli. The mortality rate in the untreated control group was 36% (18/50). Rats in which 2 ml 1% povidone iodine had been injected intraperitoneally 5 min after the bacterial challenge, had a significantly increased mortality rate (43/50, 86%) (p less than 0.01). When the same experiment was done with 2 ml of 0.05% chlorhexidine the mortality rate decreased significantly to 16% (8/50) (p less than 0.05). Povidone iodine did not have any bactericidal effect; on the contrary, the number of colonies of bacteria had increased in all the animals 12 and 24 hours after challenge. Chlorhexidine, on the other hand, had sufficient bactericidal effect to cause a progressive decrease in the concentration of intraperitoneal bacteria.     

Preliminary investigation of effect of pyocyanin on common bacteria in burn wound

Pyocyanin was extracted from culture medium of Ps. aeruginosa by Frank's method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) & minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of pyocyanin for 6 species of bacteria isolated from burn wounds were determined. The results of MIC & MBC: S. aureus 12.5 micrograms/ml, 50 micrograms/ml; E. coli 25 micrograms/ml, 100 micrograms/ml; P. vulgaris 50 micrograms/ml, 200 micrograms/ml; C. freundii 100 micrograms/ml, 400 micrograms/ml; S. epidermidis 12.5 micrograms/ml, 50 micrograms/ml; no inhibitory effect on Ps. aeruginosa. According to the laboratory results and clinical findings, the authors believe that when there is a dominant growth of Ps. aeruginosa in burn wounds there may be pyocyanin production to inhibit or kill other species of bacteria.     

耐庆大霉素铜绿假单胞菌体外传代耐药水平变化

目的检测耐药铜绿假单胞菌体外传代过程中耐药水平是否发生改变。方法将26株耐庆大霉素(GM)铜绿假单胞菌(PA)株按最低抑菌浓度MIC值分为高等水平(20株)及中等水平(6株)耐药组,进行体外传代(30代)培养,并分别对每株PA子1、10、20、30代进行MIC及最低杀菌浓度(MBC)检测。结果通过对高水平耐GM组和中水平耐GM组各子代间MIC及MBC的均值进行多重比较,每组子代间的总体差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05)。结论耐GM铜绿假单胞菌各子代间耐药水平无发生变化。当临床发现耐药水平不同的铜绿假单胞菌,可高度怀疑是来自不同的PA菌株。     

Nasopharyngeal colonization by nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae in children: the effect of serum bactericidal antibody

The effect of serum bactericidal antibody on colonization with NTHI was studied in 26 children. Serum bactericidal antibody did not prevent colonization with NTHI in the nasopharynx. Antibody was detected in 53% before, 91% during, and 100% after documented colonization. The log titer of antibody was significantly higher during (1.18 +/- 0.56), p less than 0.002; and after (1.31 +/- 0.29), p greater than 0.001 compared to before colonization (0.49 +/- 0.51). The roles of secretory IgA and normal nasopharyngeal flora in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria are discussed.     

寒下药物对致病大肠杆菌DNA合成的抑制作用

本实验选用大承气汤、承气合剂及单味大黄对临床腹腔感染患者体内分离出的致病大肠杆菌行体外ＤＮＡ合成抑制试验。结果表明，随着寒下药物浓度增高，大肠杆菌ＤＮＡ合成呈下降趋势，其抑制Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＤＮＡ合成程度几与庆大霉素相同，表明寒下药物抑菌机制是通过抑制细菌的ＤＮＡ合成，从而抑制致病菌的增殖生长。     

Comparison of the effect of three adrenal corticosteroids on human granulocyte function against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The effect of hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone on the phagocytic and bactericidal capabilities of normal human granulocytes (PMN) was studied under previously described optimal conditions for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PA 1348A. At hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone concentrations of 1,000 micrograms/ml, delayed phagocytosis was clearly observed, whereas dexamethasone 400 micrograms/ml had no effect on phagocytosis. The bactericidal effect of PMN on PA 1348A was significantly reduced by all three corticosteroids at highest concentrations (p less than 0.05). However, the effect of methylprednisolone was greatest and that of dexamethasone was least evident, 25% and 10% reduction in PMN bactericidal activity, respectively. Following exposure to the highest concentrations of corticosteroids, TEM observations correlated well with the PMN functional assays. While the observations of PMN and bacteria in controls, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone preparations were similar, evidence for incomplete phagocytosis, lack of vacuole coalescence, minimal disruption of bacterial cell walls, and dividing bacteria in phagosomes were evident in methylprednisolone preparations. These PMN functional and TEM observations suggest that of the three corticosteroids studied, methylprednisolone appears most deleterious to the PMN phagocytic and bactericidal activity.     

Synergism between maggot excretions and antibiotics

Maggots are successfully used to treat severe, infected wounds. This study investigated whether maggot excretions/secretions influence the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined of gentamicin and flucloxacillin for Staphylococcus aureus, of penicillin for Streptococcus pyogenes, of amoxicillin and vancomycin for Enterococcus faecalis, of gentamicin for Enterobacter cloacae, and of gentamicin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa by checkerboard titration. A range of concentrations of antibiotics in combination with excretions/secretions was examined to investigate the potential of maggot excretions/secretions to affect antibacterial activity. The results showed a dose‐dependent increase of the antibacterial effect of gentamicin in the presence of excretions/secretions on S. aureus. Minimal concentrations and MBC of gentamicin decreased, respectively, 64‐ and 32‐fold. The MBC of flucloxacillin and excretions/secretions against S. aureus were also decreased. The other antibiotic and excretions/secretions combinations exerted an indifferent effect. Excretions/secretions alone did not have any antibacterial effect. The synergism between gentamicin and maggot excretions/secretions could be of direct importance in clinical practice, because it could allow the use of lower doses of gentamicin and thus minimize the risk of gentamicin‐related side effects.     

Factors affecting the antibacterial effects of Nd:YAG laser in vivo

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the main advantages of laser surgery is it's bactericidal effect which reduces the risk of postoperative infections. Several study designs have been set to investigate this effect. Aim of this study was to research if the bactericidal effect of laser tool was affected from several factors in vitro studies. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determinate and investigate the bactericidal effect of laser in an original model, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, Bacterioides fragilis, Neisseria, Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were prepared in 10(4), 10(6) and 10(8) inoculum and placed in Mueller-Hinton Broth which have five different proportions of sheep blood. Samples which exposed with various energy levels of Nd:YAG laser were spread on agar plates, and at the end of an incubation time the colonization counted comparatively. The lowest energy level without colonization was accepted as minimal bactericidal energy level. RESULTS: Highest minimum bactericidal energy level is used for alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and lowest values for neisseria. Bactericidal effect decreased on suspensions, of which population of microorganisms are high and hemoglobin concentration was high in the broth. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the Nd:YAG laser has a higher bactericidal effect when sheep blood is added to the media. Factors like population and type of bacteria in the irradiated suspension affect minimum bactericidal energy level.