头颈部恶性肿瘤累及颈动脉的治疗(附3例报告)

报告３例头颈部恶性肿瘤颈部转移累及颈动脉,术中保留预动脉,术后４～６ｄ颈动脉破裂大出血。分析原因为伤口感染和颈动脉已被肿瘤浸润所致,提示受肿瘤侵犯的颈动脉不宜保留。     

耳源性面瘫27例分析

报告耳源性面瘫27例,其中慢性化脓性中耳炎致瘫10例,中耳乳突手术损伤17例。治疗后面神经功能恢复正常(Ⅰ级)19例,轻度功能失调(Ⅱ级)4例,严重功能失调4例。对3例少见致瘫原因作了报道。     

Intraoperative facial motor evoked potentials monitoring with transcranial electrical stimulation for preservation of facial nerve function in patients with large acoustic neuroma

Background Although various monitoring techniques have been used routinely in the treatment of the lesions in the skull base, iatrogenic facial paresis or paralysis remains a significant clinical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative facial motor evoked potentials monitoring with transcranial electrical stimulation on preservation of facial nerve function. Method From January to November 2005, 19 patients with large acoustic neuroma were treated using intraoperative facial motor evoked potentials monitoring with transcranial electrical stimulation （TCEMEP） for preservation of facial nerve function. The relationship between the decrease of MEP amplitude after tumor removal and the postoperative function of the facial nerve was analyzed. Results MEP amplitude decreased more than 75% in 11 patients, of which 6 presented significant facial paralysis （H-B grade 3）, and 5 had mild facial paralysis （H-B grade 2）. In the other 8 patients, whose MEP amplitude decreased less than 75%, 1 experienced significant facial paralysis, 5 had mild facial paralysis, and 2 were normal. Conclusions Intraoperative TCEMEP can be used to predict postoperative function of the facial nerve. The decreased MEP amplitude above 75 % is an alarm point for possible severe facial paralysis.     

多排螺旋CT面神经管重建及其在面神经麻痹诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT对面神经管显示能力及其在周围性面神经麻痹诊断中的应用价值。方法应用图像重建技术对43例患者面神经管进行多平面重建（MPR）及曲面重建（CPR），并对面神经管各段及第一弯曲、第二弯曲进行测量。结果在43例中发现：颈静脉球增大面神经管骨质缺损1例；先天性外耳道闭锁1例；急慢性中耳炎15例17耳，9耳面神经管有破坏，引起面神经麻痹者仅1耳；本组面神经管裂缺发生率为86％（37／43）。面神经管CPR及MPR图像能清楚地显示面神经各段，CPR能够在同一幅图像上显示双侧面神经管全貌，MPR与CPR的测量结果基本一致，但部分不一致；面神经麻痹患者健侧及患侧的测量值比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论面神经管MPR及CPR图像相结合是研究面神经管解剖的良好影像学方法，能给临床医生在诊断面神经管发育异常、肿瘤、慢性中耳炎等提供有力的证据。     

面神经瘤误诊18例的回顾性分析

 目的   提高临床医师对面神经瘤的认识。方法   回顾分析18例有误诊经历的面神经瘤患者的临床资料,主要包括年龄、性别、临床表现、听力、面神经功能、面神经电图、颞骨CT和MRI结果、手术径路以及术后病理报告。结果   18例患者年龄7～62岁,平均43岁。其中12例患者被误诊为贝尔式面瘫(66.7%),3例患者被误诊为胆脂瘤(16.7%),另外3例患者分别被误诊为颞骨占位、中耳新生物和腮腺肿块。患者被误诊的时间为1～192个月,平均39个月。面神经麻痹(77.8%)和听力下降(66.7%)是最常见的临床表现,耳鸣、耳溢液、面肌痉挛、耳痛和眩晕等症状也较为常见。16例为神经鞘膜瘤(88.9%),面神经纤维瘤和骨血管瘤各1例(5.6%)。结论   若患者面瘫进行性加重,6个月内未见好转;或诊断为中耳炎但抗感染治疗无效者; 或腮腺肿块患者若肿物与面神经关系密切,均应考虑面神经瘤可能。影像学检查和病理学检查对于面神经瘤的诊断至关重要,手术切除是面神经瘤的首选治疗方法,并应积极考虑面神经重建。     

瞬目反射在急性面神经炎中的应用价值

【目的】探讨瞬目反射对面神经炎早期诊断和病变范围评估的价值。【方法】对60例面神经炎患者在发病1~7 d内进行瞬目反射检查并与神经电图检查作对照。【结果】瞬目反射异常率为100%(60/60),神经电图异常率为46.6%(28/60),差异有统计学意义。瞬目反射提示单纯面神经损害68.3%(41/60),面神经、脑干和三叉神经联合损害19例。【结论】瞬目反射是面神经炎早期诊断的敏感指标,对评估病变范围有助。     

得宝松局部注射和激光照射治疗周围型面瘫

目的：评估得宝松（betamethasone)局部注射和He-Ne激光照射对周围型面瘫的治疗效果。方法：250例周围型面瘫，病程为2d到6月以上。得宝松（内含5mg二丙酸倍他米松＋2mg倍他米松磷酸钠）加2％利多卡因3ml,患侧面神经干周围注射，6个月内4d/次，6个月以上7d/次，同时用He-Ne激光局部照射15min,1次／d,10次为一疗程。结果：6个月以内216例病人经15－30d治疗，6个月以上30例部分神经变性患者经50d治疗，疗效100％。4例患者神经完全变性经60d治疗，获得满意疗效。结论：得宝松局部注射和He-Ne激光束照射对周围型面瘫有显著效果。     

Analysis of Preoperative Factors Influencing Hypoglossal-facial ‘Side'-to-side Neurorrhaphy for Facial Paralysis after Excision of Acoustic Neuroma

Objective Hypoglossal nerve-facial nerve ‘side'-to-side neurorrhaphy is a new method for the treatment of potential incomplete facial paralysis after acoustic neuroma. However, there are differences in postoperative outcomes among patients. This study analysed preoperative factors that may influence the treatment outcomes of neurorrhaphy.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 53 patients who were treated by neurorrhaphy for facial paralysis after acoustic neuroma resection. After a one-year follow-up period, the patients were divided into two groups according to facial functional outcome: better recovery or ordinary recovery.We analysed the following factors: gender, age, tumour size, and characteristics, tumour adhesion to the facial nerve, the duration of facial paralysis(DFP) and F wave appearance prior to neurorrhaphy(F wave).Results Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the two groups in DFP(P = 0.0002),tumour adhesion to the facial nerve(P = 0.0079) and F waves(P = 0.0048). Logistic regression analysis of these factors also showed statistical significance with P values of 0.042 for the DFP, 0.043 for F waves,and 0.031 for tumour adhesion to the facial nerve.Conclusions Tumour adhesion to the facial nerve, F waves appearance and DFP prior to neurorrhaphy are the predominant factors that influence treatment outcomes.     

腮腺手术中面神经实时监测的应用与意义

目的 评价面神经术中实时监测在腮腺手术中的作用、监测方法及应用前景.方法 2000至2008年65例腮腺手术(实验组)中应用神经监护仪(NIM-pulse型)行面神经功能监测,面神经顺行解剖法(主干法)18例,逆行解剖法(分支法)35例,顺行逆行结合法12例.全部病例采用静吸复合全身麻醉,记录手术时间和电刺激最小电流阈值.对照组为44例未行面神经监测的腮腺手术病例,全部为逆行解剖法.结果 实验组中4例术后发生轻度暂时性面神经麻痹(6.1%),无永久性面瘫;平均手术时间为1.8 h;平均最小电刺激阈值为0.15 mA,适宜刺激电流范围为0.2-1.0 mA.对照组术后暂时性面神经麻痹9例(20.5%),永久性面瘫2例(4.5%);平均手术时间为3.0 h.结论 腮腺手术中面神经实时监测可以帮助术者迅速定位识别神经并缩短手术时间,为术后面神经功能评估提供客观指标,提高神经保全率.     

FACIAL PALSY - TREATMENT OPTIONS

Facial palsy poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the doctor. Definite treatment modalities, medical, surgical and physical have evolved and can be used either singly or in combination to treat this condition successfully. 25 cases of facial palsy of varied aetiology managed over 2 year period in the Neurotology clinic of Armed Forces Medical College are presented. 10 cases underwent medical management only. 15 cases underwent surgical management, consisting of facial nerve decompression (10), nerve approximation (2), nerve grafting (1) and hypoglossal facial anastamosis [2]. All patients underwent physiotherapy to the paralysed face. Patients with Bell''s palsy had 83.5% recovery (5 out of 6 cases), CSOM cases after surgical decompression of facial nerve had a 100% recovery (3 out of 3 cases), iatrogenic facial palsy 80% (8 out of 10 cases) and patients after tumour excision 68% (4 out of 6 cases) recovery. The diagnostic approach, method of evaluation of degree of facial palsy based on clinical, electrodiagnostic tests and the various treatment modalities are discussed.KEYWORDS: Facial palsy, treatment modalities     

Surgical intervention in traumatic facial nerve paralysis

A four years review from June 1998 to June 2002 of traumatic facial nerve paralysis from temporal bone fractures that required surgical intervention is presented. The aim of this clinical presentation was to determine the current pattern of cases with traumatic facial paralysis which required surgical intervention at our center. There were six cases, of which four (66%) were longitudinal fractures, one each (17%) had transverse fracture and fracture over the lateral wall of mastoid. Hearing loss (83%) was the commonest associated clinical symptom. All cases underwent decompression via the transmastoid surgical approach. Intraoperative findings revealed oedema of facial nerve involving vertical segment and horizontal segment in three cases each respectively. Two cases had concomitant bony impingement. The facial nerve functions in four cases (66%) and one case recovered to House Brackmann grade 2 and 4, 12 months and 3 months respectively postsurgery. The case with transverse fracture remained as House Brackmann grade 5 after two years.     

腮腺混合瘤个体化手术治疗对面神经功能影响的临床总结

目的探讨造成腮腺混合瘤手术切除后面神经损伤的原因。方法对76例腮腺混合瘤的患者采用个体化的手术方式,观察其对面神经功能的影响。结果76例患者中有26例手术后出现面瘫,占34%。其中腮腺区域性切除者面瘫发生率为22.2%,为暂时性面瘫;行腮腺浅叶和瘤体切除者面瘫的发生率为37.9%,均为暂时性面瘫;全叶切除者发生率为46%,1例为永久性面瘫。结论手术方式、手术范围、面神经的解剖方法是影响面神经功能损伤的主要原因,面瘫的发生率与手术术式、肿瘤与面神经的位置关系、以及面神经的解剖形态密切相关。     

针刺结合肌肉能量技术治疗周围性面瘫的临床研究

【目的】观察针刺结合肌肉能量技术治疗周围性面瘫的临床疗效及其对表面肌电图的影响。【方法】将60例周围性面瘫患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组给予西医常规疗法联合针刺治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,联合肌肉能量技术,每周连续治疗6 d,休息1 d,共治疗4周。治疗4周后,评价2组患者的临床疗效,观察2组患者治疗前及治疗2、4周后House-Brackmann(H-B)面神经功能评分、Portmann面瘫简易评分及表面肌电图的变化情况,并比较2组患者的痊愈时间。【结果】(1)观察组总有效率为96.67%(29/30),对照组为83.33%(25/30)。观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)治疗2、4周后,2组患者的H-B面神经功能评分均明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组在改善H-B面神经功能评分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)治疗2、4周后,2组患者的Portmann面瘫简易评分均明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组在改善Portmann面瘫简易评分方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)治疗2、4周后,2组患者的面肌表面肌电均方根值(包括额肌、眼轮匝肌、口轮匝肌、颧小肌、颧大肌)均明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组在改善面肌表面肌电均方根值方面明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(5)观察组痊愈时间为(20.98±3.76)d,对照组为(24.36±4.37)d。观察组痊愈时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】针刺结合肌肉能量技术治疗周围性面瘫,可明显改善患者面神经功能,提高疗效,缩短疗程。     

面神经麻痹的外科治疗

目的 :研究面神经麻痹的治疗方法及时机。方法 :回顾分析 89例面神经麻痹的临床资料。结果 :6 1例行面神经减压术 ,4 8例有效。 8例行面神经吻合术 ,7例有效。 7例行面神经移植术 ,6例有效。总有效率为 6 7.1%。未行手术治疗 13例 ,仅 2例有效 ,有效率为 15 %。结论 :精确适时的手术是治疗面神经麻痹的有效方法。     

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma: a case report

Schwannoma in the head and neck region is very rare. The tumour occurring in the intraparotid facial nerve is even rarer. A patient presenting with a parotid swelling with facial nerve paralysis is not pathognomonic of a facial nerve schwannoma. However it may occur because enlargement of the parotid, by any kind of tumour especially a malignant one can cause facial nerve paralysis. We report a case of an intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma, in a patient who presented with parotid enlargement and facial nerve paralysis.     

腮腺良性肿瘤的外科手术治疗方式及其并发症分析

目的 回顾性分析腮腺良性肿瘤的外科手术治疗方式的选择及其并发症.方法 收集我院2007-2011年间83例腮腺良性肿瘤患者,行腮腺部分切除术21例,腮腺浅叶切除术43例,全腮腺切除术19例,随访1～4年,分析其手术效果及并发症.结果 在本组病例中,均无肿瘤复发及永久性面瘫;在腮腺部分切除术中,暂时性面瘫发生率为14.3％ （3/21）,Frey综合征为4.8％ （1/21）.在腮腺浅叶切除术中,暂时性面瘫为39.5％ （17/43）,涎瘘为14％ （6/43）,Frey综合征为16.3％ （7/43）.在全腮腺切除术中,出现暂时性面瘫发生率为52.6％ （10/19）,涎瘘为10.5％ （2/19）,Frey综合征为15.7％ （3/19）.结论 腮腺部分切除术并发症少,但有严格的手术适应证,腮腺浅叶切除术手术疗效肯定,但并发症较多,术中尽量保护面神经,保留腮腺导管、耳大神经.全腮腺切除术术后暂时性面瘫发生率最高.三种术式均有严格的适应证,不同部位的腮腺肿瘤应采用不同的手术切除方式,以减少并发症的发生.     

听神经瘤手术切除术中面神经电生理监测与保护

目的分析听神经瘤患者术中面神经监测技术以及在显微外科联合应用的手术中面神经保留、预后情况分析。方法安徽医科大学附属省立医院手术切除179例听神经瘤患者,对术中面神经监测情况以及术后面神经保留情况的回顾性分析。结果 179例听神经瘤患者,术后面神经功能保留率83%,解剖保留率96%;其中听神经瘤最大直径大于等于4.0 cm有88例,小于4.0 cm 91例。结论随着人们生活质量不断的提高,听神经瘤治疗目的不再仅仅是切除肿瘤延长生命,而是要求在尽可能彻底切除肿瘤的同时完整保留面神经功能作为听神经瘤治疗最佳效果。术中面神经监测技术和显微内镜的联合应用,以及手术者经验的不断丰富,可以大大提高听神经瘤手术时面神经保留率。     

听神经瘤显微手术53例

目的探讨听神经瘤显微手术中面神经保护及内听道肿瘤的处理方法。方法53例听神经瘤患者全部采用坐位经枕下乙状窦后一内听道入路，术中行面神经及脑干诱发电位检测，术后对面神经功能评价及随访。结果53例中肿瘤全切46例（86．8％），近全切7例（13．2％）；面神经解剖保留40例（75．5％），出院时功能保留30例（H—B分级，Ⅱ级以上），随访3个月至1年，面神经功能保留36例（Ⅱ级以上），完全麻痹8例．术后颅内积气4例，脑积水3例，脑脊液漏2例，无感染及死亡病例。结论术中神经电生理检测及熟练的显微外科技术是听神经瘤切除及面神经保留的关键。     

磁吸针配合整脊手法治疗颈源性面神经麻痹的临床研究

目的通过磁吸针配合整脊手法治疗颈源性面神经麻痹达到标本兼治的目的,找到一种治疗颈源性面神经麻痹安全、有效的新方法。方法将我院91例颈源性面神经麻痹患者随机分成两组,治疗组48例采用磁吸针配合整脊手法治疗,对照组43例采用磁吸针治疗,20次为1个疗程,疗程间休息3～5 d;1个疗程后对照组未愈患者转入治疗组治疗;参照《深圳市疾病诊疗指南》Bell面瘫疗效标准,观察患者临床疗效。结果第1个疗程治疗组治愈率（89.6%）、总有效率（100.0%）明显高于对照组（69.8%、86.0%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;第1个疗程后治疗组总治愈率为100.0%。结论磁吸针配合整脊手法治疗颈源性面神经麻痹效果显著。     

岩斜脑膜瘤15例手术治疗分析

目的探讨岩斜脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术策略、手术技巧和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析临床资料完整的15例岩斜脑膜瘤病例,总结其临床特点。本组均采用经Kawase入路,手术策略为全切除岩斜区肿瘤,术后辅以γ刀治疗。分析手术后颅神经功能和患者生存状况。结果头痛头晕、外展麻痹和面部麻木是岩斜脑膜瘤的主要症状。手术近全切除肿瘤13例,次全切除2例。12例残余肿瘤术后行γ刀治疗。无手术死亡,术后无新增颅神经损害6例,出现动眼神经麻痹6例,面部麻木7例,外展功能障碍4例,面瘫7例。随访6~59个月(平均38.6个月),12例恢复正常工作和生活,2例生活自理,1例生活需他人照顾。13例无肿瘤复发,2例残余肿瘤增大者中1例经γ刀治疗肿瘤生长得到控制。动眼神经麻痹和面瘫均改善,面部麻木5例部分缓解,外展功能障碍无明显改善。结论对岩斜脑膜瘤应采用合理的手术策略,尽可能减少手术引起的神经损害,有利于提高患者的生存质量。