高同型半胱氨酸血症与脑梗死复发的关系

目的探讨高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hhcy)与脑梗死复发的关系。方法按血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平,将139例急性脑梗死患者分为Hhcy组(42例,血Hcy≥15μmol/L)和非Hhcy(NHhcy)组(97例,血Hcy<15μmol/L)。给予入组者抗血小板治疗,以及控制已知的脑血管病危险因素等治疗;随访5年,观察两组脑梗死复发率及死亡率,分析影响脑梗死复发的危险因素。结果 Hhcy组脑梗死复发率(38.1%)和死亡率(19.0%)明显高于NHhcy组(15.5%,6.1%)(P<0.05～0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,脑梗死复发与Hhcy(OR=1.110,95%CI:1.051～1.171,P<0.01)及糖尿病(OR=4.816,95%CI:1.693～13.697,P<0.01)有关。结论 Hhcy是脑梗死复发的独立危险因素之一。     

H型高血压并发急性脑梗死同型半胱氨酸水平升高的危险因素分析

目的 探讨H型高血压并发急性脑梗死同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与炎症因子、颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成的相关性。方法 选取许昌市中心医院103例高血压并发急性脑梗死患者,均行Hcy水平检测,依据Hcy水平分为观察组53例(Hcy15μmol/L),对照组50例(Hcy≤15μmol/L),比较2组性别、年龄、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)水平、颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、颈动脉斑块形成率等。结果观察组血清hs-CRP、MCP-1、ox-LDL、VE-cadherin水平及IMT均高于对照组,不稳定斑块形成率60.38%(32/53),高于对照组40.00%(20/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经Logistic回归分析,血清hs-CRP、MCP-1、ox-LDL、VE-cadherin及IMT、颈动脉斑块形成为诱发高血压并发急性脑梗死患者血清Hcy水平升高的危险因素(P0.05);经Spearman相关性分析,高血压并发急性脑梗死患者血清Hcy水平升高与炎症因子、颈动脉粥样硬化及颈动脉粥样斑块形成率呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 炎症因子、颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成是高血压并发急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高的高危因素,与血清同型半胱氨酸水平升高呈正相关。     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死发生及颈动脉粥样硬化相关性的临床研究

目的研究血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)水平与脑梗死发生及其与颈动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的关系。方法收集162例脑梗死患者、40例健康对照者血液标本,采用荧光偏振免疫法测定Hcy,同时对患者进行血压、空腹血糖、血脂和纤维蛋白原测定。并对94例患者作颈动脉彩色超声检查,比较脑梗死组与对照组、颈动脉硬化组与颈动脉正常组血清Hcy水平变化。结果脑梗死组和对照组血清Hcy水平升高分别有98例和5例,占60.49%和12.50%,血清Hcy水平分别为17.86±7.32μmol/L和12.05±3.33μmol/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。脑梗死组中伴颈动脉粥样硬化的患者Hcy水平明显高于无颈动脉粥样硬化者(P<0.05)。脑梗死患者Hcy水平与血脂无相关性,与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(intimal-media thickness,IMT)呈显著正相关性(r=0.463,P<0.001)。结论高Hcy血症是脑梗死的独立危险因素,与颈动脉粥样硬化及斑块形成有关,为防治缺血性脑卒中提供新的理论依据。     

单纯性糖耐量异常脑梗死患者血同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白水平的改变

目的 研究单纯性糖耐量异常(IGT)脑梗死患者血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的改变.方法 根据血糖水平及糖耐量试验将756例脑梗死患者分为糖耐量正常组、IGT组及糖尿病组.采用免疫透射比浊法测定血清hs-CRP水平,荧光偏振免疫分析法测定血浆Hcy水平.结果 血糖正常组331例,IGT组142例,糖尿病组283例.血Hcy及hs-CRP水平IGT组[(19.17±9.35)μmol/L,(8.0±11.9) μg/ml]及糖尿病组[(20.46±10.56) μmol/L,(7.7±20.7) μg/ml]明显高于血糖正常组[(16.17 ±7.35) μmol/L,(3.5 ±9.2) μg/ml](均P＜0.001),IGT组与糖尿病组间的差异无统计学意义.结论 IGT脑梗死患者的血 Hcy和hs-CRP水平明显升高.     

同型半胱氨酸在帕金森病患者血浆中的变化及临床意义

目的对比研究同型半胱氨酸(homocystein,Hcy)在帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)和脑梗死患者血浆中的变化,探讨其临床意义。方法检测PD、脑梗死患者及对照组血浆Hcy水平,检测PD、脑梗死患者及对照组血浆叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平。对PD患者血浆Hcy水平与叶酸及维生素B_(12)水平进行相关性分析,对血浆Hcy水平与PD严重程度、病程、临床类型、情绪、认知功能及是否服用美多芭进行相关性分析。结果 (1)PD组、脑梗死组及对照组血浆Hcy水平分别为20±11μmol/L、16±7μmol/L及11±2μmol/L,PD组和脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01),PD组血浆Hcy水平明显高于脑梗死组(P0.01);(2)PD组血浆叶酸和维生素B_(12)水平分别为6±5μg/L和514±345ng/L。PD组血浆叶酸和Hcy水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.453,P0.01);血浆维生素B_(12)和Hcy水平无明显相关性(r=-0.268,P0.05)。(3)按照Hoehn-Yahr分期对PD严重程度进行分组,轻、中、重度PD组血浆Hcy水平分别为16±8μmol/L、21±9μmol/L和35±3μmol/L,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(4)血浆Hcy水平与病程、临床类型、情绪、认知功能及是否服用美多芭无关。结论 PD组和脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平明显增高,PD组Hcy水平与疾病严重程度密切相关,PD组血浆叶酸和Hcy水平呈明显负相关。     

血清miR-17-5p与Hcy水平联合预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者预后的价值

目的探讨血清miR-17-5p及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平联合预测急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者预后的价值。方法选取2016年1月至2019年3月儋州市人民医院收治的158例AIS,根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(n=98,mRS评分≤2分)和预后不良组(n=60,mRS评分2分),采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将患者分为轻度组(n=47,NIHSS评分5分)、中度组(n=73,5分≤NIHSS评分≤20分)、重度组(n=38,NIHSS评分20分)。检测各组血清miR-17-5p及Hcy水平,应用ROC曲线分析miR-17-5p联合Hcy预测AIS患者预后不良的价值。采用Pearson相关分析方法分析AIS患者血清miR-17-5p及Hcy水平与NIHSS及mRS评分的相关性。结果 AIS组血清miR-17-5p[(2.38±0.74)比(0.24±0.08)]及Hcy[(18.60±5.30)μmol/L比(5.70±1.15)μmol/L]水平明显高于对照组(均P0.01)。预后不良组血清miR-17-5p[(3.24±1.08)比(1.56±0.63)]及Hcy[(23.40±6.10)μmol/L比(14.25±3.58)μmol/L]水平明显高于预后良好组(均P0.01)。重度组血清miR-17-5p[分别为:(3.60±1.15)比(2.52±0.90),(3.60±1.15)比(1.20±0.47)]及Hcy[(28.20±6.74)μmol/L比(18.36±4.82)μmol/L,(28.20±6.74)μmol/L比(11.35±3.20)μmol/L]水平均明显高于中度组和轻度组(P0.01),且中度组血清miR-17-5p[(2.52±0.90)比(1.20±0.47)]及Hcy[(18.36±4.82)μmol/L比(11.35±3.20)μmol/L]水平均明显高于轻度组(P0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清miR-17-5p及Hcy水平预测AIS患者预后不良的最佳截值分别为2.06、17.62μmol/L,两项联合预测AIS患者预后不良的曲线下面积[0.918(95%CI:0.860～0.975)]较高,其敏感度和特异度分别为92.0%和85.3%。相关分析结果显示,预后不良组血清miR-17-5p及Hcy水平与NIHSS(分别r=0.772、0.853,P0.01)及mRS评分(分别r=0.740、0.807,P0.01)均呈正相关。结论血清miR-17-5p及Hcy水平升高与AIS患者神经功能缺损的严重程度及预后不良相关,且miR-17-5p联合Hcy对AIS患者预后预测具有较高的价值。     

青年急性脑梗死与高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性探讨

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）血症对青年急性脑梗死的影响。方法检测30例年龄50岁以下的急性脑梗死患者（青年脑梗死组）和30例同期健康体检者（对照组）的Hcy水平。结果青年急性脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平为（22.78±7.61）μmol/L,对照组为（11.45±6.30）μmol/L,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高Hcy血症是青年急性脑梗死的一个重要的独立危险因素,检测血浆Hcy水平对脑梗死的防治具有重要的临床价值。     

急性脑梗死与高血浆同型半胱氨酸血症关系探讨

目的探讨急性脑梗死与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的关系。方法测定86例急性脑梗死病人的血浆Hcy的浓度,并与92例对照者进行比较。结果急性脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平为(17.06±6.61)μmol.L-1,明显高于对照组水平(10.68±5.62)μmol.L-1(t=6.952,P<0.001)。结论高血浆同型半胱氨酸是脑梗死危险因素。     

同型半胱氨酸血糖水平与脑出血严重程度及预后的相关性研究

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血糖水平与脑出血严重程度及预后的相关性研究。方法纳入脑出血患者60例,同时纳入60例健康体检者作为对照组。分别检测患者Hcy、空腹血糖(FBG)、血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平。根据脑出血患者病情分为轻型组、中型组及重型组,分别采集3组患者静脉血并观察Hcy水平以及FBG水平。结果脑出血患者血清Hcy、FBG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平分别为(14.97±6.75)μmol/L、(8.20±0.92)mmol/L、(1.02±0.20)mmol/L、(2.39±0.59)mmol/L,对照组分别为(11.25±3.55)μmol/L、(5.01±0.35)mmol/L、(1.15±0.15)mmol/L、(2.18±0.32)mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多元Logistic逐步回归分析示Hcy水平是导致脑出血发生的显著性影响因素(P0.05);轻型组、中型组及重型组血清Hcy分别为(10.37±4.10)μmol/L、(14.70±5.31)μmol/L、(22.24±6.74)μmol/L,FBG分别为(4.33±0.95)mmol/L、(9.14±2.63)mmol/L、(11.26±3.35)mmol/L。重型组血清Hcy及FBG均明显高于轻型组与中型组,中型组血清Hcy及FBG均明显高于轻型组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清Hcy水平是引发脑出血发生的一个独立高危因素,Hcy与FBG水平能够提示脑出血患者的严重程度,对于判断疾病的预后有重要的临床价值。     

Hcy、FIB、D-D联合检测在老年急性脑血管病诊断中的应用

目的分析同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)联合检测对老年急性脑血管病诊断的临床价值。方法分别测定166例老年急性脑血管病患者血液中的Hcy、FIB和D-D水平变化,并选取164例健康老年人作为对照。FIB测定采用比浊法,D-D测定采用免疫渗滤法,Hcy测定采用循环酶法。结果老年急性脑血管病组的血液中的Hcy、FIB和D-D平均含量分别是(24.85±5.42)μmol/L、(5.77±1.31)g/L、(0.7±0.3)mg/L,对照分别为(9.68±3.56)μmol/L、(2.55±1.01)g/L、(0.1±0.1)mg/L,2组Hcy、FIB和D-D平均含量比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年急性脑血管病时血液中的Hcy、FIB和D-D水平明显升高,三项指标联合检测能更好地反映老年急性脑血管病的病情,对早期诊断以及延缓、阻止脑梗死的发生、发展临床价值重大。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.