Adolescent resilience: an evolutionary concept analysis

Resilience is a concept that has enormous utility in nursing, although there is a need for concept clarity as it relates to adolescence. The purpose of this article is to describe the concept and apply the Evolutionary Model of Concept Analysis to resilience in adolescents. A literature search and an analysis of 22 articles specific to the adolescent population were completed. The literature review revealed adolescent resilience to be a composite of attributes that include the characteristics of the adolescent, sources of social support, and available resources. Implications for nursing and a proposed model of adolescent resilience are presented.     

Development of a theoretically derived model of resilience through concept analysis

BACKGROUND: Resilience refers to a dynamic process that results in adaptation in the context of significant adversity (Margalit 2004). The concept of resilience has been of interest to various professional groups for many years; however, it is only recently that the nursing profession has begun to recognise its potential contribution in diverse clinical contexts. OBJECTIVE: First, to identify current theoretical and operational definitions of resilience and second, to identify and describe defining attributes of resilience. METHODS: The method of inquiry was guided by Walker and Avant's (1995) approach to concept analysis. FINDINGS: From this analysis, a conceptual model of resilience postulates that the constructs of self-efficacy, hope and coping are defining attributes of resilience. DISCUSSION: Resilience appears to be a process that can be developed at any time during lifespan, and thus is not an inherent characteristic of personality. Further, the development of resilience is based on the synergy shared between individuals and their environments and experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Further theoretical clarification of the ways in which individuals transform stressful experiences into opportunities for increased growth may contribute to nursing knowledge in the form of better understanding of the resilience concept in the context of identifying strategies that build it.     

Nurse resilience: A concept analysis

Nurse resilience is attracting increasing attention in research and practice. Possession of a high level of resilience is cited as being crucial for nurses to succeed professionally and manage workplace stressors. There is no agreed definition of nurse resilience. A concept analysis was undertaken to examine nurse resilience using a priori selected analysis framework. This concept analysis aims to systematically analyse resilience as it relates to nurses and establish a working definition of nurse resilience. Sixty‐nine papers met the search criteria for inclusion. Key attributes of nurse resilience were social support, self‐efficacy, work–life balance/self‐care, humour, optimism, and being realistic. Resilience enables nurses to positively adapt to stressors and adversity. It is a complex and dynamic process which varies over time and context and embodies both individual attributes and external resources. Sustaining nurse resilience requires action and engagement from both individuals and organizations.     

Risk: a concept analysis

TOPIC: Concept analysis of risk. PURPOSE: To analyze the concept risk and provide a new definition of risk. SOURCES: Published literature. CONCLUSIONS: A new definition of risk that emerged from this concept analysis can provide clarity and direction for future research. Nurse researchers can look to this definition to expand what is known about health-seeking behaviors as opposed to "risk" behaviors and seek to further our understanding of the cognitive and experiential process of risk identification.     

The Resilience Scale: psychometric properties and clinical applicability in older adults

Resilience is described as the ability to achieve, retain, or regain a level of physical or emotional health after illness or loss. The Resilience Scale was specifically developed to measure personality characteristics of resilience in older adults. The purposes of this article are to provide additional support for the psychometric properties of the Resilience Scale and to consider the clinical applicability of this tool. Data from two independent samples of older adults were used. Most of the participants were Caucasian women, between 80 and 90 years of age, widowed, single, or divorced, and they had on average approximately three comorbid medical problems. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and test criterion relationships for validity testing, and internal consistency and estimates of R(2) for reliability testing. Although there was some support for the reliability and validity of the 25-item Resilience Scale, there was a poor fit of Items 3-6, 9, 11, 20, and 22 in the 25-item measure. Overall, participants in both samples scored high in resilience, and item mapping indicated that additional items are needed on the measure to differentiate those who are particularly resilient. Although revisions are recommended, use of the Resilience Scale can help identify older adults low in resilience and expose these individuals to interventions to improve resilience and facilitate successful aging.     

The trait and process of resilience

Resilience is the ability of people to 'spring back' in the face of adversity. It is and important concept for nurses as we endeavour to assist individuals to meet the challenges of living with illness and ageing. Researchers form many disciplines in both the social and health sciences have investigated resilience of individuals throughout the life cycle in a variety of situations related to health as well as other life events. Some researchers have investigated resilience as a trait of individuals while other view resilience as a process. This article reviews the current literature on resilience from many disciplines and discusses implications for nursing practice and research.     

Personal resilience as a strategy for surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: a literature review

AIM: This paper is a report of a literature review to explore the concept of personal resilience as a strategy for responding to workplace adversity and to identify strategies to enhance personal resilience in nurses. BACKGROUND: Workplace adversity in nursing is associated with excessive workloads, lack of autonomy, bullying and violence and organizational issues such as restructuring, and has been associated with problems retaining nurses in the workforce. However, despite these difficulties many nurses choose to remain in nursing, and survive and even thrive despite a climate of workplace adversity. DATA SOURCES: The literature CINAHL, EBSCO, Medline and Pubmed databases were searched from 1996 to 2006 using the keywords 'resilience', 'resilience in nursing', and 'workplace adversity' together with 'nursing'. Papers in English were included. FINDINGS: Resilience is the ability of an individual to positively adjust to adversity, and can be applied to building personal strengths in nurses through strategies such as: building positive and nurturing professional relationships; maintaining positivity; developing emotional insight; achieving life balance and spirituality; and, becoming more reflective. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that nurses can actively participate in the development and strengthening of their own personal resilience to reduce their vulnerability to workplace adversity and thus improve the overall healthcare setting. We recommend that resilience-building be incorporated into nursing education and that professional support should be encouraged through mentorship programmes outside nurses' immediate working environments.     

Resilience and academic motivation's mediation effects in nursing students' academic stress and self-directed learning: A multicenter cross-sectional study

AimsTo investigate the mediating role of resilience and academic motivation between academic stress and self-directed learning.BackgroundAcademic stress in nursing students is a well-reported concept that affects resilience, academic motivation and self-directed learning. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating the mediating role of resilience and academic motivation between academic stress and self-directed learning.DesignCross-sectional study and mediation analysis.MethodsNursing students (n = 718) were recruited from five nursing schools via convenience sampling. Four self-report scales (Perception of Academic Stress Scale, Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale, Short Academic Motivation Scale and Self-directed Learning Instrument) were used to collect data from August to December 2022. Pearson’s r, bivariate analysis and multistage regression analyses were employed to analyze the data.ResultsAcademic stress negatively influences nursing students' resilience, academic motivation and self-directed learning. Resilience and academic motivation have a positive impact on self-directed learning. Resilience and academic motivation mediate the relationship between academic stress and self-directed learning, as evidenced by a reduction in the negative impacts of academic stress on nursing students.ConclusionResilience and academic motivation, as mediators, reduce the effects of academic stress on self-directed learning. Nursing educators and administrators should promote programs that strengthen resilience and academic motivation. Thus, improving educational and clinical performance.     

院前急救护士心理韧性现状及其影响因素研究

目的:调查院前急救护士心理韧性现状并分析其影响因素。方法:采用Connor-Davidson韧性量表,对荆州市135名院前急救护士进行心理韧性调查,并采用多元线性回归分析法分析其影响因素。结果:院前急救护士的心理韧性总均分为(3.37±0.29)分,得分状况较好;多元线性回归分析显示,心理韧性的影响因素包括婚姻、从事院前急救年限、家庭照护任务及身体健康状况。结论:院前急救护士具有较好的心理韧性,是在逆境中不断发展壮大起来的,且能将其转换为行为的本能特质。     

Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Resilience Scale in a Spanish Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Sample

The concept of resilience is receiving increasing attention in the field of chronic pain. It has been shown to play a protective role in patients with osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this finding, no resilience measurements have been validated in chronic pain populations. The Resilience Scale (RS) is a well-known instrument that has been used to assess resilience in studies conducted in the general population. When used in chronic pain samples, this scale presented the highest internal consistency compared to other resilience scales. The main aim of this study was to provide data on the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the RS in a sample of chronic musculoskeletal pain patients (n = 300). Factor analyses revealed a single-factor solution of 18 items (RS-18), which accounted for 52.43% of the total variance of this scale. The RS-18 shows good reliability (internal consistency and stability) and construct validity. This scale has the advantage of excluding items closely related to functional disability and impairment. Furthermore, the RS-18 significantly correlated with several pain-related variables (ie, catastrophizing, pain acceptance, active and passive pain coping, anxiety, depression, pain-related anxiety, disability, functioning, impairment, and pain intensity). Clinicians and researchers are thus provided with a valid and reliable instrument to assess resilience in chronic pain populations.     

The experience of resilience in newly graduated nurses: A qualitative metasynthesis

AimThe aim of the present study was to understand the experiences and perceptions of newly graduated nurses in relation to resilience by providing an interpretive synthesis of the existing qualitative literature on this topic.BackgroundResilience in newly graduated nurses has been associated with increased satisfaction and decreased turnover. As the experience of resilience is unique to each individual, qualitative studies are well suited to explore this concept, yet the existing data is heterogenous.DesignA qualitative metasynthesis was conducted using a meta-ethnographic approach.MethodsThe search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global for the English literature and NDSL, KCI, RISS, KISS and DBpia for the Korean literature. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research was used to assess the quality of studies. An a priori protocol was created and registered on the Open Science Framework (Randall & De Gagne, 2022).ResultsThe final review included seven articles published between 2008 and 2021. Three main themes were identified: (1) internal experience of resilience; (2) external sources of resilience; and (3) building resilience over time. Subthemes were also identified.ConclusionsThis study indicates that resilience can be developed over time during the period of transition from student nurse to professional nurse and is impacted by personal and organizational influences. The promotion of resilience presents considerations and opportunities for health care leaders and administrators.     

Understanding the influence of resilience on psychological outcomes — Comparing results from acute care nurses in Canada and Singapore

BackgroundBuilding resilience among nurses is one of the ways to support and retain nurses in the profession. Prior literature which evaluated influence of resilience on psychological outcomes, were conducted in relatively homogeneous populations. It is of interest to evaluate whether relationships between resilience and psychological outcomes remain consistent across nations and among different nursing populations.AimTo evaluate a theoretical model of the impact of resilience on burnout (BO), secondary traumatic stress (STS) and compassion satisfaction (CS) by comparing results between nurses in Canada and Singapore.MethodA self-reported questionnaire consisting of questions on demographics, resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), and psychological adjustment (Professional Quality of Life) was administered via an online survey. One thousand three hundred and thirty-eight nurses working in two Academic Medical Centres in Singapore responded to the online survey. Similar data was also collected from 329 nurses in Canada. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.ResultsResilience exerts a significant negative direct impact on STS, and a significant negative direct impact on BO. Additionally, resilience has a positive direct impact on compassion satisfaction. STS exerts a positive direct impact on BO while CS has a negative direct impact on BO.ConclusionCurrent study affirmed significant associations between resilience and professional quality of life. Knowledge on resilience is key in informing design and implementation of resilience-building strategies that include professional development, and strengthening of interpersonal skills. A resilience-based approach will help reduce nurses' BO and STS while caring for their patients, and in turn reduce turnover.     

Towards clarification of the meaning of spirituality

BACKGROUND: Rhetoric about spirituality and nursing has greatly increased, as scientific-based approaches are not fully able to address many human problems, such as persistent pain. Despite the renewed interest and growing literature on spirituality, there is no consensus on a definition of this concept. There is also ambiguity on how this concept is incorporated into nursing practice, research, and education. AIM: This paper aims to contribute toward clarification of the meaning of spirituality in relevance to health and nursing today through a conceptual analysis process. METHODS: Information was obtained through dictionary definitions and electronic database searches of literature on spirituality spanning the past 30 years. The criteria for selection included scholarly articles and books with a definition of spirituality, and research studies that investigated the meaning of spirituality to individuals' health. A total of 76 articles and 19 books were retrieved for this analysis. FINDINGS: Spirituality is an inherent component of being human, and is subjective, intangible, and multidimensional. Spirituality and religion are often used interchangeably, but the two concepts are different. Spirituality involves humans' search for meaning in life, while religion involves an organized entity with rituals and practices about a higher power or God. Spirituality may be related to religion for certain individuals, but for others, such as an atheist, it may not be. CONCLUSION: In order to provide clarity and enhance understanding of this concept, this analysis delineates antecedents, attributes, constructed case examples, empirical referents, and consequences of spirituality. A proposed definition of spirituality emerged from this process, which may be applied broadly. Implications for nursing practice, education, and research are discussed.     

Recovery in context: bereavement, culture, and the transformation of the therapeutic self

The concept of recovery is integral to the work of bereavement professionals, though there remains considerable debate as to the precise definition and applicability of the term. A number of factors have contributed to the controversy; competing bereavement models, for instance, have given rise to fundamental differences in the way that recovery is conceptualized, whereas an epistemological divide between researchers and practitioners has further hindered theorists' efforts to arrive at a definition with far-ranging explanatory power. An examination of fundamental concepts from bereavement literature, resilience research, and existential philosophy may be helpful toward the development of a recovery concept that encompasses an array of thanatological perspectives. An educational model emphasizing the phenomenological dimensions of learning addresses the crucial relevance of culture to bereavement, and helps account for the self-transformation inherent in a range of grief experiences.     

Conceptualizing resilience in women older than 85: overcoming adversity from illness or loss

Resilience in women older than 85 is defined as the ability to achieve, retain, or regain a level of physical or emotional health after devastating illness or loss. This concept analysis of resilience in women older than 85 is based on the strategy suggested by Meleis. Resilience in women older than 85 is symbolized by a coiled wire, enclosed within a box similar to a jack-in-the-box. Environmental factors within the jack-in-the-box include frailty, determination, previous experience with hardship in learning how to cope, access to care, culturally based health beliefs, family support, self-care activities, caring for others, and functioning like efficiently working machines. External factors that influence the ability of the wire to recoil include the structure of the box itself and stress. More study is needed regarding diverse older women's experiences of resilience to develop a workable, clinically focused theory.     

Community health: an evolutionary concept analysis

Title.  Community health: an evolutionary concept analysis.
Aim.  This paper is a report of a concept analysis of community health.
Background.  Community health is a term that has been broadly used in both research and practice. Although local communities are invested in community health improvement, this process often occurs without a clear definition of the concept of community health .
Data sources.  Data sources included a sample of 537 papers covering the period 1990 to 2004 and representing the disciplines of nursing, public health, medicine and sociology and landmark works concerning community health, six community health assessment instruments and interviews with seven key community health informants.
Review methods.  Rodgers' Evolutionary Method of Concept Analysis was used to design the study and analyse the data. The professional literature was analysed and compared with the use of the concept of community health in community health assessment instruments and by key informants.
Results.  Dynamic and contextual, community health is achieved through participatory, community development processes based upon ecological models that address broad determinants of health. The primary focus of this collaborative work is population-based health promotion and disease prevention.
Conclusion.  The definition derived from the concept analysis of community health makes explicit the importance of community-based participatory action in local health improvement processes. Identification of the attributes of community health will enhance communication across disciplines involved in community health practice, research and education.     

Disaster‐Related Community Resilience: A Concept Analysis and a Call to Action for Nurses

A paucity of nursing literature is available on disaster‐related community resilience. Using a nursing method for analyzing concepts, this article attempts to clarify the meaning of this novel concept to encourage nursing research and practice. This concept analysis provides an introduction to the phenomenon of disaster‐related community resilience for nurses and consumers of nursing research. The article proposes the definition, antecedents, attributes, consequences, and empirical referents of disaster‐related community resilience and provides suggestions for nursing research and practice. It also provides nurses a foundation for participating in resilience‐building activities that may save lives and allow communities to recover more rapidly postdisaster.     

Elder resilience: a concept analysis

Resilience as a social culture adaptation skill is a concept created by a combination of culture-based protection and risk factors influenced by individual, family and society variables. When encountering life event stresses, elder resilience helps the elderly achieve positive adaptation processes and results using personal character and support systems. This study used concept analysis strategies (Walker & Avant, 2005) to define the concept of elder resilience and typical, borderline and contradictory models to define the attributes of self-efficacy, hope and expectation, flexibility, sense of humor, and positive relationships / social support. We identified antecedent and consequence factors of elder resilience and evaluated three empirical measurement tools. Concept analysis results are hoped to benefit clinical practice and further research. Healthcare provider should further develop a positive healthcare philosophy and intervention approaches in order to assist the elderly with successful aging and positive adaptation.     

Gender differences of parental distress in children with cancer

AIMS: The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the concept of equity in the British health visiting service and thus facilitate understanding of the term. An attempt has been made to apply the analytical process to the context of health visiting. BACKGROUND: Equity has been discussed at some length in the health literature. Much of this including the health visiting literature discusses inequality and inequalities in health at the same time as discussing equity. Increasingly, poverty and inequalities have become accepted as determinants in poor health. It seemed appropriate therefore to analyse these topical and seemingly related concepts. METHODS: A well established method of concept analysis has been utilized to facilitate the process of analysis. RESULTS: Confusion between the meaning and application of the concepts of equity and equality was found. Much of the health visiting and health care literature related to addressing the needs of groups who experience inequality in terms of service provision, and access to services. Following an in-depth critical analysis of the literature three critical attributes of the concept were identified: equal opportunity of access to services; a high standard of service for everyone; and unequal distribution of services to meet unequal need. These relate to two distinct forms of equity: horizontal and vertical equity. A definition of equity has been proposed. Maxwell's (1992) framework is suggested as a means to evaluate equity in service provision and uptake. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the literature examines equity at a macro level, that is service level. Nurses and health visitors are urged to examine the services that they are involved in to determine the level of equity that is achieved or not attained. Suggestions have been offered as to how this task may be undertaken. A definition has been proposed to stimulate debate and discussion about the concept within nursing contexts.