糖尿病合并冠心病冠脉介入后造影剂肾病相关因素的研究

目的研究糖尿病合并冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)治疗后发生造影剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素。方法在广东省人民医院选取2008年11月至2009年12月糖尿病合并冠心病患者行PCI患者383例。根据术后血清肌酐变化情况分为两组,即造影剂肾病组(CIN组)60例,非造影剂肾病组(非CIN组)323例,回顾性调查分析两组患者的临床资料,应用Logistic回归分析发生造影剂肾病的危险因素。结果 383例患有糖尿病合并冠心病并行PCI术患者中,术后有60例发生CIN,CIN的发生率为15.67%;应用Logistic回归分析发现术后发生CIN的危险因素为肾功能不全(P<0.01,OR=6.033)、手术前后使用速尿(P<0.01,OR=4.443)和高血压(P=0.001,OR=3.693)。结论肾功能不全,手术前后使用速尿和高血压是糖尿病合并冠心病患者PCI治疗后发生造影剂肾病的危险因素。在进行PCI治疗前后应进行充分的水化治疗并且做好预防护理措施。     

2009~2018年北京地区经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后患者住院死亡率变化趋势和死亡影响因素的分析

目的:分析北京地区2009~2018年经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后住院死亡率的变化趋势,并评估影响PCI后住院死亡率的医院相关因素。方法:本研究采用2009年1月至2018年12月北京心血管介入质量控制与改进中心的数据库,将纳入研究的56家医院根据最新的中国医疗等级评定分为三甲医院和非三甲医院,分别比较2009~2018年总体PCI后住院死亡率,急诊PCI后住院死亡率和择期PCI后住院死亡率的变化趋势。使用Logistic模型分析PCI后患者住院期间死亡的医院相关因素。结果:10年间北京地区整体PCI后住院死亡率未见明显改变,其中三甲医院的择期PCI后住院死亡率呈明显降低趋势(P<0.01)。多因素分析发现,护士人数(OR=0.923,95%CI:0.886~0.956,P=0.034)、冠心病专用导管室间数(OR=0.947,95%CI:0.863~0.992,P=0.021)和心内科排名(OR=0.552,95%CI:0.397~0.874,P=0.047)与整体PCI后住院死亡风险降低相关,进一步分析发现,冠心病专用导管室间数(OR=0.845,95%CI:0.767~0.916,P=0.012)与三甲医院PCI后住院死亡风险降低相关,而具备高级职称介入医师人数(OR=0.082,95%CI:0.031~0.523,P=0.032)和主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)数目(OR=0.471,95%CI:0.034~0.891,P=0.021)与非三甲医院住院死亡风险降低相关。结论:2009~2018年间,北京地区整体PCI后住院死亡率未见明显改变,但三甲医院的择期PCI后住院死亡率呈明显降低趋势。非三甲医院应当增加高级职称医师的培训和IABP的配备。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者血浆N末端脑钠肽前体的影响及其临床意义

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血浆N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平的影响,尝试拟定最佳检测时间截点来指导临床预后评估。方法选择2011年3月—2012年3月我院心脏中心收治的行PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者89例,根据干预方式分为急诊PCI组(n=50)和择期PCI组(n=39),分别记录术前、术后24~36 h、术后37~48 h的NT-proBNP床旁检测值和随访6个月时左室射血分数(LVEF)值。因NT-proBNP不符合正态分布,经自然对数(ln)处理后,采用重复测量方差分析和相关性检验。结果急诊PCI组患者NT-proBNP在术后24~36 h达到最高值,之后逐渐下降(P0.001);择期PCI组3个时间段NT-proBNP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.19,P=0.31)。虽然PCI治疗过程中NT-proBNP的变化有所不同,但不同的干预方案对NT-proBNP的总体影响,差异无统计学意义(F=0.09,P=0.77)。术后24~36 h急诊PCI组的NT-proBNP水平高于择期PCI组(P0.001)。急诊PCI组6个月时LVEF值与术后37~48 h的NT-proBNP呈负相关(r=-0.8,P0.001),而择期PCI组LVEF与3个时间段的NT-proBNP值呈负相关(r=-0.9,P0.001)。结论急诊PCI患者术后37~48 h内的NT-proBNP水平可以较准确地评估患者的预后心功能,择期PCI患者入院时的NT-proBNP水平可很好地评估预后。     

基础血肌酐正常的急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后肾功能减退的临床特点

目的 探讨基础血肌酐正常的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后肾功能减退的临床特点. 方法 根据直接PCI术后是否发生肾功能减退,将216例术前血肌酐正常(＜132.6 μmoL/L)的AMI患者分为肾功能减退组(32例)和非肾功能减退组(184例).比较两组的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,确定肾功能减退的发生率、预测因素及其对治疗和住院期间预后的影响.肾功能减退定义为术后72 h内血肌酐较术前升高≥25%. 结果 直接PCI术后肾功能减退的发生率为14.8%(32/216).肾功能减退组的年龄＞75岁(28.1%比14.1%,P=0.047)、并发心力衰竭(25.0%比9.2%,P=0.017)的患者比例显著高于非肾功能减退组;而低分子肝素(84.4%比95.1%,P=0.039)、β-受体阻滞剂(75.0%比95.6%,P=0.001)、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(81.3%比93.5%,P=0.025)、他汀类药物(84.4%比97.3%,P=0.008)的使用率显著低于非肾功能减退组.肾功能减退组住院期间的死亡率显著高于非肾功能减退组(25.0%比2.2%,P＜0.001).多因素分析显示,并发心力衰竭是发生肾功能减退的惟一独立预测因素[比值比(OR)=3.275,95%可信区间1.275～8.408,P=0.014];而肾功能减退是住院期间死亡最强的独立预测因素(OR=10.313,95%可信区间2.569～41.402,P=0.001). 结论 基础血肌酐正常的AMI患者直接PCI术后也易发生肾功能减退.发生肾功能减退者多为AMI的高危患者,治疗不充分,住院期间预后差.     

贫血对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗远期预后的影响

目的 了解贫血对接受经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)冠心病患者远期预后的影响.方法 2003年7月至2005年9月接受单纯PCI治疗冠心病患者3809例,诊断为贫血患者744例,无贫血患者3065例.比较两组患者的临床特点、术后病死率和主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)的发生情况.平均随访548 d.结果 贫血患者除具有年龄较大,女性、糖尿病、脑血管病史、慢性肾功能不全病史、急性冠脉综合征比例、肌酐水平偏高以及左室射血分数较低的特点外,冠脉3支病变的比例明显高于无贫血患者(30.9%比21.5%,P＜0.001),而且完全血管重建率低(70.0%比73.9%,P=0.034),术后病死率(4.7%比1.5%,P＜0.001)和MACCE发生率(14.0%比10.8%,P=0.014)均明显增高.多因素Cox回归分析显示,PCI术前贫血是影响病死率的独立预测因素,而对MACCE事件元显著影响.结论 PCI术前贫血是影响病死率的独立预测因素.     

冠心病合并糖尿病患者PCI术后TLR3、TLR4、IL-10、TNF-α的表达变化及意义

目的探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并糖尿病患者行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后Toll样受体3(TLR3)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达变化及意义。方法连续选取2014年3月~2016年4月于攀枝花市中心医院心内科诊治的稳定型冠心病患者90例为研究对象,根据是否合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)分为糖尿病组(T2DM组)39例、非糖尿病组(非T2DM组)51例。所有患者成功行PCI。于术前、术后24 h、术后7 d、术后30 d取患者外周血,采用荧光实时定量PCR(q RT-PCR)法和蛋白印迹(WB)法检测外周血单个核细胞TLR3、TLR4 m RNA和蛋白表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清IL-10、TNF-α表达水平。随访并记录PCI术后主要心脏不良事件发生情况,并通过多因素logistic回归分析影响术后主要心脏不良事件的因素。结果术前T2DM组TLR3m RNA和蛋白表达低于非T2DM组,TLR4m RNA和蛋白表达高于非T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PCI术后,两组患者TLR3m RNA和蛋白表达均升高,TLR4m RNA和蛋白表达均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与非T2DM组比较,T2DM组患者IL10含量将低,TNF-α含量升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PCI术后,两组患者IL10含量明显升高,TNF-α含量明显降低。随访结果显示,T2DM组主要不良心脏事件总发生率高于非T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,血糖(OR=2.645,95%CI:1.726~3.694;P=0.035)、病变数目(OR=3.421,95%CI:1.358~4.489;P=0.016)及IL-10(OR=2.854,95%CI:1.863~3.967;P=0.017)、TLR3(OR=3.682,95%CI:2.362~6.951;P=0.031)、TLR4(OR=4.157,95%CI:2.638~10.417;P=0.001)是影响PCI术后不良心脏事件的独立危险因素。结论冠心病合并糖尿病患者PCI术后TLR3、IL-10低表达,TLR4、TNF-α高表达,PCI术后主要心脏不良事件发生率较高,TLR3、IL-10、TLR4是影响冠心病合并糖尿病患者PCI术预后的主要因素。     

血栓抽吸装置在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中临床疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价血栓抽吸装置在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中的临床疗效。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库,检索急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死冠脉支架介入治疗应用血栓抽吸装置与单纯冠脉支架介入治疗的随机对照研究(RCT)。按照纳入与排除标准,由两位研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和方法学质量评价后,采用RevMan5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入22个随机对照研究,共5177例患者,研究分为抽吸组与PCI组。Meta分析结果显示抽吸组出院后主要心血管不良事件明显低于PCI组(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.62~0.99,P=0.04)。抽吸组与PCI组术后死亡率差异无统计学意义(OR=0.92,95%CI:0.65~1.31,P=0.64),但随访时间在180天至365天抽吸组术后死亡率明显低于PCI组(OR=0.63,95%CI:0.42~0.94,P=0.02)。抽吸组术后心肌灌注3级高于PCI组(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.37~3.0,P=0.004);术后TIMI3血流高于PCI组(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.11~1.54,P=0.001)。结论血栓抽吸装置可明显改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者术后心肌血流再灌注,降低术后180天至365天的死亡率,减少出院后主要心血管不良事件的发生。     

血浆致动脉硬化指数对早发急性冠状动脉综合征患者PCI术后预后的影响

目的评价血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)对早发急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后预后的影响。方法入选208例接受单纯PCI术的早发ACS患者(男性≤55岁,女性≤65岁),以AIP=0.06为切点分为致动脉硬化表型组(n=155)和非致动脉硬化表型组(n=53),比较两组患者的临床特征。PCI术后对患者进行1年的随访,比较两组患者的病死率和主要心脑血管不良事件(MACCE)的发生率。结果致动脉硬化表型组的全因死亡率、MACCE发生率明显高于非致动脉硬化表型组(分别为11.0%比1.9%,P0.05;24.5%比11.3%,P0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,AIP与早发ACS患者PCI术后1年MACCE独立相关(OR=2.139,95%CI:1.426~3.209,P0.05);多变量Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示,AIP为早发ACS患者PCI术后1年全因死亡的独立预测因子(HR=1.347,95%CI:1.137~2.879,P0.05)。结论 AIP对早发ACS患者PCI术后全因死亡和MACCE的发生具有一定的预测价值。     

PCI术后上消化道出血患者临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨冠心病经皮冠动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后并发上消化道出血的临床特点及危险因素分析。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2014年12月收治的152例冠心病患者的临床资料,其中,78例经皮冠动脉介入治疗术后并发上消化道出血,设为实验组,另74例经皮冠动脉介入治疗术后未并发上消化道出血患者,设为对照组。比较两组临床资料,并采用Logistic多因素回归分析对PCI术后冠心病患者并发上消化道出血的相关因素进行分析。结果实验组年龄显著高于对照组(P0.01);实验组体重明显轻于对照组(P0.01);实验组肌酐清除率显著低于对照组(P0.01),且实验组中使用抗凝药和合并消化道病史患者的比例显著高于对照组(P均0.01)。多因素分析显示,体重60 kg(OR=1.33)、年龄≥50岁(OR=1.34)、肌酐清除率80 m L/min(OR=1.18)、抗凝用药(OR=1.35)及消化道病史(OR=1.23)是冠心病患者PCI术后并发上消化道出血的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论有消化道病史、肌酐水平低、体重轻、年龄大、抗凝药物史是PCI术后冠心病患者出现上消化道出血的危险因素,若临床上合并以上一种或多种临床特征,应加强对上消化道出血的预防,及时治疗。     

肌酐相对正常患者行经皮冠状动脉介入术后发生对比剂肾病的危险因素分析

目的探讨肌酐相对正常患者行经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)后发生对比剂肾病(CIN)的危险因素分析。方法收入2010年1月至2011年4月在广东省人民医院心内科住院拟行PCI术且肌酐相对正常(≤1.5mg/dl,1mg/dl=88.4μmol/L)患者972例,观察此类患者CIN的发生率、临床危险因素及院内死亡率。CIN的诊断标准为:接触对比剂后48～72h内血清肌酐浓度升高>0.5mg/dl(>44.2μmol/L)或者较原基础值升高25%以上,并排除其他诱因引起的急性肾功能损害。结果 972例患者中,CIN发生率为13.9%。CIN(+)组与CIN(-)组进行统计学分析比较,在年龄>75岁(χ2=28.91,P=0.005)、女性(χ2=5.500,P=0.019)、低蛋白血症(χ2=11.953,P=0.002)、LVEF<45%(χ2=4.103,P=0.043)、急诊PCI(χ2=39.874,P<0.001)、使用利尿剂(χ2=23.654,P<0.001)、MehranCIN积分(t=-2.419,P=0.016)方面差异有统计学意义;多变量Logistic回归分析显示,术前肌酐相对正常患者发生CIN的独立危险因素包括年龄>75岁、急诊PCI、使用利尿剂、术后低血压(分别是OR=2.3,95%CI1.4～3.8,P=0.001;OR=2.8,95%CI1.8～4.2,P<0.001;OR=1.8,95%CI1.1～2.8,P=0.016;OR=2.5,95%CI1.1～5.6,P=0.025)。CIN(+)组比CIN(-)组院内死亡率显著增加(5.1%比0.3%,χ2=17.590,P<0.001)。结论术前肌酐相对正常患者行PCI术后仍可能发生CIN,且增加其死亡率;这些患者发生CIN的独立危险因素包括年龄>75岁、急诊PCI、使用利尿剂、术后低血压;对于此类患者应给予充分的肾脏保护预防措施。     

Left main stem coronary artery dissection during coronary angiography

This paper describes a case of dissection of the main stem of the left coronary artery during coronary angiography with an uneventful clinical course. As far as we know, only one comparable case has been reported before. A brief survey of the pertinent literature is presented. Some possible pathogenetic factors are considered. No specific preventive or therapeutic measurement can be recommended.     

Triple origin of left coronary arteries from right coronary artery: Unusual case of single coronary artery

A rare case of coronary anomaly is presented: all of the coronary arteries originated from a single ostium located in the right coronary cusp. No clinical evidence of coronary pathology was recognized until the age of 57 years when the patient was found to have coronary obstructive disease. The single coronary artery had a main branch corresponding to the usual dominant right coronary artery. Three other branches separated from this and vascularized the areas normally receiving the circumflex and ramus medianus, the left anterior descending, and a large septal branch.     

Sudden coronary death

Many reports have described the amounts of atherosclerotic plaque in victims of sudden coronary death, defining the number of coronary arteries narrowed at some point greater than 75% in cross-sectional area (XSA). In order to quantitate more precisely the amount and distribution of plaque, 70 victims of sudden coronary death aged 22-81 years (mean 50) were studied. The four major epicardial coronary arteries (left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right) from each of 70 victims were cut into 5-mm segments (average 50 per patient) and a histologic section prepared from each segment. The amount of luminal narrowing by plaque was categorized into five groups (0-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, 76-95%, 96-100%). Of 3,484 five-mm segments, 950 (27%) were narrowed 76-100% in XSA. Comparison of 31 previously symptomatic victims (angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarction) to 39 victims who had been asymptomatic disclosed a higher mean percent of severely narrowed segments (30% vs. 25%, p = less than 0.005) and a lower mean percent of minimally narrowed segments in the symptomatic group. Comparison of the 31 patients with a healed myocardial infarction at necropsy with 39 patients with no left ventricular scar disclosed a higher mean percent of segments severely narrowed (33% vs. 24%, p = less than 0.001) and a lower mean percent of segments narrowed minimally in those with a left ventricular scar (13% vs. 26%, p = less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Implication of transstenotic coronary pressure gradient measurement during coronary angioplasty

The aim of this study was to establish a criterion for the success of an angioplasty based upon pressure gradients across coronary lesions. Sixty-two percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCA) in 56 patients with isolated left anterior descending artery disease were examined. Pressure gradients measured before and after PTCA were expressed as normalized mean pressure gradients (NMPG) computed by dividing mean pressure gradient by mean aortic or proximal coronary artery pressure. Angiographic severity was expressed as percentage area stenosis (AS) calculated from diastolic caliper measurements of diameter of each lesion and the nearest normal adjacent segment in at least two projections. The relationship between AS and NMPG was nonlinear with a steep increase in gradients beyond a critical value of AS of about 60%. This relationship was unaffected by angiographically visualized collaterals. All except one of 65 coronary stenotic lesions with NMPG of more than 0.32 had an AS of more than 60%. Only three of 57 coronary stenoses with NMPG of less than 0.32 had severe AS (p < 0.001). The results indicate that NMPG is a reliable, practical guide to the severity of coronary stenosis and is therefore a useful measurement for assessing either the success or the residual stenosis during PTCA.     

Right coronary artery coronary sinus fistula with coronary sinus ostium stenosis

Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare anomaly of the coronary artery. The draining site of a right coronary artery (RCA) fistula may usually be the right ventricle, right atrium, or pulmonary artery. Here, we present a patient with right coronary artery to coronary sinus fistula (RCACSF) complicated by aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary sinus (CS) and stenosis of CS ostium.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像技术和冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉疾病诊断的对照研究

目的比较64层计算机断层摄影扫描冠状动脉成像技术(64-slice computed tomography coronaryangiography,64-SCTCA)和冠状动脉造影(coronary artery angiography,CAG)在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析126例疑似冠心病的患者64-SCTCA和CAG检查资料,并对两组资料进行对比分析。结果 64-SCTCA和CAG检查结果中可用于评价的病变血管段支数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CAG共发现≥50%狭窄节段242个,64-SCTCA共发现≥50%狭窄节段199个,两种检查方法对病变狭窄的显示情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。全部126例冠心病患者中有91%通过64-SCTCA发现(110/121)。64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉病变血管的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为81.6%、98.8%、79.5%、99%。结论 64-SCTCA可作为冠心病无创、便捷、可靠的检查方法。     

The incidence of coronary anomalies on routine coronary computed tomography scans

The incidence of coronary anomalies (CCAs) in a typical angiographic study was 1.3%.1 Studies have been conducted on CCAs using conventional invasive coronary angiography in highly selected groups of patients but these studies may not reflect the true incidence of CCAs.Although the majority of CCAs are benign and incidentally detected during conventional angiography, certain CCAs may cause syncope, heart failure or sudden death, especially among young athletes.2,3 The US National Registry of Sudden Death in Athletes at the Minneapolis Heart Institute Registry found that CCAs were the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death (out of 17% of the population who died of cardiac-related causes).4Although conventional invasive coronary angiography is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of CCAs, transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) can all identify for diagnosis, CCAs in certain groups of patients.5-10 Transthoracic twodimensional echocardiography may depict the origin of the coronary arteries, especially the left main artery, but successful detection of coronary anomalies depends on the age and size of the patient.5,6Transoesophageal echocardiography has an increased success rate of identifying coronary anomalies in comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography. Nevertheless, the position of the transducer, cardiac motion, and the curvilinear course of the vessel all affect visualisation of coronary anomalies. Moreover, transoesophageal echocardiography is a semi-invasive method and is time consuming.6,7Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides an accurate assessment of the course of anomalous coronary arteries.8,9 However, this technique cannot be performed in patients with pacemakers, certain types of arrhythmias or defibrillating devices, and it may be difficult to perform in claustrophobic patients. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of MR imaging is substantially inferior to that of the newest generation of CT scanners.10Myocardial bridging (MB) is defined as the compression of a coronary artery during systole while it is normal in diastole. MB has been linked to serious cardiac events.11 The incidence of myocardial bridging in the population varies substantially according to invasive coronary angiography (13%) and autopsy (15–85%).12,13 The reported incidence of MB has increased up to 44% when using 64-MSCT.14 Because of its ability to cause serious cardiac events, diagnosing MB is clinically important.MSCT is a minimally invasive method that provides excellent temporal and spatial resolution of the coronary arteries. There have been a limited number of studies evaluating CCAs and MB with 64-MSCT. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of CCAs and MB using 64-MSCT in a relatively large population.     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.     

The disappearing coronary stenosis: reemphasizing the importance of excluding coronary vasospasm before coronary intervention.

We describe a case of resting angina with multiple angiographic stenoses that were highly suitable for stenting. These classic lesions resolved after intracoronary nitroglycerin while positioning a stent. This case reemphasizes the need to exclude vasospasm prior to any interventional coronary procedure.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery

Angioplasty of anomalous coronary arteries presents unique technical challenges. Correct guiding catheter selection is important to ensure adequate access to the anomalous vessel and to provide support to cross the lesion. A case of successful PTCA of a lesion in an anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left main coronary artery is presented. © 1993 Wiiey-Liss, Inc.