二级脾蒂离断与自制取脾袋在三孔法腹腔镜脾切除中的应用

目的 总结二级脾蒂离断及自制取脾袋在三孔法腹腔镜脾脏切除中的应用.方法 2007年6月至2009年4月间,对11例病人行完全腹腔镜下三孔法二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂切除脾脏.结果 全组11例手术过程均顺利,术中出血少、创伤小、术后恢复快,无并发症发生,均痊愈出院.结论 在三孔法完全腹腔镜脾切除术中,应用二级脾蒂离断法不仅安全可行,而且节省费用,具有较大的临床推广价值.     

三孔微创二级脾蒂离断法行脾脏切除术的护理配合

目的总结三孔微创二级脾蒂离断法行脾脏切除术的护理配合经验。方法对15例患者在腹腔镜下采用三孔二级脾蒂离断法行脾脏切除术,术前做好访视及心理护理,确保器械设备性能良好;术中密切观察患者病情变化,护士熟悉手术步骤、掌握手术器械的使用,严格执行无菌操作。结果15例患者手术顺利,平均手术时间120.0min,术中平均出血120.0mL。平均住院时间6.5d。无术后出血、门静脉血栓形成、脏器意外损伤、胰漏等并发症,术后恢复良好。结论术前做好充分准备,术中熟悉手术步骤、掌握手术器械的使用,集中精力密切配合是保证手术顺利进行的关键。     

Intraoperative nursing care of patients receiving laparoscopic splenectomy through three hole method and amputation of secondary structures of the spleen pedicel

目的 总结三孔微创二级脾蒂离断法行脾脏切除术的护理配合经验.方法 对15例患者在腹腔镜下采用三孔二级脾蒂离断法行脾脏切除术,术前做好访视及心理护理,确保器械设备性能良好;术中密切观察患者病情变化,护士熟悉手术步骤、掌握手术器械的使用,严格执行无菌操作.结果 15例患者手术顺利,平均手术时间120.0 min,术中平均出血120.0 mL.平均住院时间6.5d.无术后出血、门静脉血栓形成、脏器意外损伤、胰漏等并发症,术后恢复良好.结论 术前做好充分准备,术中熟悉手术步骤、掌握手术器械的使用,集中精力密切配合是保证手术顺利进行的关键.     

腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术的安全性及疗效

背景与目的：目前腹腔镜腹部外科微创技术日益成熟，腹腔镜全脾切除术已在各大医疗中心及基层医院广泛开展。但全脾切除术后导致的血栓形成、免疫功能低下、爆发性感染等并发症的出现使得外科医生进行新的思考，比如腹腔镜下脾脏部分切除术因保存了脾脏部分功能而成为新开展的外科技术。然而，腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术因切除平面难以评估、术中出血难以控制，又是许多外科医师仍不敢轻易尝试的手术方式。笔者就近年来开展的腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术患者资料进行总结，探讨其安全性及疗效。方法：回顾性收集湖南省人民医院2018年1月—2021年7月8例行腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术患者的临床资料。患者术前常规检查诊断为原发性脾脏良性肿瘤或诊断为脾脏外伤（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级），经讨论后认为有手术指征和条件。术中采用二级脾蒂分离技术行腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术。结果：8例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术，脾上极切除2例，脾下极切除6例。手术时间150～350 min，平均（227.5±70.0） min；术中出血量200 (50～1 000) m L。术后腹腔引流管引流量为5～120 mL，平均为（84.4±24.1） m L，引流管均于3～5 d拔除。术后...     

保留脾脏功能术式在脾良性占位疾病应用

背景与目的：脾脏是人体重要免疫器官,全脾切除术可导致机体免疫功能下降、血栓等风险。保留脾脏功能的术式在脾良性疾病治疗中逐渐被认同,然而开展此类术式有一定的难度。本文旨在探讨不同手术方式在脾良性占位治疗中的应用。 方法：回顾性分析2013年6月—2019年6月手术治疗17例脾良性占位患者的临床资料。 结果：行开腹脾部分切除术7例,行腹腔镜脾囊肿开窗引流术4例,行腹腔镜脾部分切除术4例,行腹腔镜脾大部分切除术2例;均为腹腔镜下手术,无中转开腹。手术时间：开腹脾部分切除术平均135 min,腹腔镜脾囊肿开窗术平均42 min,腹腔镜脾部分切除术平均128 min,腹腔镜脾大部分切除术平均156 min。术后病理：脾假性囊肿5例,良性囊肿3例,表皮样囊肿2例,脾血管瘤5例,脾淋巴管瘤1例,脾错构瘤1例。术中出血量：开腹脾部分切除术平均416 mL,脾囊肿开窗术平均10 mL,脾部分切除术平均395 mL,脾大部分切除术280 mL。术后血小板变化：脾部分切除术血小板术后平均2周恢复正常,脾大部分切除术后血小板平均3周恢复正常,术后均未使用抗血小板聚集药物。17例随访6~78个月,中位时间35个月,无复发及远期并发症。 结论：脾良性占位的外科治疗首选腹腔镜下保留脾脏功能的手术,二级血管离断联合脾蒂阻断是脾部分切除术中一种新的阻断方法,可在腹腔镜脾部分切除术中选择性使用。     

腹腔镜下脾切除67例体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜下脾切除术的可行性和安全性。方法 回顾分析了2006年5月至2009年3月复旦大学附属中山医院普外科完成的67例腹腔镜下脾切除术临床资料,其中血液病26例,肝硬化、门静脉高压和脾亢25例,脾占位性病变16例。其中11例合并胆囊结石。 结果 67例病人平均脾脏切除时间2.2h,术中平均出血量83.9mL,术后平均住院时间6.4d。1例术后出血,8例术后引流液淀粉酶增高,其余病人无腹腔镜手术相关的术后并发症,无手术死亡。11例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。13例巨脾病人行全腔镜下脾切除术。30例中转手助腹腔镜脾切除术,原因为：巨脾、肥胖、脾胰韧带极短、出血、粘连。1例门静脉高压病人中转开腹。结论 腹腔镜下脾切除术是安全可行的,适用于各种脾脏疾病。     

腹腔镜下脾部分切除术治疗脾脏良性病变7例

目的 探讨腹腔镜下脾部分切除术治疗脾脏良性病变的安全性和可行性。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月期间，金华市中心医院对7例术前诊断为脾脏良性病变的患者实施腹腔镜下脾部分切除术的临床资料。结果 7 例患者脾脏病灶直径为6～15 cm，平均直径9.1 cm；4例位于脾脏上极，3例位于脾脏下极。7例患者均完成腹腔镜脾部分切除术，无中转开腹及围手术期死亡。手术时间为100～205 min，平均（165±17）min。术中出血量为70～230 mL，平均（148±56）mL。术后拔除腹腔引流管时间2～5 d；术后住院时间5～7 d。术后无腹腔大出血、消化瘘、腹腔感染等并发症。结论 腹腔镜下脾部分切除术治疗脾脏良性病变是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术10例疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术的安全性及可行性。方法 2019年3月至2022年7月宁波市鄞州区第二医院共开展10例腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术，其中慢性乙型肝炎后肝硬化、门静脉高压症脾功能亢进5例，脾梗死伴脓肿形成1例，毛细胞白血病1例，脾血管瘤2例，脾恶性肿瘤1例。回顾性分析腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术的手术效果及术后并发症情况。结果 本组10例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术，无中转开腹病例。手术时间130～310 min（中位数190 min），术中出血量50～400 mL（中位数100 mL），术后住院时间5～28 d（中位数8 d）；术中无并发症发生。腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术后发生并发症2例，1例脾脏切除后出现乳糜漏，1例脾脏切除+门奇断流术后出现门静脉血栓，均经保守治疗痊愈。术后均无胰漏发生。结论 本组研究结果表明，腹腔镜胰后入路脾脏切除术是安全可行的。     

手助的腹腔镜脾切除术

目的 探讨手助的腹腔镜脾切除术手术技术。方法用手助技术完成5例腹腔镜脾切除术，其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜3例，血吸虫性肝硬化、脾肿大及脾功能亢进伴胆囊结石2例。3例行手助的腹腔镜脾切除术，2例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 手助腹腔镜巨脾切除。结果 2～5h完成手术，术中出血少。病人术后恢复顺利。结论 手助腹腔镜脾切除术操作安全、手术时间缩短，并使腹腔镜切除较大脾脏成为可能。     

腹腔镜下脾门血管精细解剖+超声刀钳夹法 在脾部分切除术中的应用

目的:探讨脾门血管精细解剖+超声刀钳夹法应用于腹腔镜脾脏部分切除术中的可行性与安全性。方法:2013年3月至2016年12月为17例患者行腹腔镜脾部分切除术,包括外伤性脾破裂11例,脾脏良性肿瘤6例(脾脏错构瘤2例,脾脏血管瘤1例,脾脏淋巴管瘤1例,脾囊肿1例,脾脏炎性肉芽肿1例)。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症等。结果:16例患者顺利完成手术,1例改为腹腔镜脾切除术,手术时间平均(85.2±45.3)min;术中出血量平均(285.5±67.0)mL;术后引流2～5 d,平均(3.0±1.2)d,引流量10～290 mL,平均(50.7±36.4)mL。术后均无活动性出血、腹腔感染、切口感染等并发症发生。术后1周行增强CT,见保留血管支通畅,脾周少量积液,脾脏边缘少部分缺血坏死,无脾脓肿、脾周脓肿形成,所保留的脾脏与术前相比有血供的区域大于30%。术后随访22个月,残余脾脏血供良好,白细胞、血小板计数正常。结论:腹腔镜脾部分切除术中应用脾门血管精细解剖+超声刀钳夹法安全、可行。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy in children: experience in a single institution

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic splenectomy in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital records of 63 patients who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy between 1998 and 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. In 16 patients concomitant cholecystectomy was performed. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. The indications for splenectomy were hereditary spherocytosis (n = 35), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (n = 22), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (n = 3), and other diseases (n = 3). Details of operative technique were reviewed and their implications on intraoperative complications are analyzed. The postoperative course and long-term results were assessed. RESULTS: There were 35 girls and 28 boys, whose average age was 11.3 years (range, 3.9-19.5 years). There were 7 conversions, mainly at the beginning of the series. A mild degree of intraoperative bleeding was observed in 23 (36.5%) cases. In two cases (3%) severe bleeding led to conversion. Postoperatively, 1 patient required blood transfusion and 1 patient had signs of mild general infection that was treated conservatively. There was no mortality in this series. The mean operation time was 134 minutes for splenectomy and 174 minutes for splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Operative time did not significantly diminish at the end of the 7-year study period. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic splenectomy in children performed by an experienced team proved to be safe and effective with minimal side effects and should be recommended as a procedure of choice in children who require splenectomy.     

改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术手术经验

目的 探讨改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床价值。方法 回顾性分析我院2012年2月至2012年12月施行的34例改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术患者的临床资料。结果 32例手术获成功,其中6例患者合并胆囊结石,术中加行胆囊切除术,应用旋切器进行旋切取脾。2例因术中出血中转开腹。术后无出血,平均手术时间（232±59）min,平均术中出血量（203±180）mL,平均术后住院时间（10.5±2.2）d。结论 改良的完全腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,无需扩大腹壁切口,具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快的特点。丰富的经验与娴熟的手术操作技术是该类手术成功的关键。     

完全腹腔镜脾切除贲门周围血管离断术121例临床研究

目的探讨全腹腔镜下脾切除贲门周围血管离断术(LSPD)治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症(PH)的可行性、有效性和安全性。 方法回顾分析2014年1月至2017年12月完成的LSPD 121例临床资料。 结果115例顺利完成,6例中转开腹(5.2%),手术时间95～325 min,平均162 min;术中出血100～1 600 ml,平均285 ml;术后住院时间6～20 d,平均8.6 d。术后腹腔出血3例,2例出血量较大再次开腹手术止血,1例经保守治疗出血控制。术后轻度腹水9例,胸腔积液7例,胰腺假性囊肿1例,肺部感染2例,无围手术期死亡。术后随访3～50个月,门静脉系血栓形成13例(11.3%),反复腹水4例(3.5%)。消化道再出血4例(3.5%),1例经胃镜下止血治愈,1例行TIPS出血停止,另2例失血性休克抢救无效死亡。1例术后2年肝功能衰竭死亡。其余患者均生存。 结论LSPD是一种安全、有效的治疗治疗肝硬化PH的微创手术方法。     

腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除的手术技巧和风险评估（附九例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除的手术技巧及手术风险评估。方法回顾性分析2011年6月至2011年10月实施腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除手术9例的临床资料。结果本组成功施行全腹腔镜下手术6例,因出血中转开腹手术3例,手术中转率33．3％。无手术并发症发生,无死亡病例。结论腹腔镜下门静脉高压症巨脾切除病人术前要根据影像学检查进行评估,严格把握腹腔镜手术适应证,脾蒂的处理是全腹腔镜下手术成功的关键,术中大出血是腔镜手术失败中转开腹的主要原因。术中谨慎、耐心的操作,果断的判断中转手术时机对于确保病人安全最为重要。尽管风险很大,只要掌握好关键技术,腹腔镜下门静脉高压症脾切除还是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜门静脉高压症贲门周围血管离断术的风险评估

目的 探讨腹腔镜在外科治疗门静脉高压症手术风险及手术技巧.方法 自 2011 年 6 月以来,46 例诊断为肝炎肝硬变、门静脉高压症、食管胃底静脉曲张,肝功能分级 Child A 级 32 例,B 级 14 例.术前胃镜检查了解食管胃底静脉曲张;门静脉彩超,了解门静脉有无血栓;上腹部 CT 增强扫描,了解脾脏大小,脾动、静脉走行,二级脾蒂分叉部位,脾门以及胃底、贲门周围曲张静脉分布情况.采用 4 孔法,取脐上 10 mm 戳孔为腹腔镜观察孔,左锁骨中线约与脐平线 12 mm 戳孔,为主操作孔;剑突左侧肋缘下 2 cm 处 5 mm 戳孔、左腋前线约与脐平线 12 mm 戳孔为辅操作孔,术者、一助均位于患者右侧.LS 技术操作我们采用前入路与侧入路结合方法,离断脾动脉、胃短血管时用前入路,游离脾肾、脾膈韧带,离断脾蒂时运用侧入路;贲门周围血管离断采用前入路.结果 全腹腔镜成功实施 38 例肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术,7 例术中出现不可控出血中转,1 例慢性胰腺炎术中无法分离出脾动脉中转.手术时间 142 ～ 218 min,平均（ 167 ± 44 ） min,术中出血80 ～ 280 ml,平均（ 113 ± 76 ） ml.采用预先结扎脾动脉,Endo Cut 闭合切割一级脾蒂或二级脾蒂,无出血、胰漏并发症,无死亡病例.术后第 2 天拔除胃管,第 3 天拔除腹腔引流管,术后 7 ～ 12 d 出院.结论 通过上腹部 CT,谨慎进行贲门周围血管离断术手术风险评估,正确的操作步骤,准确的分离层面,娴熟的腹腔镜下分离技巧,处理脾蒂血管动作精细,预防出血,保持视野清晰,尽管风险很大,腹腔镜手术治疗门静脉高压症还是安全、可行的.     

“N”字法腹腔镜脾脏切除术的临床价值研究

目的探讨"N"字法腹腔镜脾脏切除术的治疗效果,评价"N"字法手术流程的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017-10—2019-10间河南中医药大学第一附属医院普通外科行"N"字法腹腔镜脾脏切除术的52例患者的临床资料。结果 52例患者均按"N"字法顺利完成腹腔镜脾脏切除术。手术时间(93.6±15.6)min,术中出血量(108.7±58.1)mL。未发生胃瘘、肠瘘、胃瘫、肾挫伤、胸膜损伤、腹腔血肿等并发症及死亡病例。结论 "N"字法腹腔镜脾脏切除术,手术时间短、术中出血量小、术后并发症少,是较为理想的一种手术方式。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy reduces the need for platelet transfusion in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopic splenectomy has been increasingly used in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Because it is associated with minimal abdominal trauma, platelet consumption could be reduced with the laparoscopic approach. The aim of this study was to analyze intraoperative bleeding and the need for apheresis platelets, comparing laparoscopic with open splenectomy. METHODS: Records of 40 patients who underwent splenectomy (20 through laparoscopy and 20 through open surgery) for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were retrospectively reviewed. Intraoperative bleeding and need of perioperative apheresis platelets were evaluated in both groups. Statistical evaluation was conducted using the Mann-Whitney rank test, and differences were considered significant at P<0.01. RESULTS: The mean amount of intraoperative bleeding was less in the laparoscopic group (P<0.01). Apheresis platelets were necessary in all patients in the open group (2 units transfused in 55% and 1 unit in 45% of cases) and only in 30% of cases in the laparoscopic group (1 unit transfused in each case). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe procedure also in patients at high risk for bleeding diathesis. In idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, laparoscopic splenectomy should be the gold-standard surgical treatment. Need of platelet transfusion is probably reduced when laparoscopic splenectomy is compared with open surgery in these patients.     

Experience with laparoscopic splenectomy

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) often is adopted to treat children affected by hematologic diseases. Many of the pitfalls of LS are related to the 2 steps-dissection and extraction. Although various methods have been adopted, the conversion rate still is too high during the learning curve period. The authors analyse their experience in 54 laparoscopic splenectomies performed by their teams in 3 European countries. METHODS: From 1995 to 1999, 54 children underwent laparoscopic splenectomy, 4 of whom also underwent a concomitant cholecystectomy. There were 29 girls and 25 boys with ages ranging between 4 and 19 years (median, 8.1 years). All patients underwent an elective laparoscopic splenectomy: Thirty children had hereditary spherocytosis, 13 had an idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 10 were affected by a beta thalassemia, and 1 child had sickle cell disease. RESULTS: Mean operating time was 140 minutes (range, 100 to 250 minutes). Hospital stay ranged from 2 to 6 days (median, 3 days). In 7 patients the spleen was removed through a 7-cm minilaparotomy; in another 46 cases the spleen was captured into an extraction bag, fragmented, and then removed through the umbilical or left orifice. There was one conversion to open surgery because of a camera failure during the operation. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our experience we believe that the operating time of LS is still too long compared with open surgery, and the extraction phase still not simple enough. A perfect control of hemostasis is fundamental because severe complications can arise from even a slight bleeding episode. It also is very important to search for and remove any accessory spleens. In our series this occurred in 7 patients, one of whom had 3 accessory spleens. The laparoscopic approach is today a good alternative to open splenectomy.     

Simple method of laparoscopic splenectomy

Background  Although laparoscopic splenectomy was introduced in 1991, it has not become a standard procedure for splenectomy like laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone disease. The reasons for this may include difficulty in grasping the spleen and difficulty with controlling hemorrhage. Here we present a simple method of laparoscopic splenectomy. Methods  We performed laparoscopic splenectomy in 46 patients from 1994 to 2006. Our procedure had four main features: (1) adoption of a lateral position so that gravity assists with the spleen, (2) exposure of the operative field using two cherry dissectors, (3) only dividing the upper part of the gastrosplenic ligament, and (4) stapling the splenic hilus together with the lower part of the gastrosplenic ligament. Results  Among 46 patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy, none of them were converted to open splenectomy. Three patients had postoperative intraperitoneal bleeding from the stapled stump of the splenic artery. In 28 patients during the most recent 3 years, the mean operating time was 71 min and only one patient had postoperative bleeding (hemostasis was achieved laparoscopically). Conclusion  Exposure of the operating field using cherry dissector and stapling of the splenic hilus together with the lower part of the gastrosplenic ligament are key points of our method of laparoscopic splenectomy.     

腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术在门静脉高压症中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的手术方法、临床效果及应用价值。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2012年7月期间,笔者所在医院科室施行的腹腔镜下脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症23例患者的临床资料。结果 23例患者中,有2例中转开腹,21例顺利完成腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。手术时间230～380 min,平均290 min;术中失血量300～1 500 mL,平均620 mL;术后禁食1～3 d,平均2 d;术后住院时间8～14 d,平均10 d。结论腹腔镜脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术安全可行,对机体创伤小,术后并发症少,疗效确切。