超声心动图评价心脏瓣膜钙化与外周动脉钙化的关系

心血管系统钙化主要包括心脏瓣膜钙化及动脉钙化。心脏瓣膜钙化是一种随年龄增加的以瓣膜内大量钙质沉积为特征的心脏瓣膜病变,常见于老年人。主要累及主动脉瓣、二尖瓣及其瓣环,主要表现为瓣膜钙化和增厚,可引起瓣膜功能障碍。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的　探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法　对 94例老年患者进行了冠状动脉造影和颈动脉超声检查。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块积分采用Sutton法。结果　单支组及多支组内膜中膜厚度、斑块积分显著高于正常组 ,多支组显著高于单支组 (P<0 .0 5 )。斑块指数与年龄、吸烟、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值、收缩压以及高血压病程的程度呈正相关。结论　颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的病变是平行的     

老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病临床分析

目的探讨老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病（CVHD）患者的临床特点。方法230例60岁以上经超声心动图诊断CVHD患者,回顾性分析了临床表现、超声心动图和其他辅助检查资料。结果CVHD常伴发高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病等疾病。受累瓣膜以主动脉瓣最常见,二尖瓣次之。无冠瓣钙化多于左、右冠瓣,瓣膜反流多于狭窄,二尖瓣钙化女性多于男性。常见心脏功能受损为左心舒张功减低（82.3%）、左房增大（37.1%）和左室增大（18.5%）。心律失常主要为期前收缩（41.7%）、心房颤动（20.4%）、房室传导阻滞（16.1%）。胸部X线检查71.7%有主动脉弓钙化;生化检查62.6%有血脂异常。结论CVHD临床表现和实验室检查具有一定特点,而主动脉弓钙化有助于诊断,但确诊仍需借助超声心动图。     

冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

对１０３例经选择性冠状动脉造影的患者作颈动脉超声检查，用Ｇｅｎｓｉｎｉ方法计算冠状动脉造影积分，用Ｃｒｏｕｓｅ方法计算颈动脉斑块积分，分析颈动脉斑块积分与冠状动脉病变支数、冠状动脉造影积分之间的关系。结果表明，颈动脉粥样硬化（ＣＡＳ）程度与冠状动脉粥样硬化（ＣＡＡＳ）程度有明显的正相关关系。颈动脉斑块积分与冠状动脉病变支数之间ｒ＝０．６０，Ｐ＜０．００１；冠状动脉病变支数越多，ＣＡＳ的程度也越重，不同冠状动脉病变组之间颈动脉斑块积分及冠状动脉造影积分均有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

系统性红斑狼疮的心脏瓣膜病变

目的　探讨心脏瓣膜病变与系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)病人的其他临床特征和某些并发症之间的联系。方法　 10 4例SLE病人行超声心动图 (UCG)检查和有关狼疮的临床和实验室评价 ,UCG检查结果与 80名健康体检人员UCG检查结果进行对比。SLE病人和健康体检者随访约 4年。结果　SLE病人在初次和随访UCG中 ,瓣膜病变常见 ,发生率分别为 38%和 36 %。其中瓣膜增厚发生率最高 ,其次为瓣膜反流和赘生物。随访中瓣膜病变经常发生变化。瓣膜病变的存在与否与SLE病人的病程、狼疮活动、病情严重程度以及治疗方案无关。随访中有瓣膜病变的SLE病人的并发症(包括中风、外周栓塞、充血性心力衰竭、感染性心内膜炎和死亡 )发生率为 2 8% ,而无瓣膜病变者仅为 11%。结论　SLE病人瓣膜病变多见、易变 ,瓣膜病变的发生与病人的并发症发生率有关 ,而与病人的上述临床特征无关     

经胸与经食管超声心动图对心脏人工瓣膜的对比研究

４７例心脏人工机械瓣膜置换术后的病人，经胸超声心动图（ＴＴＥ）和经食管超声心动图（ＴＥＥ）对比研究显示，低估二尖瓣置换后人工瓣膜返流程度的分级和返流的发生率；主动脉瓣和二尖瓣置换的病人，ＴＴＥ探查人工二尖瓣返流的效果硬差。ＴＥＥ能较容易地探查人工二尖瓣瓣周漏。揭示对人工二尖瓣的评价，ＴＥＥ比ＴＴＥ能提供更多更可靠的信息，毫无疑问这是由于ＴＴＥ检查时人工瓣膜材料的声衰减和血流掩盖的影响，但我们的经验揭示，在评价主动脉瓣置换人工瓣膜时，ＴＥＥ并不优于ＴＴＥ。     

主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 探讨珠海地区汉族人群主动脉瓣钙化（AVC）与冠心病的相关性.方法 回顾性研究心内科住院患者1140例.所有患者均同期行超声心动图和冠状动脉造影检查,分析AVC与冠心病的相关性.结果 冠心病组中检出AVC的比率明显高于非冠心病组（32.3％比13.8％,P＜0.01）.冠心病组AVC患者冠脉受累严重程度高于无AVC患者.多因素分析显示,AVC、年龄、性别、高脂血症和糖尿病为全组冠心病的独立预测因子（P＜0.05）.结论 AVC与冠心病之间存在显著的相关性,对预测冠心病有一定参考价值.     

汕头地区人群颈动脉粥样硬化与高血压的关系

目的探讨汕头地区人群颈动脉粥样硬化程度与高血压之间的关系。方法用彩色多普勒对高血压患者290例与健康者110名行颈动脉检测。结果高血压组颈动脉内膜-中层厚度随高血压程度加重而增厚(P<0．01),颈动脉血管内径随高血压病情加重而扩大(P<0．01);高血压组收缩期峰值血流速度、舒张末期血流速度降低,阻力指数、搏动指数明显增高(P<0．05或P<0．01)。结论颈动脉超声早期检测高血压患者动脉粥样硬化有助于预防并发症和指导治疗。     

老年主动脉瓣膜钙化患者与冠心病关系的探讨

目的通过超声心动图及冠状动脉造影的检查,探讨老年主动脉瓣膜钙化患者与冠心病的关系。方法选择我院拟诊为冠心病的老年住院患者(年龄≥60岁)308例,均经过超声心动图及冠状动脉造影术检查。根据超声心动图对主动脉瓣膜钙化情况的检查,将其分成主动脉瓣膜钙化组(166例)及主动脉瓣膜无钙化组(142例)。结果主动脉瓣膜钙化组与主动脉瓣膜无钙化组在年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);血脂指标:主动脉瓣膜钙化组与主动脉瓣膜无钙化组比较,TG、TC、HDL-C及LDL-C有统计学差异(P<0.05);冠状动脉造影检查:主动脉瓣膜钙化组与主动脉瓣膜无钙化组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论老年主动脉瓣膜钙化患者与冠心病有一定的相关性,通过对老年主动脉瓣膜钙化患者行心脏超声心动图的无创检查,结合病史及实验室检查,对高危患者有一定的筛查作用。     

二尖瓣环钙化和冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度的关系

目的探讨二尖瓣环钙化(mitral annulus calcification,MAC)与冠状动脉粥样硬化严重程度的关系。方法纳入计划行冠状动脉造影的并发MAC的患者(n=112)及无MAC的患者(n=64)。Gensini评分评估两组冠状动脉严重程度,并分析冠状动脉严重程度与MAC的关系。结果 MAC组的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者检出率高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(54.5%vs. 48.4%,P=0.441)。MAC组的Gensini评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义[(24.35±11.90)分vs.(21.20±8.81)分,P=0.047]。按MAC严重程度分组后,各组冠心病患者检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而重度MAC组的Gensini评分与对照组、轻度MAC组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.012,P=0.031)。Spearman相关分析结果提示,MAC与Gensini评分呈现中度相关(r=0.512,P0.01)。结论 MAC的严重程度与冠状动脉病变严重程度有相关性,能够提供一定的预测价值。     

风心病患者瓣膜置换术前颈动脉超声检查的临床意义

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与冠状动脉粥样硬化的相关性以及颈动脉内膜—中膜厚度(IMT)对风心病患者是否合并冠心病的预测价值。方法117例风心病患者根据冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组和对照组,用B超检测颈动脉病变情况。结果颈动脉IMT增厚和斑块检出率对冠心病预测的敏感性为81.82%(9/11),特异性为75.47%(80/106),阳性预测值为25.71%(9/35),阴性预测值为97.56%(80/82)。IMT异常与冠状动脉硬化程度积分呈显著正相关(r=0.55,P<0.01)。结论B超检测颈动脉粥样硬化对风心病患者是否合并冠心病具有预测价值。     

The relation between mitral annular calcification and mortality in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography

To determine whether the observed association between mitral annular calcification (MAC) and mortality is independent of the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), we analyzed data from 134 male veterans (age 63 +/- 10 years) followed for 5 years who had undergone diagnostic coronary angiography and transthoracic echocardiography within 6 months of each other. Echocardiograms were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of MAC. The relation of MAC to all-cause mortality was analyzed using logistic regression, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated. MAC was present in 49 (37%) subjects. Over the 5-year follow-up period, 38 (28%) patients expired. Five-year survival was 80% for subjects without MAC and 56% for subjects with MAC (P = 0.003). MAC (OR = 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.43-6.96, P = 0.003), ejection fraction (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59-0.97, P = 0.02), and left main CAD (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.11-6.57, P = 0.02) were significantly associated with mortality in univariate analysis. After adjusting for left ventricular ejection fraction, number of obstructed coronary arteries and the presence of left main coronary artery stenosis, MAC significantly predicted death (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.09-5.68, P = 0.03). Similarly, after adjusting for predictors of MAC, including ejection fraction, age, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure, MAC remained a significant predictor of death (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.02-5.58, P = 0.04). MAC also predicted death independent of smoking status, hypertension, serum creatinine, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein levels (OR = 3.98, 95% CI = 1.68-9.40, P = 0.001). MAC detected by two-dimensional echocardiography independently predicts mortality and may provide an easy-to-perform and inexpensive way to improve risk stratification.     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.     

冠状动脉粥样硬化合并心脏瓣膜病临床治疗观察

【】目的探讨心脏瓣膜病患者合并有冠状动脉粥样硬化的患者,在行瓣膜置换的同时行冠状动脉搭桥,并对手术方法及临床治疗效果等临床资料进行总结分析.     

同型半胱氨酸与冠状动脉钙化的相关性

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸与冠状动脉钙化的关系。方法329例接受冠状动脉CT血管成像检查的患者,根据冠状动脉CT血管成像结果及病变程度计算冠状动脉钙化积分并分组,测定同型半胱氨酸,分析同型半胱氨酸和冠状动脉钙化的关系。采用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行统计学分析,根据数据类型,分别采用t检验、方差分析、LSD检验、χ2检验对数据进行分析。结果冠状动脉钙化组的同型半胱氨酸水平高于无钙化组(P<0.05)。钙化组单支(n=53)、双支(n=63)及多支冠状动脉病变支数患者(n=58)同型半胱氨酸水平分别为(13.26±4.93)、(13.56±4.50)、(14.49±4.16)μmol/L,各组相比,差异无统计学意义(F=1.915,P=0.151)。不同冠状动脉钙化积分患者的同型半胱氨酸水平随冠状动脉钙化积分增加而升高,1~99分组、100~399分组、≥400分组分别为(12.94±4.64)、(14.29±4.50)、(14.29±4.50)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(F=3.581,P=0.030)。冠状动脉钙化的发生与同型半胱氨酸有相关性(r=0.230,95%CI 0.150~0.349;P<0.001)。结论同型半胱氨酸水平与冠状动脉钙化发生及冠状动脉钙化程度有关,提示血浆同型半胱氨酸水平可能是冠状动脉钙化的生物标志物。     

Aortic calcification is associated with coronary artery calcification and is a potential surrogate marker for ischemic heart disease risk: A cross-sectional study

Coronary artery calcification, an established marker of atherosclerotic plaque burden associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease, is routinely evaluated using electron beam computerized tomography or multidetector computed tomography (CT). However, aortic calcification, which is also a risk factor for adverse cardiac events, is not frequently assessed, despite being easily detected via standard chest radiography. We therefore sought to clarify the association between aortic calcification and significant coronary artery calcification to determine the feasibility of performing chest radiography to evaluate the risk of future cardiovascular events.Data from 682 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac CT scanning at our institution from May to September 2012 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Electrocardiographic-gated CT was used to qualitatively evaluate calcification in 6 aortic segments. Cardiac contrast-ehnanced CT was performed to identify significant calcification of the coronary artery. Calcification was quantified by calculating the Agatston score, and the relationship between significant coronary artery calcification and calcification at each aortic site was evaluated.Among the aortic sites, calcification was most commonly observed in the aortic arch (77.4% of patients). Significant coronary artery calcification was observed in 267 patients (39.1%). Calcification in the ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta, abdominal aorta, and aortic valve were significantly associated with the presence of coronary artery calcification after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and statin use (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] 4.21 [2.55, 6.93], 1.65 [1.01, 2.69], 2.14 [1.36, 3.36], 2.87 [1.83, 4.50], and 3.32 [2.02, 5.46], respectively). Mitral valve calcification was weakly but nonsignificantly associated with coronary artery calcification (odds ratio 1.84 [95% confidence interval 0.94, 3.62]). Calcification of each aortic segment assessed was significantly associated with Agatston score ≥ 100.Aortic calcification was associated with coronary artery calcification. Calcification of the aortic arch, which can be readily detected by routine chest radiography, may be associated with coronary artery calcification and its assessment should therefore be considered to identify patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.     

颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病发生的相关性

目的：探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与冠心病发生的相关性。方法：应用彩色多普勒超声技术检测了90例冠心病患的颈动脉,其中20例进行了冠状动脉造影检查。结果：（1）各组冠心病患颈动脉管壁内－中膜厚度,斑块指数均显增高,其中心肌梗死患伴有明显的血流参数异常;（2）20例患冠状动脉造影与颈动脉超声检查符合率为75％而且冠状动脉病变越重,颈动脉硬化发生率越高。结论：颈动脉粥样硬化程度可间接反映冠状动脉病变程度。